Zinc Spray Research Articles

Influence of Foliar Application of NAA and Zinc on Yield and Quality Attributes of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49

An experiment was carried out at Department of Fruit Science, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology Meerut (U.P), India during two consecutive years i.e., 2021-22 and 2022-23 to assess the Influence of foliar Spray of NAA and Zinc on growth, flowering, fruiting, yield and quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49 under western U.P. conditions. The foliar spray of micronutrients along with plant growth regulators play an important role in manipulating many physiological phenomena, improving the yield and quality and enhanced the productivity of plants by fulfilling the nutritional needs of fruit crops. Twelve treatments viz., three level of NAA (0, 50, and 75 ppm) and four level of Zinc (0, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 %) with their combinations were used, which were replicated in factorial Randomized Block Design. Results showed NAA @75 ppm (N2) individually registered yield of 53.75 and 53.06 kg/plant the application of Zinc at 0.8 % (Zn3) concentration recorded yield of 53.86 and 53.17 kg/plant. Interactive effect of naphthalene acetic acid and Zinc (N2Zn3) treatments registered yield of 59.56 and 58.81 kg/plant while quality parameter pectin was in the range of 0.79 and 0.80 % with treatment naphthalene acetic acid @75 ppm (N2) and Zinc at 0.8 % (Zn3) individually recorded 0.80 and 0.82 % outperformed the other treatments. The combination could be ideal and recommended for the production of guava in the Indo-Gangetic plains in western India.

Response of Biofertilizers and Foliar Application of Zinc on Yield and Economics of Lentil (Lens culinaris, Fabaceae)

During the Rabi season of 2022, with the objective to establish the effect of biofertilizers and foliar application of zinc on growth and yield of Lens culinaris a field trial was carried out at the Crop Experimental Farm, Division of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The trial included two variables with three levels of zinc (0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%) and biofertilizer (Rhizobium spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizobium spp. + Pseudomonas fluorescens). The texture of the soil is sandy loam with 7.2 pH, 0.72% organic carbon, 178.48 kg/ha of available N, 27.80 kg/ha of available P, and 233.24 kg/ha of available K. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with ten treatments and replicated three times. Zinc application and the use of biofertilizers had a big impact on the economics, yield attributes and yield. The outcome showed that treatment eight, Rhizobium spp.+ Pseudomonas fluorescens and foliar spray of zinc at 0.50% recorded maximum number of pods/plant (111.33), number of seeds per pod (2.27), seed yield (1530,94 kg/ha) and stover yield (3020.00 kg/ha). Maximum gross returns (91,856.58 INR/ha), net returns (61,406.58 INR/ha) and benefit-cost ratio (2.02). In conclusion the best combination to get maximum economics and yield attributes in Lens culinaris using the trial of fertilization performed was Rhizobium + Pseudomonas fluorescens + Zn (0.50%).

Influence of Phosphorus and Foliar Spraying of Zinc on Growth and Yield of Summer Groundnut

A field experiment was conducted during Zaid 2022 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (UP). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments which are replicated thrice based on one-year of experimentation. The treatments consist of 3 different levels of phosphorus (40, 50, 60 kg/ha) and chelated zinc (0.5, 1g, 2 g/liter) as a foliar spray and a control. The results revealed that the application of 60 kg/ha P2O5 + 2 g/liter chelated zinc (EDTA) was recorded significantly higher plant height (36.80 cm), No. of Nodules/plant (117.5), Plant dry weight (26.06 g/plant), Number of pods per plant (37.6), Seeds/pod (2.37), Test weight (38.00 g), Seed yield pod yield (3.80 t/ha), Seed yield (2.74 t/ha), Haulm yield (4.87 t/ha), Harvest index (46.00%), Shelling percent (59.07%), Gross returns (Rs 89,600.00/ha), Net return (Rs 62,340.00/ha) and Benefit-cost ratio (2.28).

Effect of zinc and boron on the performance of rainy season local potato variety “Sete” (Solanum tuberosum L.) at Rukumkot, Rukum East, Nepal

A field experiment was carried out at Rukumkot, Rukum East, Nepal during the rainy season of 2021 to study the effect of boron and zinc on vegetative growth and yield parameters of the local “Sete” variety of potato. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications, and 7 treatments i.e., control, boron @2kg/ha soil application, zinc @4.5kg/ha soil application, boron @2kg/ha + zinc @4.5kg/ha soil application, 0.1% boron spray, 0.1% zinc spray and 0.1% boron+ 0.1% zinc spray. The highest tuber yield per hill and productivity was reported in boron @2kg/ha + zinc @4.5kg/ha soil application i.e., 2888.52 grams and 27.51 ton/ha, respectively. A similar result was shown by zinc @4.5kg/ha soil application. Plant height (26.33cm, 46.57cm), number of branches (4.85, 12.02) and number of leaves per plant (30.05, 73.70) were significantly high in boron @2kg/ha + zinc @4.5kg/ha soil application at both 45 DAP (days after planting) and 60DAP. Soil application of only boron, only zinc and boron + zinc increased the total yield of tubers by 10.23%, 24.66% and 25.66%, respectively over the control. The foliar application of only boron, only zinc and boron + zinc increased the total yield of tubers by 4.22%, 2.07% and 12.37%, respectively over the control. Hence, research suggested combined soil application of zinc and boron at the rate of 4.5kg/ha and 2kg/ha, respectively over the foliar cum solitary application of micronutrients for increasing number of medium and large sized tubers and get an overall high yield of potato.

IMPACT OF THINNING AND FOLIAR-BORON-ZINC SPRAY ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS IN APPLE TREE (MALUS DOMESTICA CV. GOLDEN DELICIOUS)-"TARTOUS GOVERNORATE"

The research was conducted in Tartous governorate on apple trees cv. Golden Delicious grafted on the rootstock “Malus domestica Borkh”, during two seasons 2019-2020 to study the impact of manual and chemical thinning using foliar boron /zinc spray separately or in combination on some morphological and physiological indicators. The results showed a significant increase in leaf area and its content of total chlorophyll and carotenoids in the second season (low fruit load) compared to the first season (heavy load) due to a rise in vegetative growth and a reduction in fruiting. During the heavy load season, a balance between vegetative and fruiting growth was noted when the manual and chemical thinning applied with no significant differences was found between the two seasons in leaf area, total chlorophyll and carotenoids content. On the other hand, the application of manual thinning, chemical thinning and foliar spraying with boron and zinc separately or together pointed out an increase in the branches content of carbohydrates and nitrogen and C/N ratio in the low load season compared to the control. Consequently, fruit thinning was more effective to obtain a balance between the seasons in term of leaf area, its pigments content, and C/N ratio in branches, which in turn mitigate the alternate bearing phenomenon.

Degradation Behavior of Arc-Sprayed Zinc Aluminum Alloy Coatings for the Vessel Yongle in the South China Sea

Since thermally sprayed zinc and aluminum coatings were invented 100 years ago, they have realized extensive industrial applications for steel structure protection in a variety of fields for nearly 100 years and have been proven to be effective and reliable. However, it has seldom been reported in the ship industry in China since many workers worry about the risk of rapid corrosion, especially in harsh environments such as the South China Sea. In this paper, three kinds of arc-sprayed zinc aluminum coatings were tested to choose the best coating system for application on the research vessel Yongle by electrochemical behavior and a long-term atmospheric exposure experiment. The variation of the corrosion rate and the bonding strength was used to clarify the long-term protection performance. The results show that Zn15Al has the lowest corrosion (Rp larger than 2200 Ω·cm2) among the three kinds of coatings and has a bonding strength larger than 6.38 MPa after a 5 year test. The performance of the coatings in the South China Sea indicates that they can provide excellent protection for the hull above the waterline of the Yongle vessel in the 3 year test. It could be predicted that thermally sprayed zinc aluminum coating has vast application potential in the South China Sea due to its excellent anticorrosion performance.

Pre-Flowering Sprays of Zinc and Boron Influenced Panicle Emergence and Panicle Growth of Amrapali Mango

The present investigation was conducted at the instructional farm of Rathindra Krishi Vigyan Kendra under Palli Siksha Bhavana (Institute of Agriculture), Visva Bharati University, Sriniketan which comes under in humid sub-tropical region of West Bengal during the year 2015-16 and 2016-17 to investigate the influence of pre-flowering sprays of zinc and boron on panicle emergence and panicle growth of Amrapali mango. The present study included nine treatment combinations of sprays of zinc sulphate and borax at pre flowering stage replicated three times as T1: Control (distilled water), T2: ZnSO4 @ 0.5%, T3: ZnSO4 @ 1.0%, T4: Borax @ 0.5%, T5: Borax @ 1.0%, T6: ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + Borax @ 0.5%, T7: ZnSO4 @ 0.5% + Borax @ 1.0%, T8: ZnSO4 @ 1.0% + Borax @ 0.5% and T9: ZnSO4 @ 1.0% + Borax @ 1.0% in Randomized Block Design (RBD). The sprays were done in three cycles at 15 days interval starting from end of the November, keeping 3 days gap between zinc sulphate and borax spray in combination treatments. Minimum days to panicle emergence and flowering, maximum panicle length and different types of branches panicle-1 were recorded under ZnSO4 @ 1.0% + Borax @ 0.5% spray. In conclusion, ZnSO4 @ 1.0% + Borax @ 0.5% treatment can be used as pre flowering spray for early flowering with better growth of panicles of mango (cv. Amrapali).

Seed pre-sowing treatments and essential trace elements application effects on wheat performance

Current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different seed priming and foliar spray of micronutrients on bread wheat performance in semi-arid region in Northwest of Iran. Pre-sowing treatments were S1: no pre-sowing treatment (intact seeds), S2: hydro-priming, S3: bio-priming (seed inoculation with plant promoting rhizobacteria consortium: Azotobacter chroococcum + Azospirillum lipoferum), S4: micronutrient seed priming and foliar feeding include, check (0): distilled water spray, Fe: foliar spray of iron, Zn: foliar spray of zinc. All seed priming treatments significantly increased plant height, tiller number, canopy width, total biomass, spike mass, seed number per spike and seed yield compared to intact seeds. A brief comparison of the effect of seed priming and fertilizer treatments showed that the effects of priming treatments on improving growth and seed yield was more obvious than fertilizer treatments. The greatest increase in seed yield and yield components was recorded for plants grown from bio-fortified seeds by essential trace elements. However, comparison of fertilizer treatments showed that growth parameters were significantly affected by Zn application. From the present study, it may be concluded that combined seed priming through pre-sowing hydration, soaking in micronutrients and microbial inoculation is useful to enhance wheat production and agricultural sustainability for smallholder farmers in semi-arid region.

Yield and Fruit Quality of Kinnow Mandarin Influenced by Foliar Spray of Different Nutrients

Citrus (Citrus sinensis L.) is one of the world's most significant fruit crops, 3rd among subtropical fruits. Kinnow is considered as the trademark of Pakistan’s citriculture industry, dominates the major citrus growing areas of the country. Macro and micronutrients have the capacity to regulate and manipulate the growth and fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin. The present study was initiated to evaluate the influence of foliar sprays of nutrients on yield and fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin. For this purpose, foliar sprays of nitrogen (1 and 1.5 %), iron (0.25 and 0.5 %) and zinc (0.25 and 0.5 %) were applied at pre flowering stage. The trial was carried out using a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The parameters such as reducing sugars (%), acidity (pH), TSS (brix)0, total sugars (%), total fruits per plant, fruit set (%), yield per tree (Kg), length of fruit (cm), fruit width (mm), total number of seeds per fruit and peel thickness (mm) were studied. The collected data was analyzed statistically by Using STATISTIX 8.1 According to results, T6 (Nitrogen @1.5%) gave best results in terms of reducing sugars, TSS/Brix (0), total sugars (%), fruit set (%), yield per tree (Kg), fruit length (cm), fruit width (mm), number of seeds per fruit and peel thickness (mm). The minimum acidity (pH) was recorded in T5 (Nitrogen @1%) and T4 (FeSO4 @0.5%). While the maximum number of fruits per plant were recorded in T4 (FeSO4 @0.5%) then in T2 (ZnSO4 @0.5%). All the treatments gave good result as compare to T0 (control / no treatment) while T6 (Nitrogen @1.5%) gave best results in maximum parameters observation. From the results it was concluded that foliar spray Nitrogen @1.5% can be used for enhancing the yield and fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin.

Effect of Organic Manures and Zinc on Growth, Yield and Economics of Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L.)

The field experiment was conducted during Kharif season 2022-23 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The soil of experimental plot was sandy loam in texture, nearly neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.8), low in organic carbon (0.62%), available nitrogen (225 kg/ha), available phosphorus (38.2 kg/ha) and available potassium (240.7 kg/ha). The treatments consist of organic manures (FYM 10t/ha, Goat manure 1.6t/ha, Poultry manure 1.6t/ha) and foliar spray of zinc (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%) at 30, 45 Days after sowing. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated thrice. Significant and higher plant height (92.69 cm), maximum number of tillers/ hill (8.40), higher plant dry weight (15.93 g), higher panicle length (15.36 cm), number of grains/ panicle (1262.33), grain yield (2.76 t/ha), straw yield (4.65 t/ha), maximum gross return (INR 78300.00), net return (INR 52670.40) and B:C ratio (2.05) were recorded in treatment 9 with the application of Poultry Manure1.6t/ha along with 0.6% Zinc.

Metabolic profiling, pigment component responses to foliar application of Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn for tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

Foliar application of essential nutrients is a rapid and promising strategy to enhance the concentration and bioavailability of essential nutrients in tea plants (Camellia sinensis). A field experiment was carried out to explore the effects of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and the hyperaccumulator manganese (Mn) foliar application on the biochemical components of free amino acid (FAA), caffeine (CAF), and tea polyphenols (TP) in the black tea made from the tea plant cultivar ‘HuangDan’. The foliar application of Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn showed significant effects on FAA and TP contents of black tea (P < 0.05), but had no significant effect on the CAF content. Iron and zinc spraying significantly increased thearubigin and theabrownin content, whereas copper spraying significantly decreased thearubigin content while increasing theabrownin content. Additionally, the gene expression patterns of the POD family members CsSPX1, CsAPX1, CsGPX1, CsGPX3, CsPOD13, and CsPOD18 were identified to investigate the roles of these phenolic constituents influenced by the foliar application. The expression patterns of CsGPX3 and CsAPX1 were found to be involved in the production of TFs. POD-catalyzed TFs formation might serve as a molecular marker to identify varieties of tea plants suitable for brewing high-quality black tea beverages by regulating catechin oxidation throughout the tea processing process.

Zinc-induced enhancement in growth, ionic contents and yield of bio-fortified and standard wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties

Zinc as a micronutrient is highly essential for animals and plants to attain optimum growth and development. Zinc-deficient soils result in stunted and abnormal growth of plants. Three wheat varieties, i.e., Zincol-2016 (biofortified), Galaxy-2013, and Punjab-2011 (both non-biofortified), were sown in pots containing fertile soil in a completely randomized design with four replicas. The seedlings were sprayed with four zinc solutions (Control, 0.03%, 0.06%, and 0.09% of Zn as ZnSO4.7H2O) 40 days after sowing. It was observed that the impact of 0.06% zinc spray was more pronounced on wheat plants as compared to that of 0.03% and 0.09%. More pronounced improvement in growth, chlorophyll content, total soluble proteins, and sugars was observed in cv. Zincol-2016 as compared to that in the other two varieties, Galaxy-2013 and Punjab-2011. Similarly, Zn foliar spray significantly enhanced root, straw, and grain K+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+ contents in all three cultivars. In contrast, grain phytate contents were reduced with increased supplementation of Zn. Data revealed that grain yield was improved significantly by exogenous application of zinc, especially at 0.06% in all three wheat varieties, but being more promising in Zincol-2016. Furthermore, Zincol-2016 accumulated higher zinc contents in grains as compared to that in Galaxy-2013 and Punjab-2011. Foliar application of zinc resulted in higher uptake and accumulation of this element from soil to seeds, thereby resulting in improved vegetative growth.

Effect of Nano Nitrogen and Nano Zinc on Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity of Paddy-paddy Cropping System

Field experiments were conducted during rabi and kharif seasons of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Krishi Vigyana Kendra, Gangavathi, Koppal, Karnataka, India, to study the influence of nano nitrogen and nano zinc on soil fertility and crop productivity of paddy-paddy cropping system.The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with different levels of nitrogen in main plots, nano nitrogen sprays in sub-plots and nano zinc sprays in sub-sub plots which were replicated thrice. The results of the study indicated that application of 125 per cent RDN along with foliar spray of nitrogen @ 4000 ppm and nano Zn @ 2000 ppm has recorded significantly higher grain yield, straw yield, soil available N, P2O5, K2O, S and Zn during both rabi and kharif season and which was on par with and 100 per cent RDN along with spray of nano nitrogen @ 4000 ppm and nano Zn @ 2000 ppm. Hence for effective management of nano fertilizers in paddy, the application of 100 per cent RDN along with foliar spray of nano N @ 4000 ppm and foliar spray of nano Zn @ 2000 ppm was recommended.

The Role of Bactosan and Zinc Fertilization on some Vegetative and Chemical Characteristics of Broccoli Brassica Oleracea var. Italica

In the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Karbala, Iraq, a field experiment was conducted to study the role of Bactosan and zinc spraying on broccoli’s vegetative and chemical properties for the 2021-2022 agricultural season. Bactosan concentration (0, 6, and 8 L h-1) and zinc concentration (0 and 1 g L-1) were two factors in an experiment with a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Three replications were used to test each of these factors. The investigation results were reached: Bactosan displayed a significant effect at 8 L h-1 on vegetative and chemical traits, while at concentration 0 L h-1 had the lowest rates. Spraying with zinc at concentration 1 g L-1 increased plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, vegetative dry matter weight, and chemical characteristics. Note that concentration 0 g. L-1 gave the lowest rate in the traits mentioned above. The interaction between Bactosan and zinc showed a significant increase in all vegetative and chemical features when the exchange at 1 g L-1 and 8L h-1, which gave the highest indicators in (plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and number of Leaves, dry weight of shoots, chlorophyll content of leaves, percentage of ascorbic acid, percentage of carbohydrates and rate of protein in curd head). Based on these findings, we may conclude that Bactosan and zinc contribute to an improvement in broccoli’s chemical features and its vegetative development characteristics.

Effect of Sources and Levels of Zinc Spraying on the Absorbed Zinc and Wheat Yield (Triticum aestivum L.)

This experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field in Al-Najmi district, Al-Muthanna governorate, 3 km away from the district center during the agricultural season (2021-2022) in order to study the effect of the sources and levels of zinc spraying on zinc uptake and the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), as zinc was used. Nano (12% Zn), chelated zinc (14% Zn), zinc sulfate (23% Zn) and a symbol for the sources with the symbol (S2, S3, S1) in sequence, and four levels (0, 100, 200, 300) mg Zn L-1, symbol It has (L4, L3, L2, L1) respectively, as it was sprayed on the wheat crop Rashid in two stages when branching and flowering. The experiment was conducted using factorial trials, randomized complete block method (RCBD), with three replicates. Thus, the number of experimental units is (4*3*3)=36. The results show the superiority of nano-zinc at the level of 300PPM in the concentration of zinc on the plant at the flowering stage and the concentration of zinc in the plant at the harvest stage and the concentration of zinc in the grains and zinc uptake, which recorded the highest averages, while the chelated zinc at 300PPM was superior in the concentration of zinc in the plant at the branching stage, it recorded the highest average, as well as zinc sulfate at the level of 300PPM was superior to the grain yield.

Effect of Organic Compounds (Alghum and Bactosan) and Zinc Fertilization on some Yield Traits of Broccoli Brassica oleracea Var. Italica

This study investigated the influence of adding the two organic compounds (Alghum and Bactosan) and spraying with zinc on some indicators of broccoli yield in the agricultural growth season 2021-2022. The study was designed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD); it contained three factors, the first with three levels of the organic compound Alghum (0, 8 and 12) kg. ha-1 and the second with three levels of the organic compound Bactosan (0, 6 and 8) L. ha-1 and the third with two concentrations of elemental zinc (0 and 1) g. L-1. The individual effect for the organic compound Alghum showed a significant increase in all yield attributes, particularly A12 treatment (12 kg. ha-1) compared with the other treatments. The addition of organic compound Bactosan also made significant differences at level B8 (8 L. ha-1) which outperformed all levels in all yield attributes. In contrast, the level of B0 (L. ha-1) recorded the lowest values for the studied traits. As for spraying zinc at the concentration Z1 (1 g. L-1) it gave a significant increase in all yield attributes except for the number of days to complete the harvesting process was not necessary, knowing that the treatment of non-spray Z0 (0 g. L-1) gave the lowest rate in the mentioned attributes above. The impact of the bilateral interaction between the two organic compounds showed a significant improvement in all yield characteristics in treatment A12B8 (12 kg. ha-1 and 8 L. ha-1). The bilateral interactions between the organic compound Alghum and zinc spray significantly affected all yield attributes as the treatment A12Z1 (12kg.ha-1 and 1g.L-1) outperformed the other interaction treatments. The two interactions between organic compound Bactoson and spraying with zinc element significantly increased the studied yield attributes in treatment B8Z1 (8L. ha-1 and 1g.L-1). The triple interaction between adding the two organic compounds Alghum and Bactosan and spraying with zinc was significantly superior as the treatment A12B8Z1 (12kg.ha-1, 8L. ha-1 and 1g.L-1) recorded the highest growth indicators in yield attributes (Number of days to harvest flower disks from 50% of experimental unit plants, the number of days to complete the harvesting process, the curd head weight, the curd head diameter and the total yield of the curd head.

Effect of Zinc Sources and Levels on Zinc Uptake and Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

This experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field in Al-Najmi district, Al-Muthanna governorate, 3 km away from the district center during the agricultural season 2021-2022, to determine the effect of sources and levels of zinc spraying on the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), as zinc was used. Nano zinc (12% Zn), chelated zinc (14% Zn) and zinc sulfate (23% Zn) and a symbol for the sources with the symbol (S2, S3, S1) in sequence, and four levels (0, 100, 200, 300) mg Zn l-1, symbol It has (L4, L3, L2, L1) respectively, as it was sprayed on the wheat crop Rashid in two stages when branching and flowering. The experiment was conducted using factorial trials, randomized complete block Design (RCBD), with three replications. Thus, the number of experimental units is (4*3*3)=36. The results show that the superiority of nano-zinc at the level of 300PPM on the flag leaf area and the number of grains in the spike, as the highest averages, while zinc sulfate at the level of 200PPM outperformed in the trait of plant height, as it recorded the highest average, as well as the superiority of zinc sulphate at the level of 300PPM in the trait of spike length, number of branches, and grain yield, which recorded the highest averages.

INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ZINC AND BORON ON FLOWERING AND FRUITING OF MANDARIN (CITRUS RETICULATA BLANCO) AT MYAGDI, NEPAL

A study was conducted during the spring season of 2022 to find out the effect of foliar application of micronutrients (Zinc and Boron) in flowering and fruit setting of mandarin (Citrus reticulata blanco) in Myagdi, Nepal. The experiment was laid out in a factor-randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consist of foliar application of sole and combined application of Zinc and Boron namely: control (water spray), 0.2% Zn, 0.1% B, 0.15% Zn + 0.05% B, and 0.1% Zn + 0.1% B. Twenty mandarin trees of the same age and height from an orchard were chosen from the north-facing slope. The spray solution was formulated using standard procedures. The foliar application of the micronutrients was done twice, the first application was done days before flowering, and the second application was done after 2 days of full flowering. The data analysis was done using MS Excel and R-stat. Treatments had significant variations in total flowers and hermaphrodite flowers per branch, fruit diameter, fruit set, and fruit drop. Thus, our study showed that foliar spray of Zinc 0.1% + Boron 0.1% was the best for the production of more hermaphrodite flowers, for a higher fruit set percentage, and for a higher fruit retention percentage in Mandarin.

Effect of zinc and silicon nanoparticles on yield, quality and economics of lowland paddy

An investigation to know the effect of nano zinc and silicon on quality and yield of rice was conducted at AHRS, Bavikere, KSNUAHS, Shivamogga. The experiment consisted 12 treatments replicated thrice and was laid in completely randomized block design. The different treatment combinations of seed treatment of nano zinc and silicon, foliar spray of zinc and silicon nanoparticles were compared with conventional sources and the control. Application of both zinc and silicon (T6) in nano form as foliar @ 40 ppm each at 40 DAT registered significantly higher no. of productive tillers (18.72), protein content (11.41 %), starch content (75.70 %) grain yield (6034 kg/ha), straw yield (6693 kg/ha) with higher economic net returns (98631 Rs ha-1), foliar spray of zinc nano particles alone @ 40 ppm at 40 DAT showed next best results.

A new surface treatment method for simplifying and enhancing the segmentation of open space pore object

This paper aims to present a new method for surface treatment of open pore materials and specimens to aid and fasten the segmentation process. The study is divided into two parts. In the first part of the investigation, three materials were tested on a plastic surface under laboratory conditions: X-ray contrast dental adhesive, wax, and zinc spray. After careful observation of the results, the zinc spray was selected for the purposes of the study. In the second part, the experiment was repeated with zinc contrast layers on a single-rooted tooth in two and three layers, zinc spray on sintered glass and a multirooted tooth in three layers. Region growing method was selected for the segmentation. The selected specimens were covered with a contrast layer, scanned, and images were reconstructed and analysed. After both the scanning and reconstruction stages, success was achieved in the samples with three layers. As a next step, the volumes of the root canal and the sintered glass were calculated successfully. In conclusion, using zinc spray as an X-ray contrast coating may be a successful approach in micro-computed tomography.