Zones Of Interaction Research Articles

Forced vibrations of a box-like structure of a multi-storey building under dynamic effect

The article is devoted to improving the model of a box-like structure of a building, taking into account the forces and moments in the zones of contact interaction of beam and plate elements. The equations of motion of the box-like elements, the boundary conditions in the base of the box and the contact conditions between the elements of the box are given; the graphs of panels and beams displacements are constructed.

Zonificación de las áreas propensas a incidentes por ataques de Crocodylus acutus en el Pacífico Central de Costa Rica utilizando un Sistema de Información Geográfico

En los últimos años, la incidencia de ataques por cocodrilos en Costa Rica, se han incrementado, lo cual está asociado al desarrollo de las actividades humanas en áreas consideradas como óptimas en lo que determinó como hábitat potencial de la especie. Dado lo anterior, la presente investigación plantea la identificación de zonas de interacción entre el cocodrilo y el ser humano a partir de la integración de variables físico-geográficas por medio de los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG). De esta manera, se realizó una recopilación teórica para la identificación de las variables físico-geográficas que integran el hábitat del cocodrilo (pendiente, red de drenaje, áreas de inundación y coberturas de uso de la tierra), así como las variables socioambientales que influyen en la alteración y la pérdida del hábitat de la especie (cantidad de poblados, densidad de población, densidad de caminos, y coberturas de uso de la tierra). Así mismo, se integraron los registros de casos con cocodrilos atendidos por el cuerpo de bomberos. Se logró evidenciar que la mayoría de incidentes se presentan en zonas con una alta interacción (áreas adonde se realizan una amplia varie-dad de actividades antrópicas), dentro del hábitat potencial de este reptil. Adicionalmente, los resultados obtenidos en la investigación constituyen un insumo importante en la toma de decisiones a nivel de política y ordenamiento territorial en la Región Pacífico Central, ya que en esta zona el turismo es una de las principales actividades económicas que puede llegar a ser amenazada por un ataque de ésta especie.

Zones of intensive interactions over the North Atlantic, 700 hPa level, November

The methods of cluster and component analysis were applied to the existing factors that are associated with the characteristics of heat and moisture exchange at 700 hPa level before their inclusion in the model of regional climates imitation, in order to detect zones of active interaction in the atmosphere over the North Atlantic and determine the regions hosting the processes that cause a significant impact on formation of features of climatic responsive regimes in the Eastern Europe. Each node of a 2,5º2,5º grid covering the North Atlantic has the first three main components identified and they describe more than 80 % of the total dispersion of the interaction processes at 700 hPa level. Using the Universal Iterative Method of data clustering the study defines the homogeneous regions in the fields of main components of vectors of state of meteorological characteristics at 700 hPa level over the North Atlantic. It also specifies a physical and statistical analysis of the obtained clustering schemes which has a good scientific substantiation and shows that the clusters of the first main component are of a large-scale type, and the second and third components have a focal character. At 700 hPa level clusters differ in the intensity of interaction processes. The intensity of processes is characterized by distribution and magnitude of weight loads, average values of representative vectors and intra-cluster dispersion. We determined that the first main component makes the basic contribution to the formation of the majority of initial meteorological values, and the third main component reflects the influence of local features on interaction processes. These facts are confirmed by the manner in which loads over the studied region are distributed on the initial characteristics of atmospheric processes. Intra-cluster dispersion reflects the degree of diversity of these processes by region. The study identifies correspondence of the high-altitude homogeneous zones of the main components to the near-surface cyclic energy-active ocean zones.

The study of geothermal resources of Avacha volcanoes group and its flanks

The article is based on the results of the geologic-geophysical researches carried out during different years around the Avacha volcanoes group and its flanks. More attention was paid to the results of electric exploration by the method of magnetotelluric sounding and gravimeter survey of 1:50 000 scale. Works results in the context of heat and power territory potential utilization were given. The complex of geophysical methods to study morphology of the peripheral chamber under Avacha volcano and search of potentially possible zones of chamber interaction with meteoric waters was recommended.

Femtosecond-laser-assisted LIPSS generation on chitosan/hydroxyapatite thin layers for biomedical applications

In this work, chitosan/hydroxyapatite (Ch/HAp) thin composites were synthesized and examined before and after femtosecond laser irradiation in order to investigate the substrate response and surface changes occurring during the process. The zones of interaction formed after treatment by fs laser pulses were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that the laser processing of Ch/HAp thin films leads to generation of well-defined laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) for a laser fluence F = 2.07 J/cm2 at 800 nm wavelength with pulse durations in the range of 130 fs. It is demonstrated experimentally that the femtosecond interaction regime results in the formation of ripples beneficial for the functionalization of biopolymer/ceramic samples for further tissue engineering applications. In the transmittance spectra, profile variations for the non-treated and laser-processed surfaces were noticed depending on the number of pulses applied.

West-Central Asia: A comparative analysis of students’ trajectories in Russia (Moscow) from the 1980s and China (Yiwu) from the 2000s

Through an exploration of oral history and ethnographic material, this article makes a comparative examination of the life-trajectories of students from Yemen, Iraq, and Afghanistan who studied in Russia (Moscow) during the late 1980s, and from Tajikistan, Iran, Azerbaijan and Saudi Arabia who studied in China in the 2000s. In contrast to the cohort of students in Moscow who were mainly men from places with relatively amicable relations with the USSR, the female students of Muslim background from West and Central Asia regarded China as a place where they could pursue fulfilling forms of economic and personal autonomy. By comparing these two groups of international students, this article sheds light into the nature of historical, geographical and geopolitical connections and disconnections between West-Central Asia, Eurasia (especially Russia) and East Asia (especially China). By centring its attention to the demise of Soviet/Russian education and the emergence of China as a figure of economic prosperity, the article theorises West-Central Asia as a particular arena of interaction suitable to comprehend the networks, ‘third spaces’ or zones of interaction (e.g. Moscow and Yiwu), and forms of connection fostered by these students’ trajectories.

Groundwater discharges to aquatic ecosystems associated with the Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifer: A conceptual model

This paper reports on a conceptual model that was developed to describe the different groundwater discharge 'types' from the Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifer, that contributes to the different components of the flow regime in each of the recognised river reaches for streams and rivers associated with the TMG. This model integrates hydrogeological, ecological and geomorphological understandings into an ecohydrological perspective linking ground- and surface water systems. Through geospatial intersections of existing GIS layers a GIS model was also developed to highlight the quaternary catchments containing sensitive aquatic ecosystems that could be vulnerable to groundwater use from the TMG. The conceptual model demonstrates the intimate link between groundwater from the TMG aquifer and aquatic ecosystems in the mountain and foothill reaches of streams and rivers in the Cape Folded Mountains in particular. It also identifies two primary zones of interaction between groundwater and surface water in the TMG, namely, the 'TMG aquifer daylight-domain', located in the recharge zone, and the 'TMG aquifer surface water interface-domain', located at the discharge end of the aquifer. The conceptual model clearly indicates the difference between real groundwater, and perceived groundwater contributions to streamflow in the TMG. It is the lower flows of the flow regime that will be most vulnerable to groundwater use from the TMG aquifer in the 'TMG aquifer daylight-domain', which are unfortunately also the most important flows from an ecological perspective. However, any groundwater use from the TMG aquifer will also affect the discharge end of the aquifer, located far from the higher elevation recharge areas, or the point of groundwater abstraction, in lowland settings in the 'TMG aquifer surface water interface-domain'. The GIS model integrated the conceptual understanding into a management tool by highlight all quaternary catchments associated with TMG containing sensitive aquatic ecosystems and gave the variable vulnerability for each.

Engaging Holism: Exploring Multispecies Approaches in Ethnoprimatology

Studying the human–alloprimate interface requires researchers to simultaneously examine multiple axes in the lives of organisms across zones of interaction. Such a multiscalar interface creates challenges for ethnoprimatological researchers who must situate their work within ecological, social, or anthropological paradigms. We argue that more explicit incorporation of multispecies ethnography and attention to the distinct practices of Japanese primatology help to realize and promote the potential of ethnoprimatology among a broader peer group of primatologists. Despite the utility of multispecies ethnography, the challenge is not in making multispecies theory applicable to our studies; it is in operationalizing it and making it more accessible by reframing how we view human–alloprimate entanglements. Current examinations of human–alloprimate inter-actions are limited in their ability to bring to bear the relational histories and futures of organisms in shared landscapes. Inter-actions draw attention to momentary encounters rather than to the extended entanglements and holistic properties that emerge from intra-actions within a multispecies assemblage. Using primate hunting in the Central African Republic as a locus of intra-action, we advocate for the expanded promise and future of an ethnoprimatology that can better address human–alloprimate entanglements, improve conservation efforts, and further anthropology’s growing attention to more than human worlds. This is a future that draws heavily from the complexity of the ethnographic moment to more broadly examine the nuanced, intersubjective relationships among those present at the human–alloprimate interface.

ZONES OF INTENSIVE INTERACTIONS OVER THE NORTH ATLANTIC: 850 MB GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT, NOVEMBER

Problem Statement and Purpose. Formation of hydrometeorological characteristics at 850 hPa level is governed with the processes of interaction of the underlying surface with the surface layer of air and, at the same time, processes in the middle troposphere. Such processes assume the presence of inhomogeneities in the distribution of state vectors of various hydrometeorological characteristics over the North Atlantic basin and the adjoining land area. Clusterization of the air condition parameters at 850 hPa level, the calculation of the statistical characteristics of the proper homogeneous zones is the goal of this work and, at the same time, part of a more general study related to the determination of regions of intense interaction between the processes that form the hydrometeorological characteristics of the atmosphere and the ocean over the North Atlantic, as analogues of energy-active zones.Data & Methods. As a research object for investigation we used the fields of mean monthly air temperature, mass fraction of water vapor, geopotentials, velocity (relative), zonal component of wind, given at nodes of the regular grid of points 2.5º×2.5º over the North Atlantic from 1957 to 2001.For revealing zones of active interaction in the atmosphere over the North Atlantic and determining regions, which make a significant impact on formation of features of climatic conditions of response in the regions of Eastern Europe, methods of cluster and component analysis are applied to influencing factors being circulation characteristics and characteristics of heat and moisture exchange on the 850 mb geopotential height before including them in the model. In each node of a degree grid of 2,5º× 2,5º over the North Atlantic, the first three main components are identified, which describe more than 80% of the total dispersion of the processes of interaction in the air layer on the surface 850 mb geopotential height.Results. In the fields of the main components of the state vectors of meteorological characteristics over the North Atlantic, using the Universal iterative method of data clustering, homogeneous regions are defined. A physical and statistical analysis of the obtained clustering schemes is given, which has a good scientific justification. It is shown that the clusters of the first main component are of a scale-scale type, and the second and third components are of a focal character. Clusters are characterized by the intensity of the processes of interactions in the air layer on the surface 850 mb geopotential height. The intensity of the processes is characterized by the distribution and values of the weight, the mean values of the representative vectors and the intracluster dispersion. It is determined that the first main component makes the main contribution to the formation of the most of the initial meteorological values, and the third main component reflects the influence of local features on the interaction processes..

Efficiency of cooling the water droplets within Jet-Film unit of cooling tower filler

Researches of blocks of sprinklers of cooling towers with jet-film devices are presented. The conducted numerical studies allow us to estimate the influence of the design and operating parameters of the proposed contact device on the efficiency of the process of cooling the recycled water. The increase in the average gas velocity leads to a more intense flow of water drops and more efficient cooling. To achieve high performance, it is necessary to create zones of drip interaction of phases with droplet sizes up to 100 µm at relatively low speeds of two-phase gas-liquid flow. Under such conditions, the drop can be cooled by more than 10°C within one contact stage. The proposed sprinkler units with jet-film contact devices will be able to achieve a lower level of cooling water temperatures in the cooling towers of industrial enterprises at relatively low operating costs.

On the mechanism of flow evolution in shock-tube experiments

The paper studies numerically the flow development behind the shock wave propagating inside the tube. The detailed analysis of the flow patterns behind the shock wave allows determination of the gas-dynamical origins of the temperature non-uniformities responsible for the subsequent localized start of chemical reactions in the test mixture. In particular, it is shown that the temperature field structure is determined mainly by the mechanisms of boundary layer instability development. The kinetic energy dissipation related to the flow deceleration inside boundary layer results in local heating of the test gas. At the same time, the heat losses to the tube wall lead to the cooling of the gas. Therefore the temperature stratification takes place on the scales of the boundary layer. As soon as the shock wave reflected from the end-wall of the tube interacts with the developed boundary layer the localized hot regions arise at a certain distance from the end wall. The position of these hot regions is associated with the zones of shock wave interaction with roller vortices at the margin between the boundary layer and the bulk flow. Formulated mechanism of the temperature field evolution can be used to explain the peculiarities of non-steady shock-induced ignition of combustible mixtures with moderate ignition delay times, where the ignition starts inside localized kernels at distance from the end wall.

Structural and functional units of parenchyma of lymph nodes of drometaries (Camelus dromedarius)

This article analyzes patterns of structural and functional organization of the parenchyma of different groups of lymph nodes, structural features of their connective tissue frame and lymphatic sinuses. We studied superficial and deep somatic (Limphonodi mandibulares, L. cervicales superficiales, L. axillares proprii, L. poplitei), somatovisceral (L. retropharyngei mediales, L. iliaci mediales), visceral (L. mediastinales caudales, L. jejunales) features of mature male drometaries (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758). We used a complex of traditional macroscopic and histological techniques, and also immunohistochemical staining of lymph node sections for identifying the features of localization of T- and B-lymphocyte populations in the parenchyma of the nodes. We found that the parenchyma of camels’ lymph nodes is characterized by a spongy type structure in the form of a complex of partly concrescent round-oval fragments of lymphoid tissue, surrounded by large lymphatic spaces (sinuses). The connective tissue frame of the lymph nodes is represented by a two-layer (connective tissue-muscular) capsule and two types of trabeculae: two-layered (connective-muscular, type I), which contain blood and lymphatic vessels, as well as lymphatic cysternas, and a single-layered, formed only by a smooth muscular system (type II). Intranodal lymphatic sinuses are subdivided into subcapsular, peritrabecular and medullary sinuses. The subcapsular sinuses and sinuses related to trabeculae of type I and their branching are the most developed. At the tissue level, the lymph node parenchyma has a clearly manifested lobular structure. Lymphoid lobules in the lymph node parenchyma are positioned diffusely (mosaically) and consist of four main cellular zones: transit and cell-cell interaction (analogous to the cortical plateau), clonal proliferation of T- and, respectively, B-lymphocytes (deep cortex units, lymphatic nodules), accumulation of plasmocytes and synthesis of antibodies (brain cords). The lymphoid lobes (compartments) of the lymph nodes parenchyma are bipolar, their tops formed by the zones of transit and cell-cell interaction, and also by the zones of proliferation of B lymphocytes, and the bases by a complex of brain cords (zone of accumulation of plasmocytes and synthesis of antibodies). The zone of T-lymphocytes proliferation is in intermediate position and underlies the subunits of the parenchyma. The tops of the lymphoid lobes are located along the sinuses of the trabeculae of type I and the bases along the sinuses of the trabeculae of type II, which form the efferent lymphatic vessels. The maximum relative capacity of all studied lymph nodes was typical for zones of plasmocyte accumulation and synthesis of antibodies (19–27%), the minimum capacity was typical for transit and cell-cell interaction zones (3–8%). The relative capacity of zones of clonal proliferation of T- and B-lymphocytes in most lymph nodes was 1.5–3.0 times less than that of the zone of plasmocyte accumulation and antibody formation and was, respectively, 8–16% and 9–18%. The study showed that the structure of the lymph nodes parenchyma of drometaries is not absolutely unique. As in other mammal species, it is subdivided into specialized cell zones which are connected in lymphoid lobules. Specific features of parenchyma structure include: diffuse (mosaic) location of lymphoid lobules; absence of signs of regulated localization of lymphoid lobules relative to the capsule and the sinus bordering the nodes.

МИНЕРАЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ КАК МЕЖ ДИСЦИПЛИНАРНАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ: НЕКОТОРЫЕ ИТОГИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Subject Interdisciplinary research is the major development trend in modern science, including fundamental medicine. The article presents an overview of original research and contemporary literature data at the interface of fundamental dentistry and biomineralogy - in the material science field of biomineral formations – of human dental tissues. Objectives Justification of a new interdisciplinary scientific direction – mineralogical stomatology; definition of the subject and research methods; summary of the existing evidence and substantiation of development prospects. Results The results of systematic physical and chemical studies of tooth tissues (intact and with various pathologies) are considered, including studies carried out by the Ural School in the material science field of dental attrition (phase and chemical composition, structure, mechanical properties, etc.), disease development mechanisms, practical application of results during dental restoration, etc. Publications by international authors are reviewed, especially those concerned with: the application of local methods of investigation of dental tissues and mapping of their properties; the peculiarities of lattice parameter spatial distribution of enamel hydroxyapatite and migration of elements from amalgam into dentin and the pulp chamber; research on the distribution of essential and toxic trace elements, carbonate-ions, degree of crystallinity and collagen content through various structural zones of dental tissues; the analysis of fluorescence characteristics of tooth tissue and filling materials. Issues of tissue mapping based on digital data derived from different local substance analysis methods – scanning (transmission) electron microscopy with EDX analysis, electron probe microanalysis, mass spectrometry with laser ablation, IR and Raman microspectroscopy, etc. – are examined. Conclusions The new interdisciplinary scientific field of mineralogical stomatology is developed at the interface of dental medicine and biomineralogy. This discipline is focused on studies of human hard dental tissues, restoration materials, dental prosthetics, zones of interaction (hybridization) using techniques and approaches developed in biomineralogy and based on the application of modern analytical techniques. The work is supported by the Russian President’s grant NSh-9723.206.5.

Three forms of professional capital: systemic, social movement, and activist

Purpose As a “business capital” model premised upon a financial perspective of educational change spreads itself into school systems around the world, a countervailing view of “professional capital,” as proposed by Hargreaves and Fullan, provides a new framework for transforming teaching and uplifting learning. The purpose of this paper is to advance theory by distinguishing among three forms of professional capital found in three different settings. Design/methodology/approach Systemic professional capital is exemplified by the city-state of Singapore, in which schools, higher education, and the Ministry of Education all support one another to optimize student learning. Social movement professional capital is manifested in the Learning Communities Project of rural middle schools in Mexico, where change is driven forward with a model of tutorial relationships that has proven to be sustainable even when funding is cut and political support is withdrawn. Activist professional capital can be identified in a Teacher Solutions Team model in Arizona in the USA, where educators carve out new zones of interaction and support for one another to deepen their knowledge base. This paper examines and discusses the above. Findings Systemic, social movement, and activist forms of professional capital are found to share affinities with the three forms of teacher professionalism identified by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development based on findings from the Teaching and Learning International Survey. Originality/value These distinctions among various forms of professional capital invite further research and theory building to provide alternatives to the rise of business capital in schools and school systems.

The molecular complexity of fertilization: Introducing the concept of a fertilization synapse.

The details of sperm-egg interactions remain a relative mystery despite many decades of research. As new molecular complexities are being discovered, we need to revise the framework in which we think about fertilization. As such, we propose that fertilization involves the formation of a synapse between the sperm and egg. A cellular synapse is a structure that mediates cell adhesion, signaling, and secretion through specialized zones of interaction and polarity. In this review, we draw parallels between the immune synapse and fertilization, and argue that we should consider sperm-egg recognition, binding, and fusion in the context of a "fertilization synapse." Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 376-386, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Minimization of Fracture Parameters of a Composite at Bending

A thin elastic plate of an isotropic medium (matrix) containing inclusions of another material and subjected to bending is considered. It is assumed that the medium is weakened by rectilinear cracks arbitrarily placed near the inclusion. The service life of the composite plate depends on the distribution of stresses in the zones of interaction of its elements. The serviceability of the composite can be improved by changing the geometry of binder and inclusion joint. A fracture mechanics problem for determining the optimum form of inclusion which minimizes the stress intensity factors (moments) near crack tips is solved. A fracture criterion and a solution method for the problem on preventing the composite from fracture under the action of a given system of external bending loads are proposed. A closed system of equations permitting one to obtain a solution to the optimum design problem according to the geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the binder and inclusions is obtained. The cross-sectional shape found for the elastic foreign inclusion provides an increased load-carrying capacity of the composite.

Developing Biotemplated Data Storage: Room Temperature Biomineralization of L10 CoPt Magnetic Nanoparticles

L10 cobalt platinum can be used to record data at approximately sixfold higher densities than it is possible to on existing hard disks. Currently, fabricating L10 CoPt requires high temperatures (≈500 °C) and expensive equipment. One ecological alternative is to exploit biomolecules that template nanomaterials at ambient temperatures. Here, it is demonstrated that a dual affinity peptide (DAP) can be used to biotemplate L10 CoPt onto a surface at room temperature from an aqueous solution. One part of the peptide nucleates and controls the growth of CoPt nanoparticles from solution, and the other part binds to SiO2. A native silicon oxide surface is functionalized with a high loading of the DAP using microcontact printing. The DAP biotemplates a monolayer of uniformly sized and shaped nanoparticles when immobilized on the silicon surface. X‐ray diffraction shows that the biotemplated nanoparticles have the L10 CoPt crystal structure, and magnetic measurements reveal stable, multiparticle zones of interaction, similar to those seen in perpendicular recording media. This is the first time that the L10 phase of CoPt has been formed without high temperature/vacuum treatment (e.g., annealing or sputtering) and offers a significant advancement toward developing environmentally friendly, biotemplated materials for use in data storage.

Numerical simulation of turbulent air flow on a single isolated finned tube module with periodic boundary conditions

A helically segmented finned tube bank is simulated as a single isolated finned tube module in order to reduce computational domain in 99%. The numerical simulation is conducted with the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes Equations (RANS) approach and the turbulence effect is modeled with the k–ɛ RNG model. The finned tube geometry is represented by means of cut-cell method, whereas the inside fluid temperature is considered by means of an average temperature. Periodic boundary conditions are implemented and, as a consequence, new terms in momentum and energy equations should be included to represent pressure drop and cooling air flow. Results show the effect of implementing periodic boundary conditions on turbulent kinetic energy, and its dissipation rate only is reflected on local properties in the zones of high flow interaction. Predictions are validated with experimental data and the best correlations available in the open literature. Results show good precision and the same tendency in the velocity field. The numerical-mean friction factor and Nusselt number present deviations of 0.67% and 2.98%, respectively. Therefore, an appropriate representation of turbulent flows is obtained and the numerical model can be applied to studies on heat exchangers at industrial scale.

New ligands of the tubulin colchicine site based on X-ray structures.

Colchicine site ligands have proved to be potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization, which leads them not only to display cytotoxic effects but also vascular disrupting effects on tumour neovasculature. In recent years, many compounds have been designed, synthesized and evaluated in order to improve the potency, stability and physicochemical properties of these agents with the aim of developing an agent that could reach the clinical assay level. Here we analyze the eleven X-ray structures of tubulin in complex with ligands at the colchicine site by dividing it into four different zones of interaction, we review the new compounds that have appeared in the literature since 2008 and that were designed based on any of these X-ray structures and, finally, we describe our latest results in the design of new potent antimitotic indole derivatives that have confirmed the flexibility of one of the zones described for the colchicine site.

The Southern Frontier of the Meroitic State: The View from Jebel Moya.

The site of Jebel Moya, excavated in the early twentieth century, represents arguably the largest pastoral mortuary complex in Africa. Jebel Moya is resituated in relation to the neighbouring Meroitic-era agro-pastoral settlements and the only known Meroitic trading station (Sennar) in the southern Gezira Plain, Sudan. It is the first time that the known localities in the southern Gezira and southern Meroitic cemeteries have been compared, in an attempt to elucidate the different social organisation reflected in mortuary assemblages between the core and the periphery of the Meroitic State. New questions are posed for (1) the applicability of mortuary theory to pastoral cemeteries, and (2) the nature of zones of interaction on the frontier of the Meroitic State, through the application of new statistical and spatial analyses of the mortuary assemblages and the site’s reinterpretation as a pastoral, instead of an agro-pastoral, mortuary complex.