Cooperation Zone Research Articles

서해평화협력지대 구상과 UN 제재 : 공동어로구역 설정과 UN 대북제재와의 저촉 가능성에 대한 검토

서해평화협력지대 구상과 UN 제재 : 공동어로구역 설정과 UN 대북제재와의 저촉 가능성에 대한 검토

Conservationist geopolitics: Brazilian foreign policy and the South Atlantic Whale Sanctuary

The purpose of this article is to analyze the proposal of the South Atlantic Whale Sanctuary (SAWS), presented by Brazil in the International Whaling Commission (IWC). The article discusses the SAWS proposal as part of Brazil’s foreign policy strategy, instead of looking at the technical aspects related to the merit of the proposal from a strictly environmental perspective. The article makes the claim that the proposal can be understood as part of a broader Brazilian diplomatic effort to construct a specific identity for the South Atlantic Ocean space, one that is particularly related to the Zone of Peace and Cooperation of the South Atlantic (ZOPACAS, in Portuguese). By looking at the role of Brazil in proposing the SAWS, the article also sheds light into Southern agency in issues related to ocean governance, international cooperation and environmental protection. The research benefited from interviews with Brazilian diplomats involved with the IWC and access to Brazilian diplomatic communication related to the IWC in the 2000–2016 period.

A Study into the Development Strategy of Qianhai Cooperation Zone based on Non-cooperative Game

A Study into the Development Strategy of Qianhai Cooperation Zone based on Non-cooperative Game

중국의 일대일로 초국경경제협력구 발전 현황 및 사례 연구 -호르고스와 핑샹-동당 비교-

The Trans-border Economic Cooperation Zone is a future-oriented crossborder cooperation model in which China and neighboring countries provide and share some territories, and promote cooperation not only in economic cooperation but also in non-economic fields such as justice and security. China has already built 12 cooperative districts with neighboring countries, promoting Belt & Road initiatives. Although US-NK talks about denuclearization are currently in a difficult situation, economic cooperation issues at the border among two Koreas and China may become important if North Korea’s reform and opening are realized. We can refer to the cross-border economic cooperation zone model that China is promoting with neighboring countries to jointly establish a special unification economic zone or to design a test bed for regional integration between two Koreas. In addition, the Trans-border Economic Cooperation Zone may be established in the Dandong or Hunchun areas of NK-China border (or China-unified Korea border) in the process of North Korea’s reform and reunification. Therefore, it is necessary to trace and research the development process of China’s trans-border economic cooperation zones such as Horgos, which is already developing considerably, to draw implications for Korea.

Research on Motivation and Benefits of Hongdou Group’s Investment in Sihanoukville Special Economic Zone in Cambodia

The overseas economic and trade cooperation zone is an important platform for China’s economic cooperation with other countries. It aims to improve the service management level of the cooperation zone and promote the operational efficiency of the park enterprises by drawing on the excellent experience of China’s Reform and Opening. Due to the increase in domestic production costs and the guidance of the government’s policy of encouraging enterprises to “go global”, the countries along the “Belt and Road” have gradually emerged as a boom in corporate investment cooperation zones. This paper analyzes the input and output of the case of Hongdou Group investing in Cambodia’s special economic zone, Sihanoukville, and finds that this kind way of investment is conducive to enterprises to use policy support to “get advantage and complement each other”. Integrating various resources, and gaining the core competitiveness of enterprises in the host country is also the main motivation for Chinese enterprises to invest abroad in the new era. The analysis believes that the initial stage of investment will bring some financial pressure, but in the middle and late stage will play an important economic role, bring good economic benefits, and will bring positive social benefits to the host country, which will benefit for the bargaining power of enterprises overseas.

A Cooperative Lane Change Model for Connected and Automated Vehicles

The emerging technology of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication makes it possible for vehicles to sense the environment information, which can be exploited to assist the vehicle in cooperative motion planning. In this paper, we focus on the cooperative trajectory planning of lane changes for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). The proposed model considers the traffic scene with multiple mandatory lane change demands and completes the trajectory planning for vehicles by taking the safety and efficiency into consideration. The model solves two critical issues: the vehicle grouping and the motion planning. In the first issue, CAVs in the cooperative zone are divided into different groups. Then the problem is simplified and divided into several subproblems. In the second issue, the trajectory planning is conducted in each group. Trajectories are generated for vehicles with and without lane change demands. Besides, these two steps are iterated and updated in the fixed time interval, which makes full use of the dynamic cooperation ability of vehicles. Extensive simulation tests are conducted to validate the performance of the model. Results show that the cooperation of vehicles realizes safe and effective lane changes.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ АРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The authors of this article briefly note the relevance of this topic; give the composition of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation; consider the features of the development and functioning of this zone; briefly analyze the rich and diverse natural resource potential of the Arctic zone of Russia with the identification of natural and anthropogenic trends in the state of the zone and areas of international cooperation in the Russian Arctic with the identification of environmental threats. The authors in a concise form consider some features of the spatial development of the economy of this Arctic zone, as well as the formation and development of the Northern Sea Route, highlight the most important problems in the western, central and eastern parts of the zone. In conclusion, the authors draw brief conclusions from the entire set of problems they have considered.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ БАЛТО-ЧЕРНОМОРСКОЙ ДУГИ И УКРАИНСКАЯ ВНЕШНЯЯ ПОЛИТИКА (1990-Е - НАЧАЛО 2000-Х ГГ.)

The article analyzes the influence of the concepts of the Intermarium and the Baltic-Black Sea Arc on the formation of Ukraine’s foreign policy in 1990 – early 2000. The use of these concepts in American, European and Ukrainian geopolitical thought, which historically included the idea of opposing Russian influence in the region, contributed to the increase in tension and was aimed at further disintegration of the Western flank of the post-Soviet space. The article proves that the design of the Euro-Atlantic vector of Ukraine’s foreign policy was already active under the first two Ukrainian presidents – Leonid Kravchuk (1991–1994) and Leonid Kuchma (1994–2005). One of the concrete attempts to implement the idea of forming a common political, economic, transport and logistics space of the Black Sea-Caspian region with a promising expansion of the cooperation zone to the whole of Eastern Europe and the Eastern Baltic during the presidency of Leonid Kuchma was the foundation and launch of a new regional organization, Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, better known as GUAM (composed by the initial letters of names of member states – Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Moldova; when Uzbekistan was also a member of Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the name of the organization was GUUAM), which is an alternative to Eurasian projects with the participation of Russia.

Analytical Research of Creating Trans-border Zones of Economic Cooperation Between Russia and China

For Russia and China, creating trans-border parks is a lucrative opportunity. The both countries have not only safe political relations, long-term economic and trade exchanges, but they also possess steady support inside their countries and splendid basic conditions. In view of the features and advantages of opening trans-border territories of the two countries, as well as on the basis of developing trans-border trade zones and zones of trans-border economic cooperation, the Russo-Chinese zone of the trans-border economic cooperation will perform specific customs surveillance with creating favorable terms for industrial cooperation and implementation of bilateral filling-up of the trans-border areas by means of matching of the trans-border areas as well as for increasing the development of the region.

Cooperative Lane Changing Strategies to Improve Traffic Operation and Safety Nearby Freeway Off-Ramps in a Connected and Automated Vehicles Environment

The study proposes a cooperative lane changing strategy to improve traffic operation and safety at a diverging area nearby a highway off-ramp in an environment with connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). The cooperative strategy was implemented by the coordination of behaviors between the diverging vehicle and its cooperative vehicle on the target lane. The Minimizing Overall Braking Induced by Lane Changes Model (MOBIL) and Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) were modified to develop a simulation platform for a CAV environment. The optimal cooperative lane changing zones were firstly calculated by a heuristic algorithm, and then were applied in the simulation platform to implement the cooperative strategy. Various metrics were considered to evaluate the proposed strategy, including: total travel time, surrogate safety measures and traffic waves in the system. The experimental results showed that the length of the optimal cooperative zones obtained in our strategy were smaller than the fixed zone required in modified MOBIL strategy. Moreover, the results indicated that the cooperative strategy with the optimal zones, could improve traffic operation, traffic safety and traffic oscillation as compared to the modified MOBIL strategy with the fixed zone. The cooperative strategy can be potentially implemented nearby highway off-ramps by vehicle-based control, with the applications of the aforementioned cooperative zones.

“In spite of the way the world is”

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide comparative perspectives on how educators teach issues that affect two countries with a history of governmental tensions. The investigation examines how teachers in Cuban classrooms engage in discourses on the recent developments in Cuban and US relations, including the teaching of historical and territorial issues. This research considers border pedagogy, critical border dialogism and critical border praxis as approaches for those who educate on the effects of US international policies. Ultimately, pragmatic hope offers the possibilities for an emergent third space for Cuban and US relations, including educational exchanges.Design/methodology/approachThe research took place in Cuba during an educational exchange to Cuban secondary and university educational sites. Cuban educators of pedagogy and social education engaged in dialogue and shared information on how they address US international policies during their classroom discussions. The researcher employed methodologies that followed Stake’s (2000) model for a substantive case study. Impressions, data, records and salient elements at the observed site were recorded. Transcriptions were documented for face-to-face interviews and hour-long focus group sessions. Participants also logged responses to written survey questions. The study focused on how Cuban educators taught, discussed and addressed the US international policies in classrooms.FindingsHeteroglossia, meliorism, critical cosmopolitanism, nepantla, dialogic feminism and pragmatic hope were components of the data analysis. Heteroglossia was an essential consideration throughout the study as multiple interpretations of Cuban and US interconnectedness emerged. Meliorism factored into Cuban educators’ commitments to their professions. Critical cosmopolitanism developed as educators put forth different conceptualizations of human rights and democracy. Nepantla emerged as a key aspect as indigenous and self-determined viewpoints emerged. Dialogic feminism was preeminent as patriarchy continues to exist, despite a new awareness of gender roles and gender violence. Pragmatic hope offers possibilities for a transnational community of inquiry and collaboration.Research limitations/implicationsThe most obvious limitation to this study is, as a case study, the limited scope of perception.Practical implicationsIf future relations between Cuban and the US are deemed uncertain, critical border praxis has an essential role in addressing new sets of uncertainties. This study recommends that educational communities engage in discourses addressing ongoing issues facing the dynamic, fluid border environs. Critical border praxis provides conditions in which we, as educators and members of diverse communities of learners, become cross-borders and broaden the possibilities to achieve what had been considered the unattainable. Resources need to be prioritized and redirected toward educational efforts on national, state and local levels so critical border praxis becomes a reality.Social implicationsThrough transnational and transborder engagements, such as educational exchanges, both US and Cuban educators are provided opportunities to reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of their own educational systems. The role of education, formal and informal, then serves to transform perceptions one-by-one, school-by-school, community-by-community and to influence policy makers to reconstruct education country-by-country as part of pragmatic hope for an enduring Pax Universalis. Pax Universalis serves as a third space where transborder students and educators alike are positioned as co-creators of knowledge and agents of change.Originality/valueThis study proposes a new emergent third space resulting from critical border dialogism that utilizes border pedagogy and critical pedagogies of place to seek new zones of mutual respect and cooperation among educators. Common educational understandings are the key starting point for a critical border praxis that facilitates ongoing dialogue between the two countries and offers pragmatic hope for the futures of both nations and opportunities to ameliorate relationships. An emergent third space is possible through sustained critical border praxis, a praxis that seeks to address points of contention and the bridges that need crossing between the two neighboring countries.

Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process for the Reform Direction of Disaster Management System in South Korea - In Preparation for Reunification -

This study suggested how to improve the disaster safety system in South Korea via government-private partnerships in preparation for reunification with North Korea. The results of this study recommended the legal and institutional reform, standardization of disaster terminology, manual generalization, and enhanced disaster safety system reflecting the regional characteristics. In addition, for smooth cooperation for the disaster management and response system between the two Koreas, it would be desirable to establish a more focused strategy on the border area, economic cooperation zones, and the exchange areas instead of a comprehensive strategy in the widespread area. In particular, according to the analytic hierarchy process, the expert groups identified system reform as the most important reform with regards to the disaster management system in preparation for the Korean reunification, followed by policy reform and cooperation system reform.

Лабораторные исследования по выявлению листерии в пищевой продукции

One of the main tasks of the domestic meat industry at the present stage of development is to ensure safety for the consumer of produced meat products. It is known that in meat raw materials and products made from it, especially in violation of the technological regimes and sanitary and hygienic conditions of production, it is possible to identify microorganisms dangerous for humans — Listeria. In this regard, in the zone of European economic cooperation, as well as other developed countries (USA, Canada, Japan), the requirements for the control of pathogenic listeria in meat and meat products, the consumption of which can cause human disease, are strictly regulated. The study of food for the presence of the causative agent of listeriosis is mandatory. The problem of food listeriosis is also of significant socioeconomic importance due to the damage caused by the removal of contaminated products, the restriction of exports and imports, and the cessation of production. Laboratory studies are the basis for the prevention of foodborne diseases at all stages of the production of the food industry, which lead to health and safety of the population and the spread of microbiological infections. Taking into account the above, it was necessary to consider the existing developments in the technology of modern nutrient media to identify Listeria.

Building the belt and road initiative? – practices en route

This study attempts to understand the pragmatic development of the belt and road initiative (BRI) in light of the Chinese government’s stated claim that the BRI will be ‘using key economic industrial parks as cooperation platforms’. Through the examination of three overseas economic and trade cooperation zones in the context of the BRI, this study engages with current Chinese language work on the BRI to argue that whilst at the regional level some initiatives may be workable and able to deliver given certain circumstances, in consideration of the goal of continuous expansion of the BRI, both the Chinese government’s role and corporate awareness by Chinese investors is lacking and has undermined general policy goals.

China’s Implementation of Goal 9 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: International Capacity Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative

The experience in reform and opening up shows that China’s achievements in industrialization are largely attributed to its industrial openness towards the outside world and the international cooperation. As it enters the second decade of the 21st century, China’s industry has stepped into a new era of leading international development cooperation and promoting inclusive and sustainable growth in global industry, namely a period of developing international capacity cooperation supported by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). As vigorously driven by the BRI, the international capacity cooperation has not only pushed forward the creation of new industrial cooperation models among developing countries, but also opened new paths and contributed Chinese approaches to regional and global industrial cooperations under the new situation, in particular for the implementation of the inclusive and sustainable industrial development goal set in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. This mainly manifests as: dovetailing the top-level design with planning to build new mechanism-based capacity cooperation models, achieving cross-border infrastructure connectivity to promote trade, investment and industrial cooperation, constructing cooperation zones as an important platform for small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in capacity cooperation, breaking the financial bottleneck of regional development through diversified and open financial cooperation, and leading the leapfrog development of countries along the Belt and Road through technological cooperation and collaborative innovation.

Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Border Region Development: West Southeast Maluku, Indonesia

Border regions are geographically presented with potential economic benefits. However, some of these areas have not been able to take advantage of their strategic geographic locality. This is also the case for border areas in Indonesia. There is a spectrum of perceptions by stakeholders on how border regions, particularly international borders, should be developed. This study sought to capture the perspectives of Indonesian stakeholders on border region development, and the extent of influence such perspectives have in the policy of border areas development with a case study in West Southeast Maluku The research was conducted using qualitative method with in-depth interviews as the primary collecting data technique. The results show that despite perceptions of stakeholders who view West Southeast Maluku as an area of insecurity, they also see the potential of the area to be developed as a gateway, area of opportunity, zone of contacts and zone of cooperation. However, the current policies and strategies of the development of border areas do not exemplify such perceptions, and the formulation of such policies is likely to be dominated by state-level stakeholders, despite the fact that local level stakeholders have a more comprehensive understanding of the needs of their areas.

СТРАТЕГИИ НАЗЫВАНИЯ МАГАЗИНОВ В КИТАЕ И РОССИИ

This article identifies and analyzes the priority ways of naming the trade organizations of Chelyabinsk and Heihe cities in the zone of cross-border economic cooperation between China and Russia. The typology of the names of shops and other enterprises providing goods and services shows ethnic and cultural features that manifest themselves in the modern language space of the two countries. A large variety of organization names was found in Chelyabinsk city: single words (including complex ones) both Russian and foreign, word groups consisting of Russian and foreign words, abbreviations as well as words with non-traditional spelling and unclear meaning. Six types of naming were found in Heihe city: words with positive connotations, words pointing to the major function of an organization, names containing a company’s location, words including the owner’s name, unsuitable names and samples of erroneous translation. The first 4 can be considered strategic ways of naming as far as they help promote companies that they name on the market of goods and services and play a considerable role in forming potential customers loyalty.

Facilities connectivity in eastern regions of China and Russia and the “Belt and Road” initiative

Enhancement of facilities connectivity and construction of the necessary infrastructure is an important element of the “Belt and Road” Initiative. The lack of facilities connectivity is seen as a major impediment to the development of Sino-Russian trade and other spheres of cooperation between the two countries. This paper provides an overview of the current approaches to the concept of facilities connectivity in the context of Sino-Russian cooperation within the framework of the “Belt and Road” initiative. The author examines the progress in the construction of transport infrastructure aimed at improving the facilities connectivity in China’s and Russia’s eastern regions over the past five years. A specific focus is made on such large-scale projects as the construction of China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor, the construction of bridges (for example, Tongjiang Railway Bridge and Heilongjiang Bridge), the construction of the Harbin-Russia International Freight Line and so on. The case of Heilongjiang Province in China is described in the article to illustrate the benefits of the “Belt and Road” initiative for regions along the border of China and Russia. Greater facilities connectivity and establishment of cross-border economic cooperation zones are expected to enhance the economic prosperity of these regions. The author proposes recommendations regarding further development of the railway and other transport connections between Russia and China and shows how these improvements could help both countries to efficiently meet the goals of the “Belt and Road” initiative and achieve mutually beneficial results.

STUDY ON Water-City Pattern strategies of ShenShan Special Cooperation Zone, China with Sponge City Construction at the Watershed Scale

STUDY ON Water-City Pattern strategies of ShenShan Special Cooperation Zone, China with Sponge City Construction at the Watershed Scale

Cooperative Relaying Based Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) With Relay Selection

In this paper, we propose a two-phase non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme with cooperative relaying. In the first phase , an access point (AP) linearly combines the signals of near-user $\mathrm U_1$ and far-user $\mathrm U_2$ and then broadcasts the superimposed signal to $\mathrm U_1$ and multiple relays. $\mathrm U_1$ tries to decode its desired data by treating the signal of $\mathrm U_2$ as interference. In a cooperative zone between AP and $\mathrm U_2$ , multiple relays try to decode the signal of $\mathrm U_2$ by decoding and canceling the signal of $\mathrm U_1$ . In the second phase , a decodable relay is selected to forward the far-user's signal and, meanwhile, if $\mathrm U_1$ fails to decode its desired signal in the first phase, it will try to decode and cancel the far-user's signal to further decode its desired signal again. We analyze the system throughput and investigate the impacts of various parameters. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme can greatly outperform the time division multiple access and the non-cooperative NOMA schemes in terms of throughput for most system settings.