High sensitivity and distinct degradation characterize the eco-geo-environment in the agro-pastoral interlocking zone in northern China. Because of its specific natural conditions and human activities, this zone is easy to change and transfer between typical agricultural and pastoral environments. Several kinds of eco-geo-environmental hazards exist in the zone, such as land desertification, climatic disasters, endemic disasters, etc. The mechanisms of these eco-geo-environmental hazards include geotectonic processes in the Earth's history, and exogenic causes, such as the East Asia monsoon and irrational human activities. Both tectonic processes and exogenic causes act on the ecologically vulnerable environment, which makes the potential eco-geo-environmental vulnerabilities real hazards.