Zirconia System Research Articles

Revisiting the validity of the ‘Garvie criterion’ for the stabilization of doped tetragonal zirconia systems

Revisiting the validity of the ‘Garvie criterion’ for the stabilization of doped tetragonal zirconia systems

Attaining translucency in binder/additive-free, nanograined, tetragonal 1.5 mol.% yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics

In the quest of minimum yttria content to stabilize tetragonal zirconia system, we report the synthesis of ultrafine (∼9 nm), near-spherical, phase-pure tetragonal 1.5 mol.% yttria-stabilized zirconia (1.5YSZ) nanoparticles. The pressureless sintering process (at 1100 °C) involved of 1.5YSZ nanopowders (without any slurry processing) and did not need any binders, additives, or sintering aid to attain high-density (>98.5%) and refined grain size (∼50 nm) for the consolidated fully tetragonal 1.5YSZ nanoceramics. A promising transmittance value of 46% (at 630 nm) was obtained, making it comparable/higher in optical properties with respect to the transmittance values of existing 3 mol.% yttria-doped ZrO2 compositions. This result is credited to our synthesized phase-pure (validated via X-ray Diffraction and Raman analysis) near-spherical nanoparticles with improved tetragonality (c/a ratio = 1.439, obtained via Rietveld analysis) that paved the way for low-temperature conventional sintering for possible large-scale industrial applications.

Remarkable dye adsorption capabilities in CaO-Doped-Zirconia systems

The realm of dye adsorption involving zirconia systems remains an untapped frontier, awaiting the unveiling of its complete prowess. The present work investigates the adsorption potentials of CaO-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles with varying doping of CaO (0, 7, 10, and 16 mol.%). With the highest adsorption capacity (of 760 mg/g) reported ever for any zirconia system, the 16 mol.% CaO-doped ZrO2 (16CaSZ) ultrafine nanoparticles portrayed fastest kinetics of dye (Congo red) removal. Along with effect of different pHs (in the presence of different anions such as Cl-, NO3–, SO42- and the mixture of them), a simulated wastewater (comprising urea, different salts, dye, sand, grass, engine oil etc.) was made to examine the efficacy of our nano-adsorbent. The 16CaSZ nanoparticles depicted excellent adsorption (∼99 %) in simulated industrial effluent and duplicated the same performance for pHs ranging from 2 to 10. Multitude of factors (e.g., phase-pure cubicity, highest oxygen vacancy content, pronounced surface area etc.) were credited for this chemisorption-based (R-SO3- interactions, as revealed by the structural and spectroscopic investigations on the post-adsorption products) remarkable adsorption process.

Investigation of the Role of Zirconia and Zirconia-containing Systems as Catalysts in Organic Transformations

Abstract: This review article discusses the applications of zirconia as a catalyst to promote various organic reactions and transformations. The article is subdivided into four main parts: 1) introduction, which consists of the history and introduction of zirconia, elaboration of its synthetic procedures, its application in various fields of science and technology with specified examples, and previously published review articles on ZrO2; 2) applications of sole zirconia and zirconia-based catalytic systems to promote various organic transformations, subdivided into oxidation reactions, hydrolysis and methanation reactions, reduction and hydrogenation reactions, furfural and synthesis of its derivatives, and miscellaneous reactions; 3) applications of sole zirconia and nano-sized ZrO2 to catalyze organic reactions and MCRs, classified as two-component reactions, three-component reactions (by a glance at pseudo 3-CRs), and four-component reactions (by a glance at pseudo 4-CRs); and 4) applications of zirconia-containing catalytic systems to catalyze organic transformations and MCRs classified as twocomponent reactions, three-component reactions, and four-component and higher-component reactions. According to investigations, some of the zirconia-based catalysts exist in nano-sized systems. Moreover, the literature survey contains publications up to the end of July 2023.

Evaluation of Shade Reproducibility and Mechanical Properties of Preshaded and Manually Shaded Monolithic Zirconia.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of manual coloring of blank monolithic zirconia blocks of four materials on their shade reproducibility, flexural strength, and surface roughness as compared with preshaded blocks of the same material. Eight disc-shaped specimens (diameter=12mm; height=2mm) and eight bar-shaped specimens (25×2×2 mm) were milled from the shaded and non-shaded blocks of the four zirconia systems: Ceramill, Kerox, White Peaks, and Dental Direkt. In total, 128 specimens were fabricated. The non-shaded specimens of each system were coloured according to A2 shade. The surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a contact profilometer. Color difference was calculated according to the CIEDE2000 formula. The bar-shaped specimens were loaded to fracture following three-point bend testing at 1 mm/minute crosshead speed. Data were analysed following one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Tukey post-hoc test (p=0.05). Manual-coloring affected the surface roughness, color difference, and flexural strength of three materials in comparison to their preshaded blocks (p<0.05). White Peaks was not affected (p>0.05). Ra values ranged from 1.1-1.9; three materials were not affected (p>0.05). Kerox preshaded blocks were the smoothest (p<0.05) but became the roughest once colored (p<0.05). White Peaks and Dental Direkt materials had preshaded blocks matching the A2 guide-tab (p>0.05). DE was perceptible and unacceptable for the preshaded and manually shaded blocks of all materials tested (ΔE>1.8). While manual coloring reduced flexural strength of Ceramill and Dental Direkt (p<0.05), flexural strength was retained by Kerox and White Peaks (p>0.05). White Peaks was not affected by the coloring technique. Coloring had negative effects on Ceramill flexural strength and color reproducibility.

Conductivity Increase As a Result of the Disappearance of Short-Range Ordering in a Scandia-Zirconia Electrolyte

Solid oxide cell electrolytes and structures have been greatly optimised to offer high performance and good durability for commercial implementation. This has highlighted an underlying issue where the slow, long-term conductivity degradation in the generally used fluorite structured oxide-ion conducting doped zirconias known to be related to reorganisation of their defect short-range structures. Among the doped zirconia systems, scandia stabilised zirconia (SSZ) gives the highest ionic conductivity due to the smallest mismatch between the dopant and host cations. However, owing to these similar and small sizes, the system is more prone to defect short-range ordering. This leads to a complex phase diagram of the Sc2O3-ZrO2 system and, depending on the composition, its ionic conductivity ages more significantly than other zirconia systems on high temperature annealing. Here, we report a magnesia and india co-doped scandia stabilised zirconia (IMSSZ) composition that offers high ionic conductivity, 0.14 at 850 ℃ and 0.4 at 1000 ℃, improved phase stability in both macro- and micro scales, and long-term conductivity stability. The conductivity after annealing the sample at 850 ℃, for different times, 0 (as-sintered), 167 and 426 hours, is correlated to the microdomain structural evolution. We show the initial of conductivity increase over time as a result of eliminating the defect short-range ordering using electron diffraction and powder neutron diffraction, resulting in a long-term stable disordered structure with improved conductivity. We will discuss here the thermodynamic driving forces for the breakdown of defect short-range ordering, and how right co-dopant sizes may play a role. Figure 1

Smart Biomaterials: An Evolving Paradigm in Dentistry.

According to definition and general agreement, smart materials have properties that can be altered in a controlled fashion by stimuli including stress, temperature, moisture, pH, and electric or magnetic fields. Various recent materials in materials science are in working order, meaning they must achieve their tasks and should go through intentional modification. Smart materials change one or more of their characteristics in response to inputs. They can be called as responsive materials. As these materials have been available for so long, they are used for a wide range of purposes. These qualities have useful applications in many different industries, including dentistry. Zirconia, shape-memory alloys, and SmartSeal obturation system (Prosmart-DRFP Ltd., Stamford, United Kingdom) are a few examples of dental materials with intelligent behavior. The creation of novel materials is a major trend in materials science. These materials might make it possible to develop cutting-edge dental therapies with vastly improved clinical results. This article reviews the following: nickel-titanium smart alloy, smart composites, self-healing composites, smart ceramics, glass ionomer cement as a smart material, SmartSeal obturation system, and smart coatings for dental implants. We can better understand these biosmart materials with the aid of this review. The development of these newer and superior smart materials makes the outcome of the treatment far better for both the operator and the patient.

A relationship of porosity and mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered scandia stabilized zirconia thermal barrier coating

Porous ceramic materials are popularly accepted as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) in insulating gas turbine parts working at high temperatures. In this research, three different types of Scandia stabilized zirconia (ScSZ) systems, a nanometric 10 mol% ScSZ (10-ScSZ), a micrometric 8 mol% ScSZ (8-ScSZ) and a combination of these two powders (10-8-ScSZ) have been developed by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) process. Varying SPS parameters, for instance, temperature, pressure and dwell time were applied to develop the different volumes of porosity in the materials. Subsequently, the microstructure of the materials has been studied and mechanical properties have been evaluated. All three materials demonstrate a reduced porosity level at high sintering temperature and pressure. However, the nanometric 10-ScSZ material shows a higher reduction of porosity from 51.8% to 11.1% at 30 MPa pressure and 40.2%–8.5% at 60 MPa pressure within the temperature range of 1000–1200 °C. Besides, the 10-8-ScSZ composite exhibits substantially increased porosity in comparison to its constituent parts. The results also show that the nanometric 10-ScSZ material exhibits a greater mechanical strength including Vickers microhardness of 81 HV, flexural strength of 361 MPa and elastic modulus of 187 GPa at 5% porosity level, as compared to the other two materials. Additionally, it is observed that all the mechanical properties for all three materials consistently decrease with the increase in porosity levels. While compared with the traditional atmospheric plasma spray (APS) processed ceramic coating, the porous ScSZ coating materials exhibit a larger elastic modulus. Therefore, the porous ScSZ developed by the SPS process could be a prospective alternative thermal barrier coating (TBC).

Manipulation of ZrO2/CaZrO3 fibrous membrane with high thermal stability and NIR reflectivity

AbstractGrain size control is an important aspect to manipulate the microstructure and high temperature stability of ceramic fibers. In the present work, phase competition mechanism was proposed to regulate the grain size of ZrO2/CaZrO3 composite fibers. Calcium precursor with different molar ratio of Ca/Zr was introduced to the zirconia system not only for phase stabilization of ZrO2 but also for phase competition between solid‐solution CaxZr1‐xO2‐x and new phase CaZrO3. Effects of Ca/Zr molar ratio on the thermal pyrolysis, crystallization, solid reaction of precursor fibers were fully explored. The change of grain size of fibers with various Ca/Zr molar ratio was characterized and discussed. Furthermore, the near‐infrared reflectivity and high‐temperature stability of fibrous membranes were also presented. The results indicated that ZrO2/CaZrO3 fibrous membrane has promising applications in high‐temperature for the excellent thermal stability and high near infrared (NIR) reflectivity.

Influence of Layer and Sintering Temperature on the Optical Properties of Multilayered Zirconia Materials.

To evaluate the translucency and color difference of the individual layers of two multi-layered zirconia materials at different sintering temperatures and to compare them with lithium disilicate. Multi-layered zirconia systems with four distinct layers were selected for this study: DD cube ONE ML (4Y-TZP), DD cubeX2 ML (5Y-TZP); and compared with IPS e.max CAD HT (LS2). Plate-shaped A2-shade specimens were obtained from LS2 and individual layers of both zirconia materials. Individual layers were then divided equally into three different sintering temperatures:1300°C, 1450°C, and 1600°C. The TP and ΔE were determined by a spectrophotometer. SEM images were taken. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software with a p-value ⟨0.05. A significant difference was found in TP and ΔE values amongst all types of ceramic materials. Different sintering temperatures yielded distinct TP and ΔE values when both zirconia materials were tested and compared with LS2. Finally, TP and ΔE values were different amongst the zirconia layers. Sintering temperature, type of ceramic material and different zirconia layers significantly affected the optical properties. Multi-layered zirconia materials possess a unique gradient effect that could efficiently enhance the esthetics of monolithic zirconia restorations. However, the sintering condition should be optimized.

Influence of Finishing Procedures on Surface Roughness and Biaxial Flexural Strength of High-translucent 4Y-PSZ, 5Y-PSZ, and 6Y-PSZ Monolithic Zirconia

Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of glazing, polishing and polishing with a polishing paste of newly developed highly translucent materials on the flexural strength of these materials and aims to illuminate where there is not much study yet on the finishing procedures to be done.&#x0D; Methods: Three different high translucency Y-PSZ (Yittria partially stabilized zirconia): KST (Katana STML), KUT (Katana UTML), NCQ (Nacera Pearl Q3 Multi-Shade) and one translucent 3Y-TZP (3-yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystalline): NCMS (Nacera Pearl Multi-Shade) zirconia system were used. A total of 120 specimens were prepared in the form of discs with a diameter of 14 mm and dimensions of 1.2 ± 0.2&#x0D; mm. Three experimental groups (n = 30) were formed from each type of material, using three finishing protocols: Diamond Polishing system (DP); Diamond Polishing system followed by Polishing Paste (PP); Glaze Application (GP). Surface Roughness (Ra) was measured by using a contact profilometer, and a biaxial flexural strength test was applied to determine their flexural strength. The obtained data were analyzed using the Weibull distribution. All results were evaluated statistically.&#x0D; Results: For Ra values, there was a statistical difference between all the procedures applied in the KST material as in the NCQ material. However, there was no statistical difference between GP and PP procedures in Ra values in the NCMS material and between DP and PP procedures in the KUT material. The characteristic strengths of DP applied to NCMS and NCQ material, PP applied to KST, and KUT material had the highest value. The highest m values for DP were determined in KST, NCMS, NCQ materials, while in KUT material, PP was determined in the finishing procedure.&#x0D; Conclusion: Finishing procedures have significant effects on surface roughness and flexural strength values for translucent zirconia materials. The lowest Ra value and the highest flexural strength were found in the DP group of NCMS. In KST and KUT materials, the highest flexural strength results were found in the PP procedure while NCQ was not affected by finishing procedures.

The Effect of Sintering Temperature on Vickers Microhardness and Flexural Strength of Translucent Multi-Layered Zirconia Dental Materials

This study evaluated the effects of the sintering temperature on Vickers microhardness and three-point flexural strength values of two multi-layered zirconia materials. Multi-layered zirconia systems with four distinct layers were selected: DD cube ONE ML (4Y-TZP) and DD cubeX2 ML (5Y-TZP). In total, 96 plate-shaped A2-shade specimens were obtained using individual layers of these two zirconia materials. The individual layers were then divided equally into batches with three different sintering temperatures (1300, 1450, and 1600 °C), and the Vickers microhardness was assessed. Another group of 72 bar-shaped specimens was prepared from the same materials. These were similarly divided into three different sintering temperatures, and the flexural strength was assessed. SEM was used to conduct fractographic analyses. The data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 software with a p-value &lt; 0.05. The microhardness and flexural strength of 4Y-TZP were higher than those of the 5Y-TZP at all the sintering temperatures. A significant difference was found in the microhardness and flexural strength values between groups sintered at different sintering temperatures (p &lt; 0.05). The highest microhardness and flexural strength values were found at 1450 °C (p &lt; 0.05). The microhardness values of different layers were not significantly different (p &gt; 0.05). The sintering temperature and type of ceramic material significantly affected the microhardness and flexural strength. However, the layers did not significantly affect the microhardness.

Evaluation of Flexural Strength of different all-ceramic porcelain systems

ABSTRACT Statement of problem protective and restorative dentistry's basic function is to protect the continuity and integrity of the tissues and to restore function, phonation, and esthetics lost due to any cause. The success of dental ceramics is affected by flexural strength, but little data are available on their clinical performance. Purpose: This study evaluated the flexural strength of the İn-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, and Finesse press all-ceramic porcelain systems. The success of dental porcelains is partly related to their flexural strength. The values of flexural strength of three porcelain Systems were measured to include In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, and Finesse press all ceramic porcelain systems. Material and methods: The flexural strengths of the three porcelain systems were determined by employing the method ISO specification 6872. For the statistical evaluations of the flexure strength values, Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used. Results: When the flexural strengths of In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, and Finesse groups were compared, the differences were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The highest flexural strength was observed for In-Ceram Zirconia, followed by In-Ceram Alumina and Finesse porcelain system. Clinical implications: In this in vitro study, In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, and Finesse all-ceramic systems were compared concerning flexural strength. The differences between the groups are significant (p&amp;lt;0.05).

Using Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction for phase determination in ferroelectric mixed Hf1−xZrxO2-based layers

The discovery of ferroelectric properties in the doped HfO2 and mixed Hf1−xZrxO2 systems made precise phase determination very important. However, due to the similarities of the diffraction peaks between the tetragonal and the orthorhombic phases, the discrimination of these two critical phases by x-ray diffraction remains challenging. This work introduces Raman spectroscopy as a structural characterization method to unambiguously identify phases by comparing experimental data with density functional simulation results for the mixed hafnia–zirconia system in the complete composition range. Raman modes for the non-polar monoclinic and tetragonal phases are presented in comparison to those of the polar orthorhombic phase. Changes in phonon mode frequencies in the hafnia–zirconia system with Hf/Zr composition are related to the appearance of ferroelectric properties.

Fishery waste valorization: Sulfated ZrO2 as a heterogeneous catalyst for chitin and chitosan depolymerization.

Chitin and chitosan are abundant unique sources of biologically-fixed nitrogen mainly derived from residues of the fishery productive chain. Their high potential as nitrogen-based highly added-value platform molecules is still largely unexploited and a catalytic way for their valorization would be strongly desirable within a biorefinery concept. Here we report our results obtained with a series of heterogeneous catalysts in the depolymerization of chitosan and chitin to acetylglucosamine. Copper catalysts supported on SiO2, SiO2-Al2O3, SiO2-ZrO2, ZrO2 and the corresponding bare oxides/mixed oxides were tested, together with a sulfated zirconia system (ZrO2-SO3H) that revealed to be extremely selective towards glucosamine, both for chitosan and chitin, thus giving pretty high yields with respect to the values reported so far (44% and 21%, respectively). The use of a heterogeneous catalyst alone, without the need of any additives or the combination with a mineral acid, makes these results remarkable.

Interphase mechanical behaviors of nickel/yttria-stabilized zirconia cermets: A study by nanoindentation and molecular dynamics simulations

The metal/ceramic interface is of great importance in a variety of basic science research and technological applications. In this paper, the interphase mechanical behaviors of the nickel/yttria-stabilized zirconia (Ni/YSZ) system serving as an anode material in solid oxide fuel cells are investigated by nanoindentation experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The experimental results indicate that the interface effect can greatly enhance the Young's modulus and hardness of Ni near Ni/YSZ interface, while a reduction is observed in the aforementioned mechanical properties of YSZ near the interface. In addition, the change in the mechanical properties and the affected region of the YSZ component due to the interface effect are both much larger than those of its Ni counterpart. Our MD simulation results reveal that the different effects of Ni/YSZ interface on the mechanical properties of Ni and YSZ near the interface can be ascribed to different transport capabilities of deformations generated in these two components across the interface. Based on MD simulation results, an interface barrier model and a model considering the structural compliance are proposed here for theoretically predicting the interphase hardness and Young's modulus of the Ni/YSZ system.

Comparación de la adaptación marginal y microfiltración entre dos sistemas de zirconia, con un mismo medio cementante

Objetivo: Comparar la adaptación marginal y microfiltración de las cofías Lava™ y Zirkon zahn® con un mismo medio cementante. Materiales y Métodos: Veinte premolares superiores extraídos fueron divididos en dos grupos. Un grupo fue preparado para recibir cofías de Lava™ y el otro para Zirkon zahn®. Las cofías fueron elaboradas siguiendo los estándares de cada sistema. Fue medida la adaptación marginal en micras en ocho zonas antes y después de ser cementadas con RelyX™ U100. Después de termocicladas las muestras fueron embebidas en fushina al 2% y seccionadas bucopalatino, para medir la microfiltración en micras en cada sección tanto en vestibular como en palatino. Resultados: Existió una diferencia estadística significativa en la adaptación marginal entre los dos sistemas de zirconia. El sistema que reportó mejor adaptación fue Lava™ con valores de 19.7µm antes de cementar y 15.0µm después de cementar, el sistema con menor adaptación marginal fue Zirkon zahn® con valores de 28.1µm antes de cementar y 22.8µm después de cementar. No hubo una diferencia significativa en la microfiltración, el promedio para Lava™ fue de 314.2µm y de Zirkon zahn® de 319.8µm. Conclusión: El sistema que reportó mejor ajuste marginal, con una diferencia estadística significativa, fue Lava™, por lo que el sistema con menor ajuste marginal fue Zirkon zahn®, sin embargo no hubo diferencia significativa en la microfiltración entre estos sistemas.

EVALUATION OF MARGINAL ADAPTATION AND MICROLEAKAGE OF DIFFERANT ALL-CERAMIC PORCELAIN SYSTEMS

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study evaluated the marginal adaptation and microleakage of the İn-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia and Finesse press all-ceramic porcelain systems. Material and methods: Thirty maxillary Central teeth extracted for periodontal reasons without caries and cracks were divided equally into three group and there was no control group; only the three systems were compared. Sample teeth cemented were stored in distile water for 24 hours. Then, they were applied to a repeated thermal cycle for 500 times. The samples were left in %5 of basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours. For the marginal adaptation rankings, all of the sample teeth for which cross-sections were made were moved into the metal microscope (Scherr Turico St. James/ Minn./ USA) and the marginal adaptation degrees were measured in both the palatinal and vestibul regions by measuring twice with x10 enlargement at micron level. For the statistical evaluations of marginal adaptation and microleakage values, Kruskal Wallis test has been used (p&amp;gt;0.05). Results: The differences between the three all-ceramic porcelain systems are not significant (p&amp;gt;0.05), α=0.05). Conclusion: The Finesse porcelain system caused the least leakage in both regions. In second place in both regions was In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia caused the most leakage in both regions. The biggest margin gap in the palatal region was seen in the Finesse porcelain system, In-Ceram Zirconia in second place. The least marginal gap was caused by the In- Ceram Alumina porcelain system.

Digital Tools for Translucence Evaluation of Prosthodontic Materials: Application of Kubelka-Munk Theory.

Translucency is one of the most important parameters to be considered by digital systems when predicting the matching appearance and hence the quality of prosthodontic restoration work. Our objective has been to improve the effectiveness of the algorithmic decision systems employed by these devices by (a) determining whether Kubelka-Munk theory can be used as an algorithm for predicting restoration suitability, and (b) evaluating the correlation between the visual evaluation of prosthodontic materials and the predicted translucency based on the use of the ΔE*, OP, CR, and K/S algorithms. In this regard, three zirconia systems and one lithium disilicate have been spectrophotometrically and visually characterized. Based on the results of this study, it has been proven that zirconia systems and lithium disilicate systems exhibit different optical behaviors. The psychophysical experience suggests that none of the existing mathematical methods can adequately estimate translucency, spectrophotometric, and colorimetric techniques, and that which is perceived by an experienced observer. However, translucency evaluation through the K/S algorithmic decision system should not be disregarded. New methods to measure translucency should be developed to improve digital systems for prosthodontic applications.

The influence of yttria content on the microstructure, phase stability and mechanical properties of dental zirconia

A bstract The purpose of this study was to fully realize the clinical plausibility of a newly introduced yttria gradient monolithic multilayer dental zirconia and the current indication range for dental zirconia; hence, an investigation leading to a comprehensive understanding of the effect of yttria content on the properties of zirconia was undertaken. Each layer from a yttria gradient monolithic multilayer zirconia system with two types (esthetic and functional types, Meiying Zirconia, UPCERA, China) was selected for investigation of its chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence. Layers with yttria content interval of about 0.4 mol%-0.5 mol% were chosen for subsequent testing. Their phase fractions, grain sizes, low-temperature degradation (LTD) resistance, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and mechanical properties were characterized. The yttria content from the occlusal to the gingival region was from 5 mol% to 4.1 mol% and 4.7 mol% to 3.2 mol% for esthetic type and functional type, respectively. Ultimately, we investigated the selected five yttria content layers, 5Y, 4.5Y, 4Y, 3.6Y, and 3.2Y. With increased yttria content, increasing cubic phase fractions (from 25.86 wt% to 58.53 wt%) and mean grain sizes (from 0.31 μm to 0.72 μm) were detected; monoclinic content after LTD decreased; and there was a decreasing tendency for CTE, although no statistically significant difference was found ( F = 2.43, p = 0.117). In addition, yttria dopant showed no effect on elastic modulus ( F = 2.43, p = 0.464) but slightly increased hardness ( F = 4.10, p = 0.014). However, there were notable decreases in fracture toughness ( F = 227.58, p < 0.001), biaxial flexural ( F = 52.31, p < 0.001), and fatigue strength ( F = 56.52, p < 0.001). The percentages of strength degradation from monotonic to fatigue tests were about 33%–40%, independent of yttria doping ( F = 1.82, p = 0.136).