ZnO Nanoparticles Research Articles

Alleviative effects of green-fabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles on acrylamide-induced oxidative and inflammatory reactions in the rat stomach via modulating gastric neuroactive substances and the MiR-27a-5p/ROS/NF-κB axis

Little is known about the effects of acrylamide (AMD) on the stomach. So, this study evaluated the effect of oral AMD exposure (20 mg/kg b.wt) on oxidative status, apoptotic, and inflammatory reactions in rat’s stomach for 60 days. To explore novel targets of AMD toxicity, a more detailed molecular and immune-expression study was performed. Besides, the possible protective effect of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (G-ZNP) (10 mg/kg b.wt) was explored. The results revealed that AMD significantly provoked oxidative and lipid peroxidative damage of the stomach in terms of increased ROS and MDA but reduced SOD, CAT, GSH, and GSH/GSSG. Additionally, the stomachs of AMD-exposed rats showed a significant increment of PGE2 but reduced NO. Histopathologically, AMD induced a significant increase in PAS stain and the immunoexpression of iNOS and NF-κB in the glandular stomach. A significant upregulation of CART, VACHT, EGFR, caspase-3, NOS-1, and miR-27a-5p was evident in the stomach of the AMD group. Yet, G-ZNP oral dosing significantly rescued the AMD-induced oxidative damage, apoptotic reaction, inflammatory effect, and altered miR-27a-5p and gene expressions in the stomach. Conclusively, these findings demonstrated the efficacy of G-ZNP in protecting against the harmful impacts of acrylamide on stomach tissues.

Synthesis, Formulation and Evaluation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle of Capparis zeylanica L. Stem

The current study’s focus is on using Capparis zeylanica L. stem extract to produce nanosized zinc oxide (ZnO) biologically in a way that is economical, effective, and environmentally safe. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using several techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, FTIR and UV-vis spectroscopy. UV-vis spectroscopy ranges 200 to 400 nm. Having particle size 248 nm having zeta potential -3.5 mV with different groups. The current work examined by formation of gel, which shows good spreadability.

Unveiling the effects of ZnO nanoparticle incorporated chitosan coating on postharvest quality of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

Due to rapid moisture loss, eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), a significant economic product, has a short postharvest shelf life. This study examined at 4 °C for 20 days at the effects of chitosan (CH) 1% and CH with micro ZnO (0.25 g/L) on eggplant quality. After 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days, coating effects on parameters (weight loss, pH, respiration rate, total acidity, soluble solids, firmness, total anthocyanin, antioxidant, phenolic, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and malondialdehyde activity), as well as microbiological count (total bacteria and yeast), were examined. When compared to the control, the coatings significantly affected the quality parameters, eggplant fruit coatings with CH (1 %) + nano ZnO (0.25 g/L) had the significantly least respiratory rate, weight loss, firmness, TAC, TPC, TAA and enzyme activity (P < 0.05). The microbial load during fruit preservation was suppressed by nano ZnO treatments (total bacterial and fungal count in control and eggplant treated with nano ZnO were 4.46, 4.33 and 3.96, 3.17 log CFU g−1 respectively). Treatments had little effect on fruit's flavour or aroma, but ZnO-treated fruit had improved texture, colour, and acceptance overall compared to control fruit. Finally, nano ZnO may offer a chance to preserve quality and limit deterioration during extended storage.

Shelf-life extension of pomegranate arils using banana powder-based nanocomposite coatings functionalized with cellulose nanofiber and zinc-oxide nanoparticles

ABSTRACT This study explored a novel nanocomposite comprising banana powder (BP), cellulose nanofiber (CNF), and 0.6% zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The treatment involved immersing arils in the respective nanocomposite coatings for 4 min, followed by air-drying at room temperature (25°C) and subsequent storage in polyethylene terephthalate punnets at 4°C and 85% relative humidity for 21 d. Results demonstrated that the nanocomposites significantly (p < .05) reduced total plate and yeast counts, delayed colour and texture degradation, and decreased weight loss and respiration rates while maintaining levels of total soluble solids and titratable acidity compared to the control (water) and standard BP/CNF treatment. The BP/CNF/ZnO-PPW was more effective as it displayed a lower respiration rate (50 mL CO2 kg−1 h −1), weight loss (0.4%), and maintained higher firmness (12.4 N) compared to the control treatment. Overall, the nanocomposite treatments with ZnO NPs resulted in a 6-day shelf-life extension, offering a promising solution through nanotechnology applications.

Carbon nitride‐supported zinc oxide nanocomposite for the electrochemical detection of Dopamine and the development of disposable sensors

The carbon nitride‐supported zinc oxide (CNZO) nanocomposite was synthesized through a high‐temperature synthesis method, resulting in zinc oxide nanoparticles with an average size of ~ 44 nm, dispersed on a carbon nitride matrix. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the formation of the hexagonal wurtzite phase of zinc oxide, with a space group of P63mc. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared analysis further verified the presence of both zinc oxide and carbon nitride. The CNZO nanocomposite served as a catalyst for the electrochemical detection of dopamine, achieving limit of detection and sensitivity of 2.66 µM and 6.23 µA.µM &lt;sup&gt;‐1&lt;/sup&gt;.cm &lt;sup&gt;‐2&lt;/sup&gt; respectively

In vitro and in vivo efficacy of zinc oxide green nanoparticles against multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi.

Antibiotic resistance is an increasing threat, requiring novel therapeutic solutions. Metal nanoparticles e.g., zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exhibited the potential against many bacterial pathogens. Strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi resistant to ceftriaxone were reported first from Pakistan in 2016. Since then, S. Typhi is a pathogen of concern globally owing to its rapidly emerging resistance potential against many last resort antibiotics. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs against multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi strains from Pakistan was evaluated. Zinc oxide green nanoparticles (ZnO GNPs), synthesized from Aloe vera, were characterized by SEM, XRD, UV-vis and Raman spectroscopy. In vitro antibacterial activity of two different concentrations of ZnO GNPs (7 and 15%) was checked using agar well diffusion method. Further, broth microdilution and time kill assays were performed using the ZnO GNPs. In vivo assays were conducted in BALB/c mice sepsis models. In all the three methods, agar well diffusion assay broth microdilution and time kill assay, different zinc oxide dihydrate precursor concentrations had shown the antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO GNPs nanoparticles against MDR and XDR S. Typhi strains was found as 16 to 64µg/ml. In vivo experiment has shown a significant decrease in CFU/ml in the mice treated with ZnO GNPs as compared to the control group. Our findings have revealed that ZnO GNPs have significant antibacterial activity against MDR and XDR S. Typhi, both in vitro and in vivo.

Fabrication of Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with ZnO Nanoparticles and Nanobentonite for Analysis of Bisphenol A by Cyclic Voltammetric

Fabrication of Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with ZnO Nanoparticles and Nanobentonite for Analysis of Bisphenol A by Cyclic Voltammetric

Molecular dynamics study of the thermal radiatively pressure-driven flow of two immiscible hybrid nanofluids through a curved pipe with viscous dissipation

Hybrid nanomaterials significantly enhance thermal systems through improved thermal conductivity, efficient energy storage, and customized thermomechanical properties. Due to their superior thermophysical characteristics, hybrid nanofluids are crucial in fields such as industry, biomedicine, transportation, and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the current article scrutinizes the characteristics of heat transfer on the thermally radiative flow of two immiscible hybrid nanofluids through a curved pipe induced due to a pressure gradient in an axial direction. The pipe is divided into two distinct regions: namely, (i) Region 1 (core) is filled with base fluid kerosene oil containing copper (Cu) and carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoparticles, while (ii) Region 2 (peripheral) is filled with base fluid water containing zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. The complex curvilinear coordinates called toroidal coordinates are used to form a mathematical model for the present problem. The fluid in the core region is assumed to be more viscous than that of the peripheral region as such types of flows are observed in real life (viz. blood flow through arteries). Equations governing the flow are considered without ignoring any curvature ratio terms and are solved analytically by considering the perturbation series. The continuity of velocities and shear stresses at the fluid-fluid interface is taken into account along with no-slip, symmetric, and regularity conditions while solving the two-fluid flow problem under consideration. The effect of various fluid parameters such as curvature ratio, Reynolds number, viscosity ratio, and density ratio on the axial velocity and temperature is studied through 2-dimensional graphs, contour plots, and streamlines. The results show that the axial velocity of immiscible fluids flow decreases with an increase in the concentration of nanomaterials. Heat transport characteristics of nanofluid are increased by the addition of nanomaterials.

Multifunctional electrospun membranes incorporated with metal oxide nanoparticles, cellulose acetate, and polyvinylpyrrolidone for wastewater treatment: Oil/water separation, dye adsorption, and dye degradation

Multifunctional membranes have gained considerable attention as useful materials for the treatment of complex wastewater that contains dye and oil substances. Electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENM) have substantial advantages and potential for complex wastewater remediation, owing to their unique properties. In this study, an environmentally compatible ENM is fabricated by incorporating photocatalytic metal oxide nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO) or silver-zinc Oxide (Ag-ZnO) into cellulose acetate (CA)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers using electrospinning. Composite membranes ZnO/CA/PVP, Ag-ZnO/CA/PVP, ZnO/DCA/PVP (DCA: deacetylated cellulose acetate), and Ag-ZnO/DCA/PVP (deacetylated) were employed for oil–water emulsion separation, owing to their superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic nature, photocatalytic dye degradation due to the presence of ZnO or Ag-ZnO, and dye adsorption resulting from their high surface area. The composite membranes showed more than 95% efficiency for oil/water separation, malachite green adsorption, and photocatalytic methylene blue degradation. These membranes displayed simultaneous oil–water and dye separation efficiency, as well as antibacterial properties. The membrane we present here provides a simple and effective platform for wastewater remediation with a low energy consumption.

Novel approaches of mycosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Pleurotus sajor-caju extract and their biological and environmental applications.

In this study, mycosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) are fabricated via Pleurotus sajor-caju mushroom extract, and their potential medical and environmental applications are demonstrated. The biosynthesized ZnONPs were assessed for their antibacterial, anticancer, and biodecolorization potential efficiency. They were also characterized and morphologically analyzed by UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, Zeta potential, and GC-MS analysis. The UV visible spectrum analysis of synthesized ZnONPs analyzed outcome 354nm was the SPR peak that the nanoparticles displayed. The characteristic Zn-O bond was indicated by a strong peak in the FT-IR study at 432.05cm-1. Based on XRD analysis, P. sajor-caju mediated ZnONPs were crystalline nature, with an average nano particle size of 14.21nm and a polydispersity directory of 0.29. The nanoparticles exhibit modest constancy, as shown by their zeta potential value of - 33.2mV. The presence of oxygen and zinc was verified by EDX analysis. The ZnONPs were found to be spherical in shape and crystalline nature structure, with smooth surface morphology and a mean particle size of 10nm using HR-TEM and SAED analysis. The significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus (6.2 ± 0.1), S. mutans (5.4 ± 0.4), and B. subtilis (5.2 ± 0.1mm) was demonstrated by the synthesized ZnONPs made using mushroom extract. It was discovered that when the concentration of mushroom extract was increased together with synthesized ZnONPs, the bactericidal activity increased considerably. A higher concentration of ZnONPs demonstrated superior antibacterial activity across the ZnONPs ratio tests. The in vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that ZnONPs, even at low doses, had a substantial number of cytotoxic effects on liver cancer cells (LC50 values 47.42µg/mL). The effectiveness test revealed that acid blue 129 was degraded. The best decolorization of acid blue 129 at 72.57% after 3h of soaking serves as evidence for the theory that myco-synthesized ZnONPs by P. sajor-caju mushroom can function as catalysts in reducing the dye. The mycosynthesized ZnONPs from P. sajor-caju extract, and its potential for antibacterial, anticancer, and decolorization are in this investigation. The mycosynthesized ZnONPs suggest a novel use for nanoparticles in the creation of environmental and medicinal products.

Combination of Intracanal Medicines with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Effective Eradication of Enterococcus faecalis

Background: Intracanal-resistant infections are the most important reason for root canal treatment failure. Therefore, cleaning the root canals is crucial. The efficiency of nanomedicines in eliminating intracanal contaminations and preventing bacterial attachment to surfaces are new strategies in this field. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of intracanal medicines, including calcium hydroxide (CH), zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO), pantoprazole (PP), and chlorhexidine (CHX) on Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in the individual and combinatorial form in an in vitro design in order to introduce an effective medicine for the eradication of E. faecalis. Sterilized water and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) 5.25% were used as the negative and positive control of antimicrobial activity, respectively. Methods: E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) was used for bacterial assays. The powder and the gel forms of the tested compounds were used in the analysis. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the medicines were evaluated by the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination using the broth microdilution method. The anti-biofilm effect of the tested compounds was assessed by Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC). The antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of antimicrobial agent combinations were detected using the checkerboard assay and determination of the Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI). Time-kill kinetics were conducted at zero, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h. Results: Except for the MIC of the NaOCl, which was significantly lower than CH, there was no statistically significant difference between groups in MIC and MBIC. Only the mixture of CHX and nZnO and the mixture of PP and nZnO had a synergic effect against the planktonic and biofilm form of E. faecalis. Except for CHX and ZnO nanoparticles in gel form, other medicines did not show significant anti-biofilm effects against E. faecalis. Furthermore, the gel for CHX and nZnO showed stronger anti-biofilm effects. Conclusion: Combination therapy of common intracanal medicines with zinc oxide nanoparticles would lead to higher antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects against E. faecalis compared to conventional intracanal medicaments.

A convenient strategy for mitigating microplastics in wastewater treatment using natural light and ZnO nanoparticles as photocatalysts: A mechanistic study

Polypropylene microplastics (PPMPs) are one of the major emerging contaminants in the ecosystem due to their frequent usage and improper disposal practices. These PPMPs enter ecosystems via wastewater effluent plants and cause severe environmental health issues. In addition, quantifying PPMPs smaller than 50 μm in wastewater plant extraction is very difficult. Thus, the current study was designed to mitigate the PPMPs using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) as a photocatalyst under sunlight. The photocatalytic reaction was examined using spectroscopic techniques and microscopic imaging. The findings indicated that the weight loss percentage of PPMPs increased, and a decrease in UV–Vis DRS peak intensities was observed. The spectroscopic results elucidated the formation of free radicals, which affect the PPMPs and lead to the formation of carbonyl, allylic, and unsaturated groups. Further, EDS reports clarified that there is increased oxygen content due to the photooxidation process and the disintegration of the polymer chain owing to decreased carbon levels. Overall, ZnO photocatalyst absorbs photons from the visible spectrum of sunlight and forms free radicals, which affect the PPMPs to initiate polymer deterioration. Also, the current study revealed the mechanistic pathway of PPMP degradation under the photocatalytic reaction as proposed in the results obtained above.

Exploring the insights of bioslurry-Nanoparticle amalgam for soil amelioration.

In response to global agricultural challenges, this review examines the synergistic impact of bioslurry and biogenic nanoparticles on soil amelioration. Bioslurry, rich in N, P, K and beneficial microorganisms, combined with zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized through eco-friendly methods, demonstrates remarkable soil improvement capabilities. Their synergistic effects include enhanced nutrient availability through increased soil enzymatic activities, improved soil structure via stable aggregate formation, stimulated microbial activity particularly beneficial groups, enhanced water retention due to increased organic matter and modified soil surface properties and reduced soil pH fluctuations. These mechanisms significantly impact soil physico-chemical properties including cation exchange capacity, electrical conductivity and nutrient dynamics. This review analyses these effects and their implications for sustainable agricultural practices, focusing on crop yield improvements, reduced chemical fertilizer dependence and enhanced plant stress tolerance. Knowledge gaps such as long-term nanoparticle accumulation effects and impacts on non-target organisms are identified. Future research directions include optimizing bioslurry-nanoparticle ratios for various soil types and developing "smart" nanoparticle-enabled biofertilizers with controlled release properties. This innovative approach contributes to environmentally friendly farming practices, potentially enhancing global food security and supporting sustainable agriculture transitions. The integration of bioslurry and biogenic nanoparticles presents a promising solution to soil degradation and agricultural sustainability challenges.

Enhancing Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell using Mn or Ce Doped and Co-doped ZnO Photoanodes with Lawsonia Inermis Natural Dye

Abstract In the present research paper, Mn (transition metal) and Ce (rare earth metal) doped and co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using a cost-effective sol-gel technique. As synthesized samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscope to examine the structure and morphology respectively. The optical properties were examined by UV-Visible and photoluminescence spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized samples were used as photoanode for the fabrication of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The utilization of a photoanode, containing Mn and Ce doped and co-doped in ZnO, in DSSC leads to a significant enhancement in photovoltaic conversion efficiency with natural dye lawsonia inermis. Different combinations of Mn or Ce doped and co-doped ZnO nanoparticles were used for testing their effectiveness as photoanode in DSSC. It was observed that the efficiency for Mn and Ce co-doped ZnO photoanode-based DSSC was found to be 0.2118%, which is approximately a 750% increase as compared to bare ZnO photoanode based DSSC. The enhancement in the efficiency of DSSCs was due to the formation of a blocking layer by Mn ions which helps to stop the flow of electrons backward and the broadening of the spectrum region with the help of Ce ions using up/down conversion process also helps to achieve higher efficiency. This enhancement in the efficiency of DSSC may be attributed to the synergic effect of Mn and Ce.

The treatment of food industries wastewater using synthesised zinc oxide nanoparticles

ABSTRACT Food and dairy processing industries consume large quantities of clean water for various processes throughout the plant operations and consequently generate large amounts of wastewater. The objective of this study is to treat the wastewater of food and dairy industries using ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to control the pH level and reduce contamination levels. The wastewater from three industries was tested for pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). The ZnO NPs are prepared with an average size of less than 100 nm by using a simple precipitation method. The obtained particles were characterised by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) proving the nano size of Zinc Oxide nano particles. The effluents have been treated with the ZnO NPs by varying doses resulting in reducing all contaminants to an acceptable level as recommended by concerned environmental organisations.

ZnO/carbon quantum dots nanocomposites derived from Moringa oleifera gum: An improved catalytic vitiation of methylene blue dye

The present study reports on the enhanced photocatalytic and chemocatalytic performance of ZnO/carbon dots (CDs) nanocomposites for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. Carbon quantum dots were prepared by employing Moringa oleifera gum powder as a carbon source through the hydrothermal process. ZnO/CQDs nanocomposites were synthesized by dispersing ZnO nanoparticles into carbon quantum dot solution. The obtained samples were characterized by using techniques like FTIR, UV, and SEM with EDX analysis. When the methylene blue (MB) dye was exposed to visible light at room temperature, the ZnO/CQDs nanocomposites photocatalyst exhibited more photocatalytic and chemocatalytic activity than the pure ZnO nanoparticle photocatalyst. Antibacterial activity and cytotoxic assay of ZnO/CQDs nanocomposites were also investigated. In addition to protecting the environment, the purpose of this research is to create a new visible-light photocatalyst for the effective treatment of organic wastewater.

Superhydrophobicity, Photocatalytic Self-Cleaning and Biocidal Activity Combined in a Siloxane-ZnO Composite for the Protection of Limestone.

The erosion phenomena of the natural stone in cultural heritage are induced by various sources. Consequently, the development of multifunctional protective materials that combine two or more useful properties is an effective strategy in addressing the synergistic effects of various erosion mechanisms. A multifunctional coating, consisting of a silane-based precursor and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), is produced and tested for the protection of limestone. The hybrid coating combines the following three properties: superhydrophobicity, including water-repellency, photocatalytic self-cleaning and biocidal activity. The relative concentration of the NPs (0.8% w/w), used for the suggested composite coating, is carefully selected according to wetting studies, colourimetric measurements and durability (tape peeling) tests. The non-wetting state is evidenced on the surface of the composite coating by the large contact angle of water drops (≈153°) and the small contact angle hysteresis (≈5°), which gives rise to a physical self-cleaning scenario (lotus effect). The photocatalytic chemical self-cleaning is shown with the removal of methylene blue, induced by UV-A radiation. Moreover, it is shown that the suggested coating hinders the incubation of E. coli and S. aureus, as the inhibitions are 94.8 and 99.9%, respectively. Finally, preliminary studies reveal the chemical stability of the suggested coating.

Degradation of Microplastics by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Piper longum Leaf Extract.

Background: The environmental hazards posed by microplastics have drawn considerable concern due to their buildup in ecosystems. Microplastics accumulate in human saliva, skin, and hair. Developing effective technology for managing and degrading microplastics remains a substantial challenge. In a concerted attempt to save the ecology, this study explores the photocatalytic breakdown of common microplastics like polystyrene (PS) microspheres and polyethylene (PE) using green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) under UV light exposure. Aim: To synthesize and characterize zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared using the extract of the leaves of Piper longumand qualitatively assess the photocatalytic degradation potential of the nanoparticles under light microscopy. Material and Methods:A fresh extract of P. longum leaves was used as a reducing agent to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, UV-Vis spectra analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were performed to characterize the nanoparticles. Microplastics were isolated from the saliva of 50 healthy patients and were purified and filtered. In a six-well microtiter plate, 0.5 μg of varying concentrations of nanoparticles were added. After fixing with 15% formaldehyde, microplasticswere subjected to UV irradiation for 2 hours with different concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles (25, 50, 75,and 100 µg). Custom photoreactors activated the photocatalysts to degrade the microplastic pollutants. The six-well microtiter plate was viewed under 40x magnification in a light microscope to observe microplastic morphology after 24 hours of degradation. Results: The FTIR spectrum showed distinct peaks at 890.51 cm⁻¹, indicating the involvement of C-N in-plane vibrations of amino acids. XRD analysis revealed three distinct diffraction peaks at 31.68°, 34.39°, and 36.33°, corresponding to the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO nanoparticles. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles ranged from 50 to 90 nm in size, viewed at 100x magnification on SEM. The highest degradation of microplastics was observed ataZnO NPconcentration of 100 µL, with the ZnO NPs 50-90 nm in size. Conclusion: Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using Piper longum leaf extract effectively degrade microplastics, with the highest degradation observed at a 100 µL concentration of ZnO nanoparticles and optimal degradation occurring at a concentration of 75 µL.

Leveraging colloid and interface science for long-term marine performance of hybrid coatings: Effects of different nanoparticles on anticorrosion and antifouling properties

This study leveraged the unique colloidal and interfacial properties of synthesized SiO2, ZnO, and carbon (CN) nanoparticles as effective nanofillers to enhance the anti-corrosion and antifouling properties of PMMA coatings. By optimizing nanoparticle dispersion, stability, and functional performance within the polymer matrix, we achieved improved surface roughness, hydrophobicity, mechanical stability, and antimicrobial properties. Hybrid coatings containing 1.5 wt% of these nanoparticles were applied to stainless steel (SS) substrates and evaluated through water contact angle measurements, pull-off adhesion strength tests, antibacterial assays, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results demonstrate that the synergistic effects of SiO2, ZnO, and CN nanoparticles significantly enhance the coatings' anticorrosion and antifouling characteristics by increasing hydrophobicity, total impedance, and antibacterial activity via reactive oxygen species generated by ZnO and CN. Additionally, over two years, the coating’s long-term protection was assessed by submerging coupons at a 6-meter depth in the Bocana Chica reef barrier, a site with rapid biofouling colonization, making this test a demanding evaluation.

Green Synthesis of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and its Photocatalytic Activity

Green Synthesis of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and its Photocatalytic Activity