Metal Ions Zn Research Articles

Synthesis, Physicochemical Studies and Powder X‐Ray Diffraction Analyses for New Niclosamide Metal Complexes with Significant Bioactive Behavior

AbstractThis work underlines some important features for the research on metal complexes of Niclosamide as antioxidants and antimicrobial evaluation of some of these compounds as possible therapeutic agents. Niclosamide metal complexes show a significant leap in the study of antibiotic resistance bacteria including Methicillin Resistant S.aureus (MRSA). The synthesized metal complexes of niclosamide in our current innovation are highly effective at eliminating this destructive sort of bacteria. Niclosamide metal complexes were synthesized then characterized by elemental analysis, Infra‐Red, electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility, Mass spectra and ESR spectra of Cu (II) complex to know their geometries and mode of bonding, with stoichiometry, 1 : 1 (M : L). All the Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) metal ions complexes were proposed to be with distorted octahedral geometry. Powder X‐Ray Diffraction technique is being utilized to further investigation of synthesized Niclosamide metal complexes. Expo2014 software was also employed to solve the structure of these novel complexes which proven the distortion of crystal structure. The TGA and DTA curves were employed to derive the kinetic thermodynamic parameters. The thermal decomposition of the complexes ended with the formation of divalent metal oxide, MO or trivalent, M2O3 as a final product except in case of Hg complex. The results of the antimicrobial activity of tested new metal complexes compounds exhibited potent antibacterial and antifungal activities in comparison to the Niclosamide ligand as reference. Quantum chemical parameters were estimated and provided noticeable values which completely matched with antimicrobial results that [Mn(NIC)(Cl2)(H2O)2] ⋅ 0.4H2O has higher biological activity than ligand and other novel complexes. low concentration value of MIC results by 125 μg/ml for both niclosamide (NIC) complexes [Ni(NIC)(Cl2)(H2O)2] and [Cu(NIC)(Cl2)(H2O)2] ⋅ 2.5H2O with Methicillin Resistant S.aureus (MRSA) genus maybe a valuable data used to produce novel therapeutic agent. Depending on their structure and on the source of the oxidative stress, metal complexes of Niclosamide might act as antioxidants or pro‐oxidants.

Identification of a Czc-like operon of the periodontal pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis involved in metal ion efflux

ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the role of the PGN2012 gene of the periodontitis contributing pathobiont Porphyromonas gingivalis. PGN2012 is a homolgue of TolC and is a gene our group previously showed was overexpressed in hyperinvasive cells. MethodsThe study used a combination of bioinformatics, knockout mutagenesis, growth experiments, biofilm assays and human cell invation assays to investigate PGN2012 function. ResultsBioinformatics identified that PGN2012 is part of one of four TolC containing gene loci in P. gingivalis that we predicted may encode a metal resistance RND family tripartite pump, similar to those present in other Gram-negative bacteria, but which are not well understood in anaerobic bacteria. A ΔPGN2012 deletion displayed slightly reduced growth in liquid culture but did not effect biofilm formation or human cell invasion. When metal ions were included in the medium the mutant displayed significantly increased sensitivity to the divalent metal ions Zn2+ (500 μM), Co2+ (2 mM), and Cd2+(0.1 mM) but not Cu2+. ConclusionsWe propose to rename the PGN2012-2014 genes czcCBA, which we suggest plays a role in intracellular stress resistance where zinc is often employed by host cells in antibacterial defence with implications for chronic infection in humans.

Switchable DNA Photocatalysts for Radical Polymerization Controlled by Chemical Stimuli.

Polymerization catalysts that activate in response to specific chemical triggers offer spatial and temporal control over polymer synthesis, facilitating the development of responsive materials and custom polymer coatings. However, existing catalysts switch their activity through mechanisms that are not generalizable to chemically diverse stimuli. To approach the level of control exhibited in biological polymer synthesis, switchable polymerization catalysts need to be configurable for activation in response to diverse chemical stimuli. Here, we combine synthetic photocatalysts with conformation-switching DNA aptamers to create polymerization catalysts that respond to diverse chemical stimuli. We use the secondary structure of DNA to bring a photocatalyst and quencher dye into proximity, turning off photocatalysis. The DNA structure can be precisely designed to change conformation in response to a molecular trigger, moving the photocatalyst far from the quencher and activating photocatalysis. We show these photocatalysts can initiate free-radical polymerization to form bulk hydrogels in response to complementary DNA, a metal ion (Zn2+), or small molecules (glucose and hydrocortisone). We demonstrate the biocompatibility of these switchable photocatalysts by triggering their activation on the surface of yeast cells. Finally, we perform reversible-deactivation radical polymerization through photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer in a dual-stimulus manner, in which catalytic activity is regulated reversibly by photoirradiation and the conformational state of the DNA catalyst. These results demonstrate that DNA conformational changes triggered by chemically diverse stimuli can regulate the activity of radical polymerization photocatalysts. This platform offers new capabilities in spatially and temporally controlled polymer synthesis, with potential applications in diagnostics, sensing, and environmentally responsive materials.

Metal mediated high performance antimicrobial hydrogel films for wound infection management: Zn, Cu, and Mg versus Ag and Au

Wound infection impedes wound healing and thus poses serious health risks in humans. Wound healing conventionally relies on gauze, lint, plasters, bandages, and cotton wool, with heavy doses of antibiotics in some of them. While silver-based materials have emerged as potential alternatives to antibiotics in wound care management, they are expensive (gold is an even more expensive antimicrobial agent), and their excessive use may promote silver-resistant microbial strains, and skin argyrosis. Furthermore, excessive wound exudate causes conventional wound dressings to become moistened and painful to remove due to adhesion to the wound. We present non-traditional yet high-performance hydrogel (HG)-based wound films based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and effective antibacterial metal ions (Zn2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Au3+, and Mg2+) for wound infection management. The resulting HG_Cu, HG_Zn, HG_Ag, and HG_Au films demonstrated excellent antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus, A. baumanni, and C. albicans, as well as high water absorption (213%, 169.50%, 338.62%, and 241.22%, respectively), swellability (3.21, 2.69, 4.38, and 3.41, respectively), and outstanding thermal stability. Strikingly, the Cu and Zn integrated hydrogels demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. The findings of this work thus reveal a more cost-effective, sustainable, and environmentally friendly approach to designing high-value-added wound care products.

Chemometrics approach for adsorption multi-response optimization of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) ions from phosphoric acid solution using natural clay

This study describes the elimination percentage optimization of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) heavy metal ions from a phosphoric acid solution (three-metal ions system) using a natural clay (NC). The response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD) was used to maximize the elimination percentages of these heavy metals. The natural clay was characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA-DTG, SEM, and EDX techniques. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption process of these ions in the multi-metallic mixture such as contact time (X1), temperature (X2), and mass of NC (X3) were investigated systematically by batch experiments. The fitted model indicated that the optimal conditions to simultaneously maximize the elimination percentage of these ions were 26.82 min, 16.26 °C, and 3.56 g of NC mass. Under these conditions, the numerical estimation of the elimination percentages was 71.10, 69.06, and 67.83% for Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II), respectively. Freundlich and Langmuir’s models were fitted to evaluate the equilibrium data of the heavy metal adsorption process by natural clay. According to the obtained results, it appeared that Freundlich isotherm gives a good representation of the adsorption phenomenon of Cu(II) ions, and for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Zn(II) on NC, the data shows fit both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model.

Synthesis of Gingerol-Metals Complex and in-vitro Cytotoxic Activity on Human Colon Cancer Cell Line.

Herbs are excellent sources of medicinal substances, and their curative abilities have been recognized to treat many ailments and are used for example as antioxidants, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, antipyretics, and many other medicinal uses. The properties of natural compounds and their health effects have been studied extensively, especially those that originate from plant sources such as ginger. The ginger plant contains many chemical compounds, such as 6-gingerol, which is characterized by containing active groups such as carbonyl and hydroxide, which can be attached to metal molecules. This is what was done in this study, where the formation of complexes with a group of metals was studied and their effect on cancer cells was investigated. These complexes will open new horizons for further study of medicinal uses. The synthesis of gingerol-metal complexes was carried out by conjugating gingerol molecules with Ag, Au, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn metal ions. The extracted gingerol was transferred to culture tubes and deionized water-DMSO were added followed by sonication. The tubes were incubated at 90°C for two days as well as the control sample. The samples were then filtered and the complex solutions were transferred into new tubes for further studies. Different characterization techniques such as FT-IR, UV-visspectroscopy, FESEM, and EDX are used to confirm the formation of the complexes. The in vitro of the complexes was tested by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay against the human colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 which exhibited strong cytotoxicity. The gingerol-metal complexes showed an enhancement as an anticancer agent compared to the control. The in vitro anticancer activity showed that the Ag-gingerol complex showed the most activity among the other complexes. Gingerol-metal complexes can inhibit cancer cells, noting that the potency of the complex depends on the type of metal used.

Synthesis, Physico-chemical, Spectral And Molecular Docking studies of 4-[(E)benzylideneamino]-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and Its Metal Complexes with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II)

Heterocyclic compounds like Triazoles have great medicinal value. There metal complexes have also shown a vide range of biological activity. In the present research, a triazole derived ligand, 4-[(E)-benzylideneamino]-5methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and its metal complex with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Zn(II) metal ions were prepared in solid state. The ligand and its metal complexes were characterized by elemental analysis and spectral techniques like IR spectra and UV-Visible spectra. The shift in the infrared spectral band indicates bonding of metal ion with ligand through deprotonated thiol group and imine ( C=N) Nitrogen atom. The ligand is bidentate. The IR spectral analysis also showed that a large amount of lattice water is present in Ni(II) and Co(II) complex. All the metal complexes and ligand are neutral species soluble in organic solvents like DMF and DMSO. UV-Visible spectra of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes indicate that their geometry is distorted octahedral. The molecular docking of the synthesized compounds was performed using CB Dock 2 server against 1JIJ protein derived from Staphylococcus Aureus. The vina score obtained indicates that compounds inhibits the protein and are potentially anti-bacterial

A heterocyclic N'-(4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-oxopiperidine-1-carbohydrazide Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes: Synthesis, structural characterization, thermal behavior, fluorescence properties, and biological activities

A new heterocyclic hydrazone Schiff base ligand, N'-(4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxy benzylidene)-4-oxopiperidine-1-carbohydrazide, (H2L) was derived by a condensation reaction of 4-oxopiperidine-1-carbohydrazide with 4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenz-aldehyde. The ligand reacts with chloride salts of chromium(III), manganese(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) to form metal complexes of [Cr(L)(Cl)(H2O)2], [Mn(HL)(Cl)(H2O)2], [Fe(L)(Cl)(H2O)2], [Co(HL)(Cl)(H2O)2], [Ni(HL)(Cl)(H2O)2], [Cu(HL)(Cl) (H2O)2], [Zn(L)(H2O)], respectively. The structure of the hydrazone ligand was confirmed by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques, viz., FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS spectroscopy. The newly synthesized ligand behaves as a tridentate ONO donor towards Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn metal ions. The spectral, magnetic moment, and thermal data indicate the octahedral geometry for all metal complexes except for Zn, which has tetrahedral geometry with 1:1 stoichiometry (M:L). ESR study revealed that π-bonding covalency is much stronger than the σ-bonding with axial distortion in the structure. The molar conductivity data suggested the nonelectrolytic nature of the complexes. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns suggest the nanocrystalline nature of the compounds. The SEM micrograph of the ligand significantly differs from its Ni(II) complex indicating coordination of Ni(II) ion to the ligand. The intense fluorescence emitted in the region of λExcitation 521 to 524 nm due to the functional fluorophores of the ligand and its manganese (II), chromium(III), cobalt(II), and zinc(II) complexes. Various kinetic parameters such as Ea, ∆S, ∆H, and ∆G of various decomposition steps were calculated from TGA diagrams using Coats-Redfern method and the thermal stability order was found to be Cr < Fe < Co < Mn = Cu < Zn < Ni. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the ligand and its divalent and trivalent metal complexes were performed against the various pathogens viz. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger with reference to standard antibiotics viz. ofloxacin, azithromycin, and fluconazole. All metal complexes showed promising biological activity as compared with their parent ligand and may be used as a potential antimicrobial candidate in biological science.

Synthesis, Characterization, Anti-Glycation, and Anti-Oxidant Activities of Sulfanilamide Schiff Base Metal Chelates

The current study reports synthesis, structure establishment, anti-glycation, and anti-oxidant activities of ligand 4-[(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1-ylmethylene)-amino]-benzenesulfonamide (L) and its coordination compounds with Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal ions. The analytical techniques used (UV-Vis, FT-IR, CHN/S) confirmed the bidentate nature of the ligand, coordinating via O and N atoms in 2:1 ligand-to-metal ratio. The TG/DTA anylsis displayed that these compounds are thermally stable. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-glycation and antioxidant potential and showed significant activities with IC50 values range 184.11-386.34 µM and 37.05-126.27 µM, respectively. The Mn (IC50 = 184.11 ± 2.11 µM), Ni (IC50 = 211.26 ± 1.46 µM), Cu (IC50 = 254.56 ± 1.16 µM), and Zn (IC50 = 276.43 ± 2.14 µM) metal complexes exhibited substantial anti-glycation activity and comparatively better activity than the standard rutin (IC50 = 294.4 ± 1.50 µM), whereas Zn complex (IC50 = 37.05 ± 1.53 μM) also showed better DPPH radical scavenging activity than the standard tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (IC50 = 44.7 ± 1.21 µM).

Synergistic photocatalysis of bimetal mixed ZIFs in enhancing degradation of organic pollutants: Experimental and computational studies

The present work is aimed at studying the synergistic catalysis of the bimetal ZIFs containing Co and Zn metal ions prepared by solvothermal method in the degradation of organic pollutants under ambient conditions. The bimetal mixed ZIFs were further characterized by some techniques such as XRD, SEM, TG-DTG, XPS, UV–vis, ESR, and N2-adsorption. Interestingly, the sample prepared with equal metal ions (1Zn:1Co) showed the highest catalytic performance for methylene blue (MB) degradation (94.10 %). This may be associated with the interaction between cobalt and zinc within the adjacent lattice, which make the MB molecule to be easily adsorbed and degraded on empty electron orbit. Furthermore, the highest degradation of MB was achieved with 98.83 % under the optimized conditions (catalyst weight of 50 mg, pH of 5, 3 h, 30 °C). Besides, the various substrates such as methyl orange, indole, rofloxacin, methyl blue, and tetracycline were also investigated under the same conditions. Additionally, the DFT calculation results suggested the more orbital distribution (LUMO, HOMO) of ZIF(1Zn:1Co) can result to more electrons being easily captured, and generate more radicals via electron transfer. Finally, the photocatalytic degradation of MB is consistent with the first law of kinetics, and the activation energy is 26.797 KJ/mol in the presence of ZIF(1Zn:1Co).

Blue fluorescent Zinc(II) complexes bearing schiff base ligand for solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes with CIEy ≤ 0.09

Inspired by the blue fluorescent feature of metal schiff-base complexes, we have been successfully synthesized the blue fluorescent Zn(II) complexes (Zn-1 and Zn-2) bearing pyrazolone based azomethine ligands. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these complexes have been investigated by several techniques in detail. Both complexes showed the emission in blue region and exhibited a good thermal stability. The single crystal X-ray structure analysis were performed to explicate their coordination adjustment around the Zn(II) metal ion. DFT and TDDFT methods performed to understand the involvement of metal ions and Schiff base ligand in the formation of frontier orbitals. For application in organic light emitting diodes, electroluminescent devices were fabricated by using simple solution-processed fabrication method. The best performance was observed at a low turn-on voltage of 3.5 V with a maximum external quantum efficacy of 3.2% for a deep-blue emission at a CIEy of 0.09.

Transition metal complexes of imidazole derived Schiff bases: Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory/antimicrobial/enzyme inhibition and cytotoxicity properties

A flexible class of Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes were prepared with a novel Schiff base ligand containing imidazole moiety. The synthesized compounds were taken for structural characterizations such as elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectra, thermogravimetric investigation, magnetic susceptibility, and conductivity estimations. The coordination building of Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes were found as octahedral and tetrahedral where Ni(II) and Zn(II) metal ions were composed by a nitrogen atom of the azomethine, imidazole ring, and oxygen atom of acetate derivative. All of the synthesized compounds were tried for their biochemical properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activities, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxicity. The antioxidant activity of designed compounds was screened by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) technique and all the Schiff base ligand and some of its Ni(II)/Zn(II) complexes showed close antioxidant activities against the standards (BHA, BHT, and ascorbic acid). Anti-inflammatory activity was estimated by the in-vitro human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization method, the Zn(II) complexes exhibited more activity for inflammation compared with Diclofenac, which is used as a standard drug. The in-vitro antimicrobial movement of synthesized compounds have been examined in microorganisms like Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterobacter cloacae, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans by agar disk diffusion method. Nystatin and Ciprofloxacin were selected as reference drugs. Enzyme inhibitions of the Schiff bases and their metal complexes were investigated using α-amylase and the best inhibition value (Ki) was observed for the Ni(II)/Zn(II) complex of 4-[(5-methyl-3H-imidazole-4-ylmethylene)-amino]-2-nitro-phenol (MINPN/MINPZ) (0.022/0.020 mM) with Acarbose as standard compound. The cytotoxic behavior of synthesized compounds was evaluated against cancer cell lines: DLA cells (Trypan blue exclusion method) and HepG2 cells (MTT assay) and determined the cell viability of the respective human cell, H9c2 via MTT assay. Encouragingly, most of the compounds are generally non-toxic, to the human cells, H9c2.

CaO ADSORBENT FOR REDUCING METAL CONTENT OF Fe, Mn, AND Zn FROM PET-SET WASTE-WATER

Primary Effluent Treatment-Secondary Effluent Treatment (PET-SET) is refinery waste-water. PET-SET waste contains hazardous substances, namely Fe, Mn and Zn metal ions. The novelty of this research is that it looks at the CaO adsorbent to reduce the metal content of Fe, Mn, and Zn from PET-SET Waste-water. This research’s aimed to reduce the metal content of Fe, Mn, and Zn using CaO adsorbent. CaO was prepared from the golden snail shell by previous researchers. Concentration of Fe, Mn, and Zn from PET-SET waste before treatment were 8.6 mg/L, 8.52 mg/L and 9.28 mg/L. This research was conducted through the adsorption method by variating the adsorbent mass and contact time to determine the optimum condition in the absorption of Fe, Mn, and Zn metal ions that analyzed using the ICP-OES instrument. This instrument was quite well used for multielement analysis. In this study, CaO was applied to adsorb previously treated PET-SET waste samples which previous reasearcher used CaO from golden snail shell as a catalyst for transesterification reaction. It was reported that the optimum condition to absorb Fe, Mn, and Zn metal ions was 0.2 g for 20 minutes with an absorption effectiveness of 100% .

Phenoxy-Amidine Ligands: Toward Lactic Acid-Tolerant Catalysts for Lactide Ring-Opening Polymerization

The replacement of the imine functionality in the ubiquitous phenoxy-imine (FI) ligands by a more robust and donor N,N,N′-trisubstituted amidine function was examined and gave rise to the synthesis of five new phenoxy-amidine (FA) ligands (L1–L5). The solid-state structure of four proligands has been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and showed that the amidine moiety is in a trans-configuration. The reaction of the phenol-amidine proligands with AlMe3 afforded mononuclear (L1–L5)AlMe2 (1a–5a). A similar alkane elimination route was used from ZnEt2 and led to dinuclear [(L1–L5)ZnEt]2 complexes (1b–5b) or to homoleptic (L2/L4)2Zn complexes (2b′, 4b′) depending on the metal/ligand ratio used. The structure of these complexes has been determined by NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, HMBC, HSQC, DOSY, and NOESY experiments) and X-ray diffraction study for seven of them. The crystal structure of the Al complexes showed FA ligands coordinated in a chelate fashion via the O atom of the aryloxy group and the imino-N atom, indicating that the amidine function has undergone trans–cis isomerization upon coordination. A similar chelating coordination mode was observed for the FA ligands with Zn metal ions. These complexes were used as initiators for the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. FA–Zn complexes gave the best performance, affording polylactic acid with a narrow molecular weight distribution and heterotactic bias (Pr up to 0.75). Remarkably, some of these complexes were able to tolerate the presence of a large amount of lactic acid to the point of using it as a co-initiator during the polymerization reaction.

One-step supramolecular construction of Lewis pair poly(ionic liquids) for atmospheric CO2 conversion to cyclic carbonates

Lewis pair catalyst is considered to be a cutting-edge tool for the low-energy activation and subsequent conversion of CO2, which, yet suffers from complex preparation and unclear design strategy. This work proposes a one-step strategy for precisely constructing Lewis pair heterogeneous catalysts through the coordination of amino-functionalized poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) and metal cations for atmospheric CO2 conversion to cyclic carbonates. Self-tunability in the strength and ratio of Lewis acidic/basic sites is imparted by the facile regulation of the type/content of metal ions (Zn2+/Co2+/Cu2+), which is crucial for promoting acid/base cooperation in CO2 cycloaddition. The synergy of M2+, Br- and C-2 proton on imidazolium ring with an optimum acid/base molar ratio of ca. 1.47 has been proved to activate CO2 and epoxides synchronously, inducing a promising catalytic activity with high yield (∼95 %) and selectivity (>99 %) of cyclic carbonates under atmospheric pressure and low temperature (≤75 °C) without cocatalyst.

Genome-wide identification of the ZIP gene family in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and expression analysis under different element stress.

The ZIP protein (ZRT, the IRT-like protein) is an important metal transporter that transports Zn, Fe, and other divalent metal ions in plants. In this study, we identified 20 ZIP genes in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). We used bioinformatics methods and renamed them according to their E value in hmmsearch. We also analyzed their gene structure, chromosomal location, constructed a phylogenetic tree, conserved motifs, performed synonymous analysis and responses to abiotic stresses. The results show that these LsZIP genes have 3–11 exons and were distributed unequally on 8 of the 9 chromosomes in lettuce. Based on phylogenetic analyses, the LsZIP gene family can be divided into three subfamilies, and the LsZIP genes within the same subfamily shared similar gene structure. The LsZIP genes contain 12 Motifs, of which Motif1 to Motif8 are widely distributed in group Ⅰ. Furthermore, the LsZIP gene contains numerous hormones and anti-stress response elements. Real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated that most LsZIP genes is up-regulated under the elemental stress in this experiment, indicating that they are positively regulated. But different elemental stressors can induce the expression of LsZIP gene to varying degrees. The LsZIP genes also change in response to different elemental stresses. The present study serves as a basic foundation for future functional studies on the lettuce ZIP family.

Effects of metal ions on cyanocobalamin stability in heated milk protein‐based matrices

SummaryLosses of vitamin B12 during the processing and/or storage of foods and supplements have been associated with both reducing and oxidising agents. We evaluated the effects of six redox active (Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Ce3+, and Cr6+) and one redox inactive (Zn2+) metal ions on cyanocobalamin stability in heat‐treated, milk protein‐based matrices. The metal ion could either decrease (by ≤76%) or increase (by ≤56%) cyanocobalamin loss, depending on metal ion concentration and redox potential, as well as on matrix properties (metal ion binding, redox activity, and reactive oxygen species generation) and on protein properties (cysteine content, conformation, and charge density). The largest losses of cyanocobalamin appeared to be caused by redox cycling mechanisms (for Cu2+ and Fe2+); however, indications were that such losses could be mitigated by metal ion modification of the matrix. Only the redox inactive metal ion Zn2+ inhibited cyanocobalamin loss in all experimentally evaluated matrices.

Use of Monocalcium Phosphate Monohydrate for Chemical Immobilization of Heavy Metals Ions in Copper Smelting Slags

Monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) with chemical formula of Ca(H2PO4)2.H2O is a water-soluble and powerful agent for metal ion immobilization (removal) in soil and water. The use of MCPM can, therefore, be considered as an innovative and effective way to remove the leachable heavy metals from copper smelting slag. This study aims to (1) characterize copper smelting slag and perform the batch precipitation tests using MCPM, (2) analyze the treated copper smelting slag (residue) by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and (3) elucidate the mechanism of MCPM on leachable heavy metal removal from slag.The experimental results demonstrated that MCPM effectively removes Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn metal ions from copper smelting slag under different MCPM concentrations and reaction times. In addition, the XRD analysis reveals the formation of insoluble metal phosphates such as Cd3(PO4)2, Cu2(PO4)2OH, Fe3(PO4)2, Mn3(PO4)2, Pb3(PO4)2 and Zn3(PO4)2 in the residue of copper smelting slag.

Rapid adsorption of some heavy metals using extracted chitosan anchored with new aldehyde to form a schiff base.

A new aldehyde 2,2’-[propane-1,3-diylbis(oxy)] dibenzaldehyde was synthesized from refluxing 2-hydroxy acetophenone and 2-hydroxy 1,3-dichloropropanean in an alcoholic medium. The compositions and properties of the new aldehyde compound were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. The extracted chitosan was made to react with a new aldehyde to form a Schiff base by a suitable method. The effects of initial concentration of metal ions, exposure time, imine weight, and pH on the adsorption of Cu(II), Cr(III), and Zn(II) metal ions were examined. An adsorption batch experiment was conducted. The adsorption process followed a second-order reaction and Langmuir model with qe 25 mg/g, 121 mg/g, and 26.31 mg/g for Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cr(III) respectively. The Gibbs free energy showed a negative value and the adsorption/desorption tests provided a high value 5 times.

Template synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of d10 (Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+) Schiff base complexes: A novel supramolecular Cd2+ complex with two 1D helical chains, and its Hirshfeld surface analysis

Three new macroacyclic Schiff base complexes were prepared via condensation of N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-aminoethyl) ethylenediamine hydrobromide with 5-bromo salicylaldehyde in the presence of metal ions (Zn2+, Cd2+, Hg2+) as template agents. The compounds were studied with elemental analysis, FT-IR, and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the Cd(II) complex, [Cd(H2L)] .2H2O (1), (H4L = N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(5-bromo salicylidene) N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-aminoethyl) ethylenediamine), was determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that 1 crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c. Intermolecular O–H⋯O and C–H⋯Br hydrogen bonds linked [Cd(H2L)] monomers to a 2D network structure along the ac plane. The Br⋯Br halogen bonding interactions further expand the structure and construct a 3D supramolecular network with 1D right-handed and left-handed helical chains along the b axis in a 1:1 ratio. Furthermore, 1 is self-assembled through hydrogen bonding between the lattice water molecules with the phenolic oxygen atoms and phenolato oxygen atoms to form a 1D helical chain perpendicular to bc plane. The impact of the intermolecular contacts on the crystal packing of 1 has been further studied using Hirshfeld surface analysis and corresponding 2D fingerprint plots. Antibacterial activities of the compounds were screened by the disc diffusion method against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 23212 and S. epidermidis ATCC 34384), and three Gram-negative bacteria (Eschericha coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 70063). All compounds demonstrated good antibacterial activities, and in three cases, the antibacterial activity of the Hg(II) complex exceeded the one of sulfisoxazole used as a standard.