Zone Of Inhibition Test Research Articles

Antibacterial thin film nanocomposite forward osmosis membranes produced by in-situ reduction of selenium nanoparticles

In this study, we present a facile method for the in-situ reduction of selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) on a thin-film composite forward osmosis (FO) membrane. As an essential nutrient, Se is superior in terms of both low off-target toxicity and application potential. Given the superiority of Se, this study explored the application of Se NPs in the field of FO membrane separation and water treatment. In this study, Se NPs were evenly distributed on the polyamide layer of thin film nanocomposite (TFN) FO membranes and were found to significantly improve the hydrophilicity of the membrane surface and reduce the zeta potential value. Moreover, the water flux increased from 14.0 L m−2 h -1 (TFC FO) to 16.6 L m−2 h -1 (1 wt% Se TFN FO), while a slight increase in the reverse salt flux was observed. The diffusion inhibition zone tests revealed distinct antibacterial effects, and the bacteriostatic rate (BR) and live and dead cell staining tests showed a high BR (100 % of 1.5 wt% Se) of the Se NP-modified membranes on both gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Thus, Se NPs as antibacterial agents offer a new option for membrane functionalization and water treatment.

The Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles in Ag/Ag2O Composites Synthesized by Oxygen Plasma Treatment of Silver Thin Films

In this work, Ag/Ag2O composites were synthesized by treating silver thin films manufactured by thermal evaporation method with oxygen plasma afterglow. In order to verify the antibacterial behavior of these composites, inhibition zone tests were realized for Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed that individual silver nanoparticles at concentrations that can be controlled by the stoichiometric ratios of the Ag/Ag2O composites, were the main factor in the inhibition of bacteria. In addition, we found that the degree of degradation of individual silver nanoparticles absorption peaks represented a suitable criterion for determining the bacterial inhibition activity of the prepared silver oxide films. The results also showed that the sample treated at 1000 watts gave the highest rate of bacterial inhibition. This research includes an attempt to correlate the bacterial inhibition activity of silver oxide thin films with the structural and spectroscopic properties of these films.

In situ preparation of porous metal-organic frameworks ZIF-8@Ag on poly-ether-ether-ketone with synergistic antibacterial activity

Poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a promising material in oral repair and orthopedic implantation field due to its stability and proper elastic modulus. However, the lack of simple but effective strategy to functionalize PEEK and improve its antibacterial function hinders its further biomedical application. In this study, a sulfonated 3D porous PEEK is fabricated via sulfonation treatment, and then decorated with the in situ synthesized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), in which Ag+ ions were loaded with high loading capacity. Surface morphology, roughness, chemical composition and hydrophilicity of all the substrates were evaluated in details, suggesting Ag+ ions loaded ZIF-8 on sulfonated PEEK (SPZA) was successfully prepared. The antibacterial activity of pristine and functionalized PEEK was evaluated by inhibition zone test, spread plate assay, growth curve, and morphology of bacteria. Experimental results demonstrate that the SPZA has effectively bacteriostatic performance against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The excellent antimicrobial activity is attributed to the synergistic effect of Ag+ and Zn2+ ions released continuously from SPZA. This work provides a promising route for surface modification of PEEK and offer a potential candidate for biomedical implants.

Efficient antibacterial polyphosphazene material with potential to prominent wound healing

Reducing the toxicity of silver-based antibacterial agents used in gels and improving their biocompatibility are of great significance in the development of wound dressings. Thus, a highly crosslinked organic–inorganic hybrid porous polyphosphazene nanospheres (PRV-HMSs) were prepared via precipitation polymerization. The structures and properties were investigated. The results indicated that PRV-HMSs have uniform particle size about 500 nm, excellent thermal stability, high silver loading (26.5 wt.%) and remarkable sustained-release properties after loading AgNO3 (up to 2 weeks). The antibacterial effects were investigated with zone of inhibition testing, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), Live/Dead bacterial staining assay and bacterial growth curve assays. The silver-loaded nanospheres have excellent bactericidal effects for E. coli or S. aureus and an average bactericidal rate of 94.02% and 94.67% in the 120 hour long-acting antibacterial test. The cytotoxicity and laser confocal immunofluorescence staining experiments indicate that the simple combination of nanospheres and agar not only give low cytotoxicity, but also significantly promote the activation of macrophages, which showing potential application in the wound dressings based on hydrogel.

UJI AKTIVITAS EKSTRAK Padina australis SEBAGAI ANTIBAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes PENYEBAB JERAWAT

The apperance of acne is a problem for many suffers because can lower confidience and shame. Many people have attempted to treat or eliminate acne, that is by antibiotic. However of antibiotic clearly has side effects, and the ultilization of natural material is the solution. One of them is Padina australis which contains flavonoid, tanin dan saponin potentially as an antibacterial. The purpose of this research is to derermne the concentration of Padina australis extract with methanol 98% which has optimal activity in improving the growth of Propionibacterium acnes based on inhibition zone test and minimum inhibitory concetration (MIC). Qualitative phytochemical test were carried out on alkoloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannin and steroids. Testing these bacteria using disc dffusion methods. MIC of Padina australis extrct used dilution method with concentrtaion of 3.75%, 7.5%, 15% and 30%. Inhibition zone test used disc diffusion method with concentrtaion of 60%, 80% and 100%. The result of phytochemical screening testing Padina australis extrct test showed that there are secondary metabolite compounds alkoloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannin and steroids. MIC test of Padina australis extrct against Propionibacterium acnes occured at a concentration of 30% and the inhibition zone test was found at concentration of 100% which was the most optimal in inhibiting with an average of the inhibition zone width 6.20 mm.

Comparaison des caractéristiques d’élution et des propriétés mécaniques des ciments osseux acryliques avec et sans revêtement superficiel par de la vancomycine (RSV) en phase tardive de polymérisation

IntroductionAntibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBCs) are used as spacers in two-stage revision arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection. We previously described a new technique applying vancomycin powder coating to custom-made cements. To our best knowledge, this method of superficial vancomycin coating (SVC) has not been assessed. We therefore performed an in-vitro study to determine: 1) whether manually applied SVC strengthened the cements’ antibiotic effect; and 2) whether the mechanical requirements for the cements were fulfilled. HypothesisSVC increases the antibiotic effect of cement within the first 24hours. MethodsCuboid blocks were produced from two commercially available acrylic ALBCs (Palacos R+G and Copal G+V) with and without SVC. Each block was eluted in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C. Eluates obtained at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60minutes and 3, 6 and 24hours were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (Palacos, Copal) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Copal) using zone of inhibition tests. Mechanical test results (bending modulus, bending strength) were compared to ISO requirements (≥1800MPa, ≥50MPa). ResultsPalacos with SVC produced significantly greater zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus than Palacos without SVC (p=0.002). Copal with SVC showed greater zones of inhibition against both Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA (p=0.002). The antibiotic effect was enhanced by SVC in both cements at every time point within 24hours. The bending modulus and bending strength of Palacos with SVC (2089±166MPa, 60.8±2.6 MPA) and Copal with SVC (2283±195MPa, 56.9±2.4MPa) were significantly above ISO requirements. ConclusionSVC boosts the antibiotic effect of ALBCs in the first 24hours, while maintaining sufficient stability. These findings endorse SVC as a promising additive in septic revision surgery. Level of evidenceIII; case control study.

Evaluation of a povidone-iodine and chitosan-based barrier teat dip in the prevention of mastitis in dairy cows

Postmilking teat dip is an important tool used to prevent mastitis in the modern dairy industry. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of a barrier teat dip containing povidone-iodine and chitosan for the prevention of mastitis. In experiment 1, we evaluated the antibacterial effects of chitosans with different molecular weights against six mastitis-causing bacteria based on the minimal inhibitory concentration test. The results showed that 50 kDa chitosan had the maximum antibacterial activity compared with 5, 150 and 350 kDa chitosans. In experiment 2, the inhibition zone test indicated that the barrier teat dip with 4.0% povidone-iodine and 1.0% chitosan had higher (P<0.05) in vitro antibacterial efficacy against most tested mastitis-causing bacteria than the barrier teat dip with 4.0% povidone-iodine and no chitosan. In experiments 3 and 4, we evaluated the efficacies of two postmilking teat dips, 1) a barrier teat dip containing 1.0% chitosan and 4.0% povidone-iodine and 2) a conventional nonbarrier product containing 10% povidone-iodine in a field trial at two commercial dairy herds (1 and 2). A 56-d split-udder experiment (experiment 3) was conducted using 47 lactating Chinese Holstein cows in herd 1. Both left teats were immersed in barrier postmilking dip, and both right teats were dipped with nonbarrier postmilking dip. During a 56-d split-herd experiment (experiment 4), a total of 139 lactating Chinese Holstein cows from herd 2 were allocated to two groups: 1) all teats of 67 cows were dipped in the nonbarrier teat dip, and 2) all teats of 72 cows were dipped in the barrier teat dip. Milk samples were collected and analyzed for somatic cell count (SCC), fat content, protein content, and fat-to-protein ratio prior to the start of sampling (0 d), and at 28 and 56 d after initiation. Bacteriological analysis was only performed on milk samples with SCC≥200 000 cells mL−1. In experiment 3, no differences (P>0.05) in SCC, somatic cell score (SCS) or other milk quality indicators were observed between nonbarrier and barrier teat dip treatment teats throughout the experiment. At the end of experiment 4, compared with nonbarrier teat dip group, a reduction (P<0.05) of 29% was observed for subclinical mastitis infection prevalence in the barrier teat dip group. In the barrier teat dip group, the subclinical mastitis infection prevalence on 56 d was lower (P<0.05) than 0 d. No differences (P>0.05) in milk qualities or clinical mastitis incidence were detected between groups. Bacteriological analysis demonstrated that the barrier product containing povidone-iodine and chitosan reduced the subclinical mastitis infection prevalence induced by mastitis pathogens. This effect was mainly due to the reductions in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia fergusonii infections. Overall, the data indicated that a barrier teat dip containing 4% povidone-iodine and 1% chitosan was more effective than 10% povidone-iodine in preventing subclinical mastitis.

Cytotoxic effect of galvanically coupled magnesium-titanium particles on Escherichia coli.

Orthopedic device-related infections (ODRIs) are difficult to control due to microbial biofilm formation and associated with high-level resistance to conventional antibiotics. In many cases, the only treatment option for ODRI is explantation. Previous studies have shown that application of cathodic potentials at the metal surface can eradicate biofilms, and Mg and Mg-Ti particles have the same effect as cathodic potentials. This study investigated the effects of Mg and Mg-Ti particles on established biofilms and planktonic cells E. coli. Bacterial cultures with developed biofilms or planktonic cells were treated with Mg or Mg-Ti particles, and the viability were assessed using flow cytometry or visual assessment methods (i.e., observation from SEM images and opacity of the solution). It was found that viability of biofilms treated with 16.67 mg/ml of Mg was 2.8 ± 0.96% at the end of 6-hr killing compared to untreated controls. This extent of killing was more significant compared to 24-hr grown biofilms treated with ofloxacin, an antibiotic known to be effective against these bacteria. Biofilms treated with 50 and 100 μg/ml of ofloxacin had 62 ± 4.6% and 52 ± 19.3% survival, respectively, where ofloxacin at these concentrations is known to kill planktonic counterparts very effectively. Inhibition zone tests revealed that biofilms within 2 mm of Mg or Mg-Ti particle clusters were effectively killed. These results demonstrated the potential of Mg or Mg-Ti particles in killing microbial biofilms and potential for controlling ODRI.

Antibacterial Evaluation of Lithium-Loaded Nanofibrous Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Membranes Fabricated via an Electrospinning Strategy.

Lithium (Li) reportedly has anti-bacterial properties. Thus, it is an ideal option to modify barrier membranes used for guided bone regeneration to inhibit the bacterial adhesion. The aims of this study were to fabricate and characterize nanofibrous poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) membranes containing Li, and investigate their antibacterial effects on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in vitro. Li (5%Li, 10%Li, and 15%Li)-loaded nanofibrous PLLA membranes were fabricated using an electrospinning technique, and characterized via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, a contact angle measuring device, and a universal testing machine. Sustained release of Li ions was measured over a 14-day period and biocompatibility of the Li-PLLA membranes was investigated. Evaluation of bacterial adhesion and antibacterial activity were conducted by bacterial colony counting, LIVE/DEAD staining and inhibition zone method using P.gingivalis and A.actinomycetemcomitans. Of the three Li-loaded membranes assessed, the 10%Li-PLLA membrane had the best mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Adhesion of both P.gingivalis and A.actinomycetemcomitans on Li-PLLA membranes was significantly lower than adhesion on pure PLLA membranes, particularly with regard to the 10%Li and 15%Li membranes. Significant antibacterial activity of Li-PLLA were also observed against according to the inhibition zone test. Given their better mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity, PLLAs with 10%Li are a better choice for future clinical utilization. The pronounced antibacterial effects of Li-loaded PLLA membranes sets the stage for further application in guided bone regeneration.

Identifikasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antimikrobia Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Fermentasi Singkong (Gatot) terhadap Bacillus cereus dan Aspergillus flavus

Gatot is a traditional food from fermented cassava. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be found in fermented cassava food, gatot. Lactic acid bacteria can produce an antimicrobial compound for inhibiting pathogen microorganism. The aim of this research were isolation and identification LAB from gatot and antimicrobial activity test against Bacillus cereus and Aspergillus flavus. Three isolates from raw gatot and three isolates from cooked gatot used in this research. Isolation of LAB was conducted using pour plate method, purification is conducted by streak plate method, the antimicrobial test was conducted by agar well diffusion and molecular identification was conducted by PCR colony method using LABFw and R16RDNA-1492bac primer. Lactic acid bacteria from cooked gatot identified as Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY04, Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY05, Enterococcus sp. FTBUAJY06, while LAB from raw gatot identified as Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY01, Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY02 dan Lactococcus lactis strain FTBUAJY03. The results obtained from the inhibition zone test showed that all isolates were able to inhibit the growth of B. cereus and A. flavus. The greatest inhibition zone against B. cereus was shown by LAB Gt5 supernatant or L. lactis supernatant strain FTBUAJY02 of 1.87 ± 0.67 cm2, while the results of the greatest inhibition zone against A. flavus was LAB Gt6 supernatant or L. lactis supernatant strain FTBUAJY03 of 3.83 ± 0.73 cm2.

Multicomponent coating in purulent wound healing: A randomised controlled experimental study

Background. Purulent wound healing is a pressing surgical challenge relevant in 30−35% of patient cases. To the more, wound infectious agents elaborate resistance to available drugs warranting the development of new drug combinations exserting a multidirectional effect on the wound process.Objective. Using a purulent wound model to experimentally evaluate the efficiency of a new multicomponent wound coating comprised of polyethylene oxide and carboxymethylcellulose sodium-immobilised dioxidine, methyluracil, metronidazole and lidocaine hydrochloride in comparison with a legal approved wound coating drug preparation of beeswax and propolis-based dioxidine ointment.Methods. The antimicrobial activity range (disk-diffusion method) and local anaesthetic effect (Rainier’s method) of the developed wound coating have been assessed. The healing process was studied in a purulent wound model with 72 Wistar rats divided between two equal groups. The following methods were applied: visual wound inspection (wound cleansing time, absence of wound-surrounding tissue oedema, granulation and epithelisation), planimetric parameter estimation (wound area, healing rate, wound area reduction ratio), wound contamination and pH measurement, wound section cell morphometry (granulocyte, macrophage, lymphocyte and fibroblast counts, cell index estimation). Daily dressings were applied for 15 days.Results. The developed wound coating exhibited high efficiency against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in the zone of inhibition tests. Its local anaesthetic effect was significantly superior to the approved drug by the duration of action. The wound area reduction was 94.2 (93.7; 94.8)% in the experimental group and 86 (84.2; 88.8)% in the control (differences statistically significant) already on day 10. A maximal healing rate in both groups was registered in phase 1 of the wound process being 1.4 times higher in experiment compared to the control. The wound contamination was significantly lower in experiment vs. control on day 8 (p = 0.0075). Wound pH negatively correlated with the fibroblast count and positively — with the contamination level.Conclusion. The study demonstrates high efficiency of the developed wound coating against infectious agents and its positive healing impact via reducing phase 1 and stimulating proliferation in phase 2 of the wound process.

Composite Coating of Graphene Oxide/TiO₂ Nanotubes/HHC-36 Antibacterial Peptide Construction and an Exploration of Its Bacteriostat and Osteogenesis Effects.

Graphene oxide (GO), a kind of polymer, is often selected as a controlled released agent, whereas titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanotubes are commonly used as a drug-coated carrier. This study was conducted to develop methods for manufacturing the GO/TiO₂/HHC-36 composite coating and exploring its bacteriostat and osteogenesis properties. The GO/TiO₂ nanotubes were prepared by electrochemical methods and HHC-36 was then adsorbed to GO/TiO₂to obtain GO/TiO₂/HHC-36. Sustained release of HHC-36 was analyzed and the antibacterial effect was examined by the inhibition zone test. The biocompatibility and osteogenesis in vitro of GO/TiO₂/HHC-36 were explored. Finally, the osteogenesic property of the composite coating was investigated in a rat femoral defect model in vivo. GO/TiO₂/HHC-36 was successfully prepared and had good controlled released performance in vitro. The inhibit zone size of S. aureus was 2.1 mm and that of E. coli was 3.0 mm. GO/TiO₂/HHC-36 showed good biocompatibility with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and promoted their adhesion, migration, and differentiation. In addition, the secretion of alkaline phosphatase, collagen, mineralized matrix and osteoblast-related nutrient factors of MSCs was increased after treatment with GO/TiO₂/HHC-36. Furthermore, GO/TiO₂/HHC-36 also stimulated endotheliocytes to secrete VEGF, leading to angiogenesis. Finally, implantation of GO/TiO₂/HHC-36 in the rat femur defect model resulted in MSC migration and increased expression of osteoblast related proteins. The composite coating with controlled released of HHC-36 showed distinct antibacterial properties and promoted osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo.

Comparison of elution characteristics and mechanical properties of acrylic bone cements with and without superficial vancomycin coating (SVC) in the late phase of polymerization

IntroductionAntibiotic-loaded bone cements (ALBCs) are used as spacers in two-stage revision arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection. We previously described a new technique applying vancomycin powder coating to custom-made cements. To our best knowledge, this method of superficial vancomycin coating (SVC) has not been assessed before. We therefore performed an in-vitro study to determine: (1) whether manually applied SVC strengthened the cements’ antibiotic effect; and (2) whether the mechanical requirements for the cements were fulfilled. HypothesisSVC increases the antibiotic effect of cement within the first 24hours. MethodsCuboid blocks were produced from two commercially available acrylic ALBCs (Palacos R+G and Copal G+V) with and without SVC. Each block was eluted in phosphate-buffered saline at 37°C. Eluates obtained at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60minutes and 3, 6 and 24hours were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (Palacos, Copal) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Copal) using zone of inhibition tests. Mechanical test results (bending modulus, bending strength) were compared to ISO requirements (≥1800MPa, ≥50MPa). ResultsPalacos with SVC produced significantly greater zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus than Palacos without SVC (p=0.002). Copal with SVC showed greater zones of inhibition against both Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA (p=0.002). The antibiotic effect was enhanced by SVC in both cements at every time point within 24hours. The bending modulus and bending strength of Palacos with SVC (2089±166MPa, 60.8±2.6 MPA) and Copal with SVC (2283±195MPa, 56.9±2.4MPa) were significantly above ISO requirements. ConclusionSVC boosts the antibiotic effect of ALBCs in the first 24hours, while maintaining sufficient stability. These findings endorse SVC as a promising additive in septic revision surgery. Level of evidenceIII; case control study.

Sunlight irradiation‐assisted green synthesis, characteristics and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized at room temperature under sunlight irradiation, using the extract of Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume (JS) leaf as a reducing agent and also stabilizers. The obtained AgNPs were thoroughly characterized by UV–Vis Spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and their antibacterial property was evaluated on five types of bacteria by implementing the minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) and the zone of inhibition test. No antibacterial activity was observed in the JS extract compared to the AgNPs; meanwhile, AgNPs exhibited effective antibacterial activity against all bacteria with an average diameter of inhibition zones of over 10.0 mm and the minimum inhibitory concentration of 33.08 µg/mL (higher inhibiting activity against gram (−) bacterial than that of gram (+) bacterial).

Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of Monodora myristica (Calabash nutmeg) seed protein hydrolysates

The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the properties (antioxidant, antibacterial and functional properties) of Monodora myristica seed protein hydrolysates. Monodora myristica protein was extracted using alkaline solubilization, followed by acid precipitation to its isoelectric point. Monodora myristica seed protein isolate was hydrolyzed using three enzymes separately (pepsin, trypsin and pancreatin). Antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging and ferrous ion (Fe2+)-chelating) were determined using standard procedures. Antibacterial activities of protein hydrolysates were done using zone of inhibition test. All protein hydrolysates of Monodora myristica had significantly high DPPH radical scavenging and Fe2+-chelating properties and were soluble over a wide pH range with more than 30% solubility. Pepsin hydrolysate had the highest foam expansion and stability of 117.4% and 98%, respectively and trypsin hydrolysate showed the lowest foam expansion and stability of 97.8% and 78.2%, respectively. Only proteins hydrolyzed with pepsin (regardless of the duration of hydrolysis) demonstrated potent antibacterial activity on test bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Proteus vulgaris). It could be deduced from this study that enzymatic hydrolysates of Monodora myristica protein has potential application among functional foods, and may be a promising source of natural antioxidants and antibacterial drugs.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI SPRAY BAU KAKI EKSTRAK KULIT JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia) DENGAN VARIASI Gelling agent TERHADAP BAKTERI Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT Sweat is produced by the apocrine glands, if infected by bacteria that play a role in the decay process will certainly produce foot odor. Some of the bacteria that cause, including Staphylococcus epidermis, Corynebacterium acne and there is one bacterium that causes pungent foot odor that is Bacillus subtilis. Bacillus subtilis enzyme leucine dehydrogenase produced the highest, resulting in isovaleric acid foot odor. Lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia) has the potential to be developed for the antibacterial active ingredient of foot odor contained in tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Spray can be effective for inhibition of feet due to water fleas or bacterial infections. The purpose of this research is to test the inhibitory zone of the preparation of foot odor spray ethanol extract of lime peel (Citrus aurantifolia) with variations of gelling agent. Bacterial inhibition zone testing on extracts of lime peel spray preparations using the disc method. This test was carried out on spray with extract concentration of 0% extract base carbopol, 0% extract base HPMC, 0.2% extract base carbopol, 0.2% extract base HPMC, 0.4% extract base carbopol, 0.4% extract base HPMC and positive control with an average inhibition zone of 9,13 mm, 9,12 mm, 11,86 mm, 11,29 mm, 13,17 mm, 12,30 mm, 8,13 mm against the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Antibacterial test results were analyzed using ONE WAY ANOVA, the results of statistical analysis on the preparation of lime peel extract showed a significant inhibition zone difference of 0.000 (P = &lt;0.05) between all concentrations. Lime peel extract spray is effective in inhibiting the bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Key words: Sweat of foot odor, Lime skin (Citrus aurantifolia), Spray, bacteri Bacillus subtilis

In-situ dual effect of Ag-Fe-TiO2 composite for the photocatalytic degradation of Ciprofloxacin in aqueous solution

Industrial waste materials such as Fly Ash (FA), Foundry Sand (FS) were used as support material by mixing them with clay to fix the catalyst. Where FA and FS served as an iron (Fe) source to induce the photo-Fenton process. The presence of Fe in FA and FS was affirmed by SEM-EDS characterization. UV-DRS was performed to analyze the bandgap of the composite which reduced from 2.96 to 2.82 eV after doping TiO2 with Ag. This composite was used to initiate photocatalysis. The fixing of catalyst on a support formed the Fe-Ag-TiO2 complex which led to the commencement of the in-situ dual process(i.e. photocatalysis and photo-Fenton) in fixed bed mode. After the optimization of several parameters such as H2O2 dose, the area covered by beads, A/V ratio, Flow rate, pH under solar irradiations for 60 min, 94.4% degradation of CIP was attained. XRD analysis was carried out to confirm the crystallographic phases of the composite anatase and rutile phases of TiO2 were present in the composite. The systematic leaching of iron took place in this process and was confirmed by iron estimation during the reaction process. To understand the elemental composition of the composite SEM-EDS was performed and the present of TiO2, Fe and Ag was affirmed. Composite beads were stable and active even after the 30 recycles as confirmed by SEM-EDS. The intermediate products were analyzed by GC-MS analysis whereas the toxicity of the treated samples was studied by the zone inhibition test.

Development of N-halamine Low-Melting Point Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fibers via Melt Spinning: Structural Characterization and Demonstration of Rechargeable Antibacterial Properties

ABSTRACT Antibacterial low-melting-point poly(ethylene terephthalate) (LMP-PET) fibers are produced via melt spinning. First, LMP-PET granules are modified by free radical graft polymerization of acrylamide (AAm), an N-halamine precursor, using a twin-screw extruder to conduct reactive melt extrusion. The modified granules are spun into fibers using a melt spinning machine. The fibers are characterized by various analytical techniques. Potent rechargeable antibacterial properties of the fibers are assessed and demonstrated by zone of inhibition test, counting bacterial colonies, and imaging of dead bacteria. It is shown that increasing AAm concentration yields to enhanced rechargeable antibacterial properties while fibers structural properties are preserved.

Quercetin as a Precursor for the Synthesis of Novel Nanoscale Cu (II) Complex as a Catalyst for Alcohol Oxidation with High Antibacterial Activity.

Quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is one of the dietary flavonoids, distributed in medicinal plants, vegetables, and fruits. Quercetin has the ability to bind with several metal ions to increase its biological activities. In the last two decades, quercetin has attracted considerable attention due to the biological and pharmaceutical activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer. In the present study, quercetin and ethanolamine were used for the synthesis Schiff base complex, which was characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The Schiff base has been employed as a ligand for the synthesis of novel nanoscale Cu (II) complex. The product was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, FESEM, and XRD. Significantly, the product showed remarkable catalytic activity towards the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols. The antibacterial activity of the final product was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram‐negative) bacteria using an inhibition zone test. The synthesized nanoscale Cu (II) complex exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

SCS-assisted preparation of magnetically soft Li and LiZnMn ferrite nanopowders with enhanced bioavailability and bioactivity suitable for use in food technology

This article provides information about the bactericidal performances of lithium ferrites nanopowders obtained via heat-treatment of amorphous products of solution combustion approach. XRD, EDX, SEM, and VSM were used to investigate morphology features, structural and magnetic parameters. The inhibition zone test with Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus citreus as the bacterial source was used to investigate the antibacterial performances. It was found that pure single-phase Li and LiZnMn ferrites with an average size of particles − 35 and 44 nm, respectively, are formed under the SCS-assisted method. The investigation of magnetic behavior indicates the magnetically soft nature of the obtained powders with moderate coercivity force (Hc) values equal to 116.1 Oe for Li-ferrite and 54.3 Oe for LiZnMn-ferrite. When studying the antibacterial activity, the inhibition zones were measured as 16-17 mm for E. coli, 15-25 mm in the case of B. cereus, and 13-16 mm for S. citreus, and the findings is the synthesized compositions are suitable for use in the agricultural sector.