Abstract
The realm of dye adsorption involving zirconia systems remains an untapped frontier, awaiting the unveiling of its complete prowess. The present work investigates the adsorption potentials of CaO-doped ZrO2 nanoparticles with varying doping of CaO (0, 7, 10, and 16 mol.%). With the highest adsorption capacity (of 760 mg/g) reported ever for any zirconia system, the 16 mol.% CaO-doped ZrO2 (16CaSZ) ultrafine nanoparticles portrayed fastest kinetics of dye (Congo red) removal. Along with effect of different pHs (in the presence of different anions such as Cl-, NO3–, SO42- and the mixture of them), a simulated wastewater (comprising urea, different salts, dye, sand, grass, engine oil etc.) was made to examine the efficacy of our nano-adsorbent. The 16CaSZ nanoparticles depicted excellent adsorption (∼99 %) in simulated industrial effluent and duplicated the same performance for pHs ranging from 2 to 10. Multitude of factors (e.g., phase-pure cubicity, highest oxygen vacancy content, pronounced surface area etc.) were credited for this chemisorption-based (R-SO3- interactions, as revealed by the structural and spectroscopic investigations on the post-adsorption products) remarkable adsorption process.
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