Zinc Sulphate Turbidity Research Articles

Screening for multiple myeloma using routine laboratory test results

Characteristics of myeloma protein can be best detected through serum electrophoresis, and are also detected as abnormal results of flocculation tests or hyperglobulinemia by routine laboratory work. The authors identified 38 cases of multiple myeloma in 5 years, actively making use of the available informations in the laboratory. The number screened was 7 times as many as the incidence previously observed, and most of them were screened in subclinical conditions. A formula to discriminate multiple myeloma from other diseases was obtained referring to the thymol turbidity test (TTT) and zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZTT) results through analytical processing the data from the first examination of the 38 patients. The most efficient and practical screening method for multiple myeloma was then developed by combining the formula by which suspicious serum specimens in routine tests are screened, with electrophoresis which confirms the disease.

Colostrum deficiency in mule deer fawns: identification, treatment and influence on neonatal mortality.

Glutaraldehyde coagulation test, zinc sulfate turbidity test, and total protein refractometry were adapted for use in detecting failure of passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins to mule deer fawns (Odocoileus hemionus). The results of all three tests were similar. Serum total protein concentration was directly correlated to gamma globulin concentration and gave the best indication of morbidity and mortality. Thirteen of 13 fawns with serum total protein concentrations of 5 g/dl or less at 1 to 7 days of age developed diarrhea and died before 17 days of age. Only 1 of 14 fawns having a serum protein concentration above this level became sick and died. Seven of 13 fawns that had serum total protein concentrations of 5 g/dl or less, and that had already developed diarrhea, were given 20 ml of plasma per kg body weight. Although this increased their serum gamma globulin concentrations 0.3 g/dl, none survived. Administration of bovine colostrum to one fawn increased its serum gamma globulin concentration suggesting that mule deer fawns are able to absorb gamma globulins from bovine colostrum.

Investigations on physiological values of blood in industrial workers. Report 3. Serum colloid reaction and enzyme activity values

The purpose of this study is establish the physiological values of serum colloid reaction and serum enzyme activities representing the liver function. 1,732 industrial workers (1,035 males aged 35-65 yr, and 697 females aged 35-60 yr) were examined by the serum zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZTT) and serum thymol turbidity test (TTT) according to the standard method of "The Japanese society of gastroenterology," serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) by Kind-King method, serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) by the modified Orlowski method, and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) by UV method. Then frequency distributions, geometric means, several percentile values of these six laboratory data and correlations among the values were determined. The results are as follows: 1) Frequency distributions of serum ZTT, TTT, ALP, gamma-GTP, GOT, and GPT almost fitted to the log-normal distribution. 2) Geometric means and 0-95th percentile or 5-95th percentile values in bracket were 6.6 (3.7-11.7) Kunkel unit for ZTT in male, 8.2 (5.1-13.0) Kunkel unit for ZTT in female, 0.6 (0-2.8) Kunkel unit for TTT in male, 0.8 (0-2.8) Kunkel unit for TTT in female, 6.6 (4.1-10.4) King-Armstrong unit for ALP in male, 5.5 (3.2-8.9 for 49 year or less, 4.6-10.3 for 50 yr or more) King-Armstrong unit for ALP in female, 15.8 (0-45) mU/ml for gamma-GTP in male, 8.4 (0-17 for 44 yr or less, and 0-20 for 45 yr or more) mU/ml for gamma-GTP in female, 21.4 (0-39) Karmen unit for GOT in male, 20.8 (0-35) Karmen unit for GOT in female, 13.9 (0-29) Karmen unit for GPT in male, and 12.7 (0-32) Karmen unit for GPT in female. 3) Serum ZTT and TTT levels were higher in female than in male. Both ALP and gamma-GTP levels were higher in male than in female, and have become high according to aging in female. Serum level of GPT was higher in male than in female. 4) There were significant positive correlations between serum ZTT and serum TTT levels, and also between serum GOT and serum GPT levels.

牛の肝機能検査としての血清膠質反応

Fifty-seven cattle were examined by the serum colloid reactions and blood chemical tests. As a result, the correlation to A/G ratio was 0.75 for the zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZTT), 0.73 for Lugol reaction, 0.65 for Gros reaction, and 0.27 for TTT. The correlation to the albumin r2 fraction was significant at 1 % level for ZTT, Gros and Lugol reactions and at 5% level for TTT. Correlation was low between the results of the serum colloid reactions and those of chemical tests, except TP. It was suggested that TTT might be little available for the laboratory test of bovine serum.

The Relationship Between the Zinc Sulphate Turbidity Test, Serum Immune Globulins and the Susceptibility of Calves to Diarrhoea

Correlations were found with the ZST test and the immune globulins IgG, IgM and IgA of the sera of neonatal calves with the poorest correlation between IgA and ZST at one to two weeks of age. Since diarrhoea due to colibacillosis is commonest after one week of age, it was suggested that relative deficiency of IgA at this age could be responsible. The persistence of IgG suggested also that survival from diarrhoea could be a function of high IgG concentration.

Evaluation of the optical refractometer for lamb serum immunoglobulin estimation

Resistance of lambs to neonatal diseases has been shown to be related to their serum immunoglobulin levels. These may be estimated in the laboratory by the zinc sulphate turbidity test (ZSTT). An experiment was designed to evaluate the optical refractometer, a relatively simple and inexpensive piece of equipment which measures the refractive index of a serum sample and thus provides an estimate of its total protein content. Refractometer readings of neonatal lamb sera were found to be closely correlated to their ZSTT readings (r = 0.89). The refractometer appears eminently suited to farm use avoiding elaborate and time consuming laboratory procedures. The limitations of the tests are discussed.

Serum immunoglobulin levels in neonatal lambs

The serum immunoglobulin levels of lambs were monitored 24 h post partum using the zinc sulphate turbidity test. There was a wide distribution in the level of circulating maternal immunoglobulin and quite a large proportion of lambs were hypogammaglobulinaemic. Mean levels were highest in single lambs and lowest in triplets.

Use of the zinc sulphate turbidity test for determining plasma globulin in sheep.

Use of the zinc sulphate turbidity test for determining plasma globulin in sheep.

Letter: Correction for haemolysis in the zinc sulphate turbidity test.

Letter: Correction for haemolysis in the zinc sulphate turbidity test.

Correction for haemolysis in the zinc sulphate turbidity test.

Correction for haemolysis in the zinc sulphate turbidity test.

The sensitivity of function tests in detecting liver damage in the rat

The sensitivity of a group of tests in detecting the effects of liver damage was investigated in groups of rats treated with carbon tetrachloride or sodium selenate for 5 months. The tests included determinations for the activity of plasma glucose-6-phosphatase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, cholinesterase, bilirubin concentration, protein fractions, colloidal red flocculation, zinc sulfate turbidity, urine coproporphyrin and urobilinogen determination, the sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and hippuric acid tests, relative liver weight and gross and histopathologic examination of the liver. The consequence of carbon tetrachloride administration differed from the effects of sodium selenate in the morphological form of liver injury and in the type of functional impairment (as shown by the BSP and hippuric acid tests). The hippuric acid test, the electrophoretic pattern of plasma proteins, and the BSP test were the most effective tests in revealing long-term impairment of liver function. Histopathologic evaluation and the determination of plasma glutamic-pyruvic transaminase were sensitive parameters in detecting structural abnormality. However, function tests alone did not give reliable information about structural changes in the liver; both types of tests are necessary for a satisfactory assessment of hepatic integrity. Restriction of food intake had no effect on the results of any of these tests.

Hepatomegaly in infancy and childhood. An analysis of 30 cases.

Thirty children with hepatomegaly of varying etiology were studied with a view to evaluate the degree of derangement of hepatic function. The common causes of hepatomegaly were found to be infective hepatitis cirrhosis of the liver and tuberculer granulomatous hepatitis. There was a graded pattern in the alterations of liver function tests in these three etiological groups, from the practical point of view it appears that a single determination of the albumin-globulin ratio and zinc sulphate turbidity would give adequate information. Liver biopsy was the most conclusive evidence of the cause. Any child who comes with an enlarged liver of more than 3 cm. in infancy and more than 2 cm. in childhood must be investigated fully to arrive at an etiological diagnosis.

Absorption of Immune Lactoglobulin by Newborn Dairy Calves: Attempts to Produce Consistent Immune Lactoglobulin Absorptions in Newborn Dairy Calves Using Standardised Methods of Colostrum Feeding and Management

SUMMARY The feasibility of producing uniform absorptions of immune lactoglobulin by newborn dairy calves was investigated using a standardised system of colostrum feeding and management. Five groups, each of 10 newborn calves, were fed pooled bovine colostrum at a fixed rate and at fixed times post partum. The serum concentrations of absorbed immune lactoglobulin at 48 hr. post partum were measured using the zinc sulphate turbidity test. It was found that within each group of 10 calves there was a marked uniformity in the 48-hr. serum concentrations of absorbed immune lactoglobulin. None of the 50 calves examined in these investigations was found to be unable to absorb immune lactoglobulin. Friesian-cross-Ayrshire calves were found to absorb significantly greater quantities of immune lactoglobulin than similarly treated Ayrshire calves, although the latter were more consistent absorbers. Exposing calves to low ambient temperatures did not depress their globulin absorptive efficiency. Mothered calves attained significantly higher 48 hr. serum concentrations of absorbed immune lactoglobulin than non-mothered control animals.

Actinomycosis of the liver: Report of a case with special reference to liver function tests

A twenty year old man was successfully operated on for actinomycosis of the liver with left lobe hepatectomy and intensive antibiotic therapy. Abnormalities in the liver function tests included an elevated gamma globulin level, zinc sulfate turbidity test, thymol turbidity test, alkaline phosphatase, bromosulfalein retention, and moderate impairment of other liver functions. The liver function tests were of even greater significance both for diagnosis and as an index of successful treatment.

Serum immune globulin concentrations of calves left with their dams for the first two days of life

The serum immune globulin concentrations of 30 two-day-old calves were estimated using the zinc sulphate turbidity test. These calves had been born in loose boxes and left with their dams for the first two days of life. Dairy calves suckling their dams before eight hours post partum almost always attained high serum immune globulin concentrations, whereas dairy calves not suckling before this time were invariably deficient in serum immune globulins. Moreover, in the fifteen dairy calves which did suckle during the first eight hours of life, a significant negative correlation was found between the time of first suckling and the 48-hour serum immune globulin concentration. The beef calves in the series gave far less consistent results. No difference was found between the serum immune globulin concentrations of those dairy calves born during the summer and those born during the winter.

Sporidesmin Poisoning in the Sheep: II.—A Comparison of some Changes in Clinical Signs and Serum Constituents following Sporidesmin Poisoning and Experimental Obstruction of the Common Bile Duct

Some of the changes in clinical signs and serum constituents which follow sporidesmin poisoning and experimental obstruction of the common bile duct in the sheep, were compared. Following either of these experimental procedures the sheep became iaundiced and showed loss of appetite and progressive wasting. The changes in serum constituents were also closely related as scrum bilirubin, cholesterol and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) were elevated and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and alkaline phosphatase tests remained within or close to normal limits. However, there was a marked increase in gamma globulin and the zinc sulphate turbidity following sporidesmin poisoning, whereas the levels of these parameters were within or close to normal limits following experimental obstruction oj the common bile duct. These results were interpreted as further evidence of the obstructive basis of the jaundice which develops in sporidesmin poisoning, and natural facial eczema, and the differences between the 2 groups in the serum gamma globulin and zinc sulphate turbidity test were attributed to the inflammatory nature of the bile duct lesion in sporidesmin poisoning.

INFECTIOUS HEPATITIS IN CHILDREN FOLLOW-UP OF 300 CHILDREN

SYNOPSIS 300 consecutive children admitted to hospital with infectious hepatitis were followed up until they had‘recovered’. One month after leaving hospital only 28% were fully recovered; the remainder still showed relevant symptoms and/or signs and/or biochemical abnormality. Symptoms and signs resolved quickly but abnormal levels of serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase persisted for up to 6 months, and an abnormal reaction to the zinc sulphate turbidity test (ZSTT) for much longer.

競走馬における血清膠質反応の検討

Some methods were studied comparatively with 45 serum samples collected from diseased race horses for diagnostic purposes and 38 from healthy race horses.All the samples gave positive cephalin-cholesterollecithin flocculation tests at a medium degree or higher, and negative thymol turbidity tests and negative Hayem tests, without exception. Accordingly, these three tests were not applicable to race horses at all.It was difficult and required skill to read the endpoint of the Gros test in any one of the samples. Ucko's modification of the Takata test and the sublimate test, both of which showed an intimate relationship with the albumin-globulin ratio, were proved to be of high value when applied to race horses.The Lugol test with its simple technique was the most fitted one for screening to clarify an increase in globulin content. The zinc sulfate turbidity test was found to be of high clinical value, since it was closely related to a rise and fall of gamma-globulin content in race horses.

DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL PULMONARY FIBROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH A POSITIVE SHEEP CELL AGGLUTINATION TEST.

In1944Hamman andRichdescribed an acute formofdiffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in fourpatients whodiedwithin sixmonthsofthe onsetofsymptoms. Manycaseswitha similar syndrome havesince beenreported. Themajority ofthese, however, haverunamorechronic course andtheoutcome hasnotalways beenfatal. The disorder hasbeenfully reviewed byRubinand Lubliner (1957) andScadding (1960); itsaetiology remains unknown.A numberofpatients with rheumatoid disease havehaddiffuse pulmonary fibrosis indistinguishable fromtheidiopathic variety (Ellman and Ball,1948;Rubinand Lubliner, 1957;SmithandRothermich, 1957; Scadding, 1960;Ognibene, 1960;Cudkowicz, Madoff, andAbelmann, 1961). Thesepatients have allhadovertarthritis, except foroneofthe patients described byOgnibene (1960); inthis instance there wasdiffuse pulmonary fibrosis and thesheepcellagglutination test(S.C.A.T.) was positive buttherewas no grossarthritis, a diagnosis of anarthritic rheumatoid disease (Bagratuni, 1956) being made.We report heretwo further similar cases. CASE REPORTS CASE1 A womanaged45wasadmitted inMay 1960. Forsevenyearsshehadsuffered fromincreasingly severe breathlessness onexertion andforfiveyears shehadhadadrycoughwhichrecently hadbecome productive ofwhite, mucoidsputum.Thisillness wasaccompanied bygeneral tiredness andlassitude. During thetwoyearsbefore heradmission shehad beenreceiving digitalis andoccasional chlorothiazide fromhergeneral practitioner forthetreatment of ankleswelling; theswelling improved butthere was nochangeintheincreasing breathlessness. Onexamination there wasgross finger clubbing and slight central cyanosis. Shewasinsinus rhythm, the bloodpressure was115/80 mm. Hg andtherewas no cardiac abnormality; thevenouspressure was normal.Coarsecrepitations wereaudible overall areasofthelungs. Theliver edgewaspalpable just Present address: BoltonDistrict GeneralHospital, Lancashire belowtheright costal margin. No abnormalities were foundintheother systems. Investigations Thechest radiograph (Fig. 1)showed changes inthelungstypical ofgross, widespread fibrosis withslight honeycombing inthelowerzones. Serial radiographs hadbeentakenata chest clinic during theprevious sevenyears andthese wereavailableforcomparison. Theyrevealed thatthefibrosis hadsteadily increased inextent andseverity overthe years. Thepatient's vital capacity was0-95litre, 27%of herpredicted vital capacity of3-55litres. Theone secondforced expiratory volume(F.E.V.1) was09 litre, giving a normalF.E.V.1 tovital capacity ratio (95%). The sputumcontained normalupperrespiratory tract flora andabeta-haemolytic streptococcus. TheS.C.A.T. waspositive atatitre of1/2048. Theserumalbuminwas2-5g./100ml.andthe globulin 6-8g./100ml.Electrophoresis revealed a markedincrease inthegamma-globulin, andthere werenoabnormal protein bands. TheSiatestwas positive; there wasnocryoglobulin. Serumbilirubin was0-3mg./100 ml.;thymolturbidity 25units, zinc sulphate turbidity 44units, andthealkaline phosphatase 63 King-Armstrong units/ 100ml.Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic

Isolation of a protective gamma-globulin fraction interfering with the zinc sulphate turbidity test

The serum of a case of hyperglobulinaemia with negative thymol and zinc sulphate turbidity reactions was studied. The serum when added to pathological sera with high turbidity values brought about a marked reduction in the original turbidity values. Also, the serum did not give the usual copper proteinate precipitate when added to copper sulphate solutions. The anomalous protein fraction responsible for the above properties was isolated from the gamma globulins by precipitation at 28% saturation with ammonium sulphate. It was found to be neither a macroglobulin (Waldenstrom's), a cryoglobulin, nor a collagen protein. Its occurrence in the very gamma globulin fraction which is responsible for many of the turbidity reactions is of great significance in the interpretation of these tests. It is suggested that the normal turbidity and flocculation reactions reported in some cases of multiple myelomatosis might be due to some such anomalous proteins.