Removal Of Zinc Ions Research Articles

Simultaneous removal of copper, nickel and zinc ions from aqueous phase by using mould

Simultaneous removal of copper, nickel and zinc ions from aqueous phase by using mould

Carbon nanomaterial-based aerogels for improved removal of copper(ii), zinc(ii), and lead(ii) ions from water

Carbon-based aerogels have the capability of high adsorption removal of copper, lead, and zinc metal ions from water systems.

Removal of Copper, Nickel, and Zinc Ions from an Aqueous Solution through Electrochemical and Nanofiltration Membrane Processes

Heavy metal contamination in water is a major health concern, directly related to rapid growth in industrialization, urbanization, and modernization in agriculture. Keeping this in view, the present study has attempted to develop models for the process optimization of nanofiltration (NF) membrane and electrocoagulation (EC) processes for the removal of copper, nickel, and zinc from an aqueous solution, employing the response surface methodology (RSM). The variable factors were feed concentration, temperature, pH, and pressure for the NF membrane process; and time, solution pH, feed concentration, and current for the EC process, respectively. The central composite design (CCD), the most commonly used fractional factorial design, was employed to plan the experiments. RSM models were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). For the NF membrane, the rejection of Zn, Ni, and Cu was observed as 98.64%, 90.54%, and 99.79% respectively; while the removal of these through the EC process was observed as 99.81%, 99.99%, and 99.98%, respectively. The above findings and a comparison with the conventional precipitation and adsorption processes apparently indicate an advantage in employing the NF and EC processes. Further, between the two, the EC process emerged as more efficient than the NF process for the removal of the studied metals.

Removal of Copper (II), Zinc (II), Cobalt (II), and Nickel (II) Ions by PIMs Doped 2-Alkylimidazoles.

Polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) are an attractive approach to the separation of metals from an aqueous solution. This study is concerned with the use of 2-alkylimidazoles (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl) as ion carriers in PIMs. It investigates the separation of copper (II), zinc (II), cobalt (II), and nickel (II) from aqueous solutions with the use of polymer inclusion membranes. PIMs are formed by casting a solution containing a carrier (extractant), a plasticizer (o-NPPE), and a base polymer such as cellulose triacetate (CTA) to form a thin, flexible, and stable film. The topics discussed include transport parameters, such as the type of carrier, initial fluxes, separation coefficients of copper in relation to other metals, as well as transport recovery of metal ions. The membrane was characterized using AFM and SEM to obtain information on its composition.

Naked-eye detection and sustainable removal of zinc ions in water by a conjugated polymer with ratiometric absorption

A conjugated polymer with ratiometric absorption, namely poly-deca-4,6-diynedioic acid (PDDA), has been developed for the naked-eye detection of zinc ions (Zn 2+ ) in water samples. This probe possesses both excellent Zn 2+ selectivity and great sensitivity based on the absorption ratio change of PDDA upon the addition of Zn 2+ . The water-soluble PDDA is able to detect Zn 2+ in the pH range of 6.4–10.4, and the detection of Zn 2+ by PDDA is not affected by the presence of other metal ions and anions. PDDA appears yellow with a maximal absorption at 468 nm, and shows a significant color change from yellow to orange when Zn 2+ reaches 1.0 mg/L (the national standard of China), and to pink color when Zn 2+ reaches 3.0 mg/L (the World Health Organization recommended level). Notably, PDDA also serves as a reusable adsorbent to effectively remove Zn 2+ in water samples, with an average recovery rate of 97.75% for PDDA and a removal efficiency of 84.54% for Zn 2+ . PDDA herein represents an unprecedented probe integrating the rapid and accurate naked-eye identification of Zn 2+ , as well as the efficient and sustainable removal of Zn 2+ in water media. • PDDA is a conjugated polymer with ratiometric absorption and chromism • Visual detection of Zn 2+ by significant color change of PDDA. • Excellent Zn 2+ selectivity and great sensitivity. • Reusable adsorbent to effectively remove Zn 2+ in water samples (98% turnover rate).

Fabrication of Polysulfone-Surface Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposite Membranes for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater.

Membranes are an efficient way to treat emulsified heavy metal-based wastewater, but they generally come with a trade-off between permeability and selectivity. In this research, the amine and sulphonic groups on the inner and outer surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were first modified by a chemical approach. Then, MSNs with amine and sulphonic groups were utilized as new inorganic nanofiller to fabricate mixed matrix polysulfone (PSU) nanocomposite membranes using the classical phase inversion approach. The resultant nanoparticles and membranes were characterized by their physico-chemical characteristics as well as determination of pure water permeability along with cadmium and zinc ion removal. Embedding nanoparticles resulted in a significant rise in the water permeability as a result of changes in the surface properties and porosity of the membrane. Furthermore, the efficiency of developed membranes to remove cadmium and zinc was significantly improved by more than 90% due to the presence of functional groups on nanoparticles. The functionalized-MSNs/PSU nanocomposite membrane has the potential to be an effective industrial effluent removal membrane.

Biosorption potentials of sawdust in removing zinc ions from aqueous solution

Timber processing industries generate enormous waste, which constitutes environmental nuisance. However, the sawdust contains several organic compounds that could actively remove heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution through the adsorption process. This study investigated the efficacy of sawdust of Albizia zygia and Gmelina arborea in removing Zinc (II) under two factors affecting adsorption, Contact time and pH. Sawdust samples were sieved through a screen size of 2.0mm, after which a portion of sawdust for each species was subject to pre-treatment by boiling while the other parts were kept as control samples (untreated). The effect of pH on the removal efficiency of the biosorbent was determined by adding 0.2g of the sawdust (treated and untreated) into six conical flasks containing the metal solution (50ppm) at different pH values. There was a significant difference in the removal efficiency of both treated and untreated samples for both species. Removal efficiency also increased with time, with maximum Zn (II) biosorption achieved at 90 minutes. Removal efficiency increased with pH and reached optimum pH of 4. Both species' maximum Zn (II) biosorption (Albizia zygia = 17.22, Gmelina arborea = 17.92) compared favourably with other biosorbent used in previous studies. From this study and based on availability, cost-effectiveness, ability to be recovered and reused, sawdust of Albizia zygia and Gmelina arborea are proven alternative adsorbents treatment of water towards ensuring that quality water is available for humans, plants, and animals.

Numerical Implementation of Electrokinetics for Removal of Heavy Metals from Granite Waste

The goal of the study is to incorporate the electrokinetic models and estimate the remediation time for maximum removal of heavy metals (HMs) from polluted soils. Most of the conventional electrokinetic technologies have not considered the electrokinetic models in the removal of HMs from polluted soils. We addressed this problem and incorporated the electrokinetics and applied for experimental Electrokinetic Soil Remediation (EKSR) process particularly, to extract the numerical data between removal performance of HMs versus remediation time with help of the MATLAB program. In the experimental study, chelating chemical agents (citric acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)) were used in EKSR process under constant voltage gradient (2V/cm) for the removal of Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) ions from granite dump soil. We experimentally investigated that the removal performance of HMs in chelating agents enhanced EKSR were about 6 to7 times more than when unenhanced in 20 days of treatment. Furthermore, we estimated the remediation time about 52 to 54 days for complete removal of HMs using electrokinetic models. The study may be useful for the researcher’s particularly, in the soil decontamination studies to overcome the uncertainty in the process optimization and scale-up the process to the pilot plant and field level.

Study of Polyvinyl Alcohol-SiO2 Nanoparticles Polymeric Membrane in Wastewater Treatment Containing Zinc Ions.

The main goal of the present paper was to synthesize the polyvinyl alcohol-SiO2 nanoparticles polymeric membrane by wet-phase inversion method. The efficiency of prepared membranes (without and with SiO2) was investigated using a versatile laboratory electrodialysis system filled with simulated wastewaters that contain zinc ions. All experiments were performed at following conditions: the applied voltage at electrodes of 5, 10 and 15 V, a concentration of zinc ions solution of 2 g L−1, time for each test of 1 h and at room temperature. The demineralization rate, extraction percentage of zinc ions, current efficiency and energy consumption were determined. The polymeric membranes were characterized by Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The higher value of percentage removal of zinc ions (over 65%) was obtained for the polymeric membrane with SiO2 nanoparticles, at 15 V. The FTIR-ATR spectra show a characteristic peak located at ~1078 cm−1 assigned to the Si-O-Si asymmetrical stretching. SEM images of the polymeric membrane with SiO2 nanoparticles show that the nanoparticles and polymer matrix were well compatible. The impedance results indicated that the SiO2 nanoparticles induced the higher proton conductivity. The final polymeric membranes can be used for the removal of various metallic ions, dyes, organic or inorganic colloids, bacteria or other microorganisms from different natural waters and wastewaters.

Removal of Lead(II) and Zinc(II) from Aqueous Solutions Applying Fibber Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.)

Abstract Lead and zinc are heavy metals with toxic properties. These chemical elements are found in wastewater. The article deals with the removal of lead(II) and zinc(II) ions from polluted water using adsorption. As object of researches was selected natural polymer - fibber hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Big quantities of fibber hemp are produced as waste in textile, agricultural industry, and therefore their usage could help to solve two problems -reducing quantity of fibber hemp as waste and reducing of water pollution by heavy metals. Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions adsorption with fibber hemp was investigated for contact time, pH, and heavy metal ions concentration impact. Pb(II) and Zn(II) ions biosorption rate was highest within the first hour, with optimal their biosorption recorded at pH = 5.0. Highest lead and zinc ions removal efficiency was recorded after 240-480 min and reached 60.5 and 61.7 % respectively. This study demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of fibber hemp in lead and zinc ions removal, which could be applied for the sewage treatment plant in small scale.

New perception of Zn(II) and Mn(II) removal mechanism on sustainable sunflower biochar from alkaline batteries contaminated water

The combination of several methods (X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, infrared spectroscopy) was applied to study the changes that have occurred during the adsorption of Zn(II) and Mn(II) ions on a carbonized sunflower sample for understanding a mechanism of heavy metals adsorption. Sunflower biochar was obtained from the stem and inflorescences sunflower wastes through pyrolysis at 600 °C for 30 min. According to the infrared spectroscopy and Boehm titration data, this carbonized material has acidic and basic functional groups on its surface, but they do not participate in the metal ions adsorption. However, the synthesized carbon proved to be a sustainable high-effective adsorbent for zinc(II) and manganese(II) ions removal with adsorption capacity 138.3 mg g−1 of Zn2+ and 45.4 mg g−1 for Mn2+. Surface analysis of the carbonized material by energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the presence of soluble and insoluble inorganic salts, such as KCl, NaCl, NaHCO3, KHCO3, CaCO3, MgCO3. It was established, that during the adsorption process, soluble salts are washed away, and new insoluble ones are formed assisting by Zn(II) and Mn(II) ions. It has been revealed that the adsorptive removal of Zn2+ and Mn2+ is caused by the precipitation mechanism. The efficiency of removing Zn(II) and Mn(II) ions from water contaminated with battery waste by the same mechanism is shown.

Removal of Ni and Zn heavy metal ions from industrial waste waters using modified slag of electric arc furnace

In the present study modified slag of electric arc furnace which itself is considered as an industrial waste material was used to eliminate nickel and zinc metals from industrial waste water. The modified slag was characterized by SEM, XRD and XRF analyses and it was demonstrated that it could be used as an efficient novel adsorbent. Experimental and thermodynamic evaluations of heavy metal removal efficiency were carried out at different conditions including temperatures of 25, 35 and 50 °C. In addition, in order to develop this process on an industrial scale, optimization of different parameters such as contact time, metallic ion concentration, adsorbent amount, adsorbent particle size, temperature, pH, etc was carried out. Results showed that the optimum conditions for removal of nickel and zinc ions were at the adsorbent dosage of 30 mg L−1, adsorbent particles size finer than 75 μm and adsorption time of 3 h. Moreover, by increasing the process temperature, the adsorbing efficiency was improved. Kinetic investigations displayed that the adsorption of metallic ions was more likely correlated with the pseudo-first-order model than the pseudo-second-order model and diffusion model. Additionally, the correlation coefficient indicated that the Freundlich adsorption model predicted more precisely than that of the Langmuir model for adsorption of nickel and zinc metallic ions.

Separation of nickel and zinc from aqueous solution using triethylenetetramine

This study investigates the most suitable conditions for the combined separation of nickel and zinc ions from aqueous solution using triethylenetetramine (Trien) as a neutral organic chelating ligand and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as an anionic collector for ion flotation. The interaction of nickel ions with Trien at various pHs and Trien concentrations, and that of nickel ions with SDS, are studied spectrophotometrically. The results show that most suitable conditions for ion flotation are a pH of 9.7, a Trien/Ni(II) mole ratio of 2 and an SDS/Ni(II) mole ratio of 2. Flotation results for the nickel–zinc–SDS-Trien solution show that nickel ion removal is higher than that for zinc ions, indicating that the order of ion removal is opposite to the order of increasing crystal ionic radius. The stability constant of the nickel-Trien complex is greater than that for the zinc-Trien complex, leading to higher Trien interactions with nickel ions. At a pH of 9, the removal of nickel and zinc ions reaches a maximum of 88.4 and 79.9% respectively, corresponding to a 9% higher removal of nickel ions compared to zinc ions.

The Efficacy of Whole Oyster Shells for Removing Copper, Zinc, Chromium, and Cadmium Heavy Metal Ions from Stormwater

This research investigates the use of a common food waste product for removing four different types of metals typically found in stormwater. Whole, unprocessed oyster shells are explored for use in stormwater management infrastructure that addresses water quality concerns. The role of the shells’ surface area, exposure time, and the solution’s initial concentration on the removal efficiency were examined. Beaker scale experimental results demonstrated very good efficiency by the oyster shells for removing copper ions (80–95%), cadmium ions (50–90%), and zinc ions (30–80%) but the shells were not as effective in removing hexavalent chromium (20–60%). There was a positive relationship between initial concentration and removal efficiency for copper and zinc ions, a negative relationship for hexavalent chromium, and no relationship was found for cadmium ions. There was also a positive relationship between surface area and removal efficiency, and exposure time and removal efficiency. However, after a certain exposure time, the increase in removal efficiency was negligible and desorption was occasionally observed. A mid-scale experiment to mimic real-world conditions was conducted in which continuous inflow based on a 6-h design storm was applied to 2.7 kg of whole, unprocessed oyster shells. The shells provided an 86% and an 84% removal efficiency of cadmium and copper ions, respectively, in one day of hydraulic retention time. No removal was observed for hexavalent chromium, and zinc ion removal was only observed after initial leaching. This work has significant implications for sustainable stormwater infrastructure design using a material commonly found in municipal food waste.

Preparation and Characterization of Hybrids of Cellulose Acetate Membranes Blended with Polysulfone and Embedded with Silica for Copper(II), Iron(II) and Zinc(II) Removal from Contaminated Solutions

With the objective to assess the suitability of cellulose acetate (CA), polysulfone (PSF) and silica (SiO2) for wastewater treatment, this work presents the results of preparation and characterization of PSF blended CA hybrid filtration membranes (CA/PSF) as well as PSF blended and SiO2 embedded CA hybrid adsorption membranes (CA/PSF-SiO2) for copper(II), iron(II) and zinc(II) ions removal from contaminated aqueous solutions. The membranes were prepared by phase inversion, using granules of CA, PSF and SiO2 dissolved in N, N dimethyl formamide (DMF). From the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) used to determine the morphology of the membranes, different pore sizes are seen at their rough surfaces and cross sections. The porosity and pore sizes of the membranes, determined by differentiation varied from 26.8 ± 0.3 to 81.1 ± 0.3 µm and 1.26 to 1.38%, respectively. The contact angles of the membranes ranged between 49° and 76° on their glass side while their ranged between 56° and 77° on their air side. The hybrid filtration polymer membranes allowed the uptake of more than 90% of the metal ions initially present in the contaminated solutions which were concentrated at 40 mg L−1. Adsorption experiments were carried out with CA/PSF-SiO2 membranes. The adsorption capacity of these compounds was shown to be higher than numerous other literature-known adsorbents, reaching 70 mg g−1 for CA/PSF 85/15-SiO2 towards Cu(II). Finally, by coupling adsorption with ultrafiltration in the tangential mode, the removal of Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) was found to be improved, allowing to reach a removal efficiency of 95% towards Cu(II) at a metal concentration of 60 mg L−1, and a promising removal efficiency around 98% at a very high metal concentration of 900 mg L−1.

Zinc-Containing Effluent Treatment Using Shewanella xiamenensis Biofilm Formed on Zeolite.

The sorption properties of Shewanella xiamenensis biofilm formed on zeolite (mineral-organic sorbent) as a sorbent have been investigated aiming to determine its suitability for complex zinc-containing effluent treatment. The optimum conditions for metal sorption from synthetic solutions were evaluated by changing the pH, zinc concentration, temperature, and time of sorption. The highest removal of metal ions was attained at pH range 3.0–6.0 within 60–150 min of sorbent-sorbate contact. The results obtained from the equilibrium studies were described using the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin models. Maximum sorption capacity of the sorbent calculated from the Langmuir model changed from 3.4 to 6.5 mg/g. High coefficient of determination values calculated for pseudo-second-order and Elovich models indicate the predominant role of chemisorption in metal removal. Gibbs energy and ∆H° values point at the spontaneous and endothermic character of the sorption. The effect of pH and biosorbent mass on Zn(II) sorption from industrial effluent with an initial Zn(II) concentration of 52.8 mg/L was tested. Maximum removal of zinc ions (85%) was achieved at pH 6.0 by applying a two-step treatment system.

Application of statistical tools in the analysis of adsorption data

This study was carried out to analyse the experimental data by hypothesis testing using various statistical tests. It enabled us to make significant statements about the adsorption parameters. Dried mango leaf powder was used as an adsorbent to remove Cu (II), Zn (II) and Pb (II) ions from contaminated water samples. Student’s t-tests, F-test and Chi-square test and ANOVA were used for the analysis of data. The calculated values of t, F and chi-square were compared with their tabulated values listed in literature within 5% level of significance. Results showed the experimental data in an accepted region on the probability charts, signifying the validity of data % zinc ions removed, equilibrium time, the effectiveness of adsorption in the removal of zinc ions, equality of variance of two samples of different concentrations and difference of means of multiple samples.

Removal of Zinc(II) Ions from Wastewater Using Natural Zeolites

The kinetics of the adsorption of zinc(II) ions by natural zeolites was studied using pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The objects of study were zeolites mined in East Transbaikalia. The X-ray phase analysis and IR spectroscopy data confirmed that natural zeolite-containing rock samples have the following composition: calcium heulandite Ca[Al2Si7O18]⋅6H2O and impurity rocks, namely, sanidine KAlSi3O8 and cristobalite SiO2. The dependence of the adsorption value on zeolite grain size was studied. It was shown that the adsorption value increases 3.8 times and reaches 0.075 mol/g as the grain size decreases from 5 to 0.1 mm. The kinetic study of zinc(II) ions adsorption was performed at pH 5.0–5.4 in the temperature range of 298–318 K. In a zeolite–zinc sulfate aqueous solution system, the adsorption equilibrium time was 120 min. It was shown that the zinc(II) ions adsorption rate decreases under the temperature increase. It was established that the kinetics of zinc(II) ions adsorption is best described by a pseudo-second-order model, the correlation coefficient values varying in the range of 0.998–0.999. The highest adsorption rate constant value of 0.446 g/(mmol⋅mm) corresponds to the temperature of 298 K. It was shown that zeolites demonstrate the highest adsorption value towards heavy metal ions at the temperature of wastewater. The proof-of-principle studies were performed to establish the feasibility of the recovery of copper(II), nickel(II), and zinc(II) ions from wastewater produced by galvanic manufacture using the studied minerals. The treatment process was performed under the conditions determined as optimal for model solutions. The efficiency of heavy metal ions removal was 85–89%.

Synthesis and characterization of magnetic activated carbon from Ceiba pentandra fiber for zinc ion removal

One of the heavy metals contained in the electroplating industrial wastewater is zinc. Adsorption is found to be one of the most effective methods for zinc ion removal from aqueous solution due to low cost and simple to operate. The main purpose of this study was to use cotton (Ceiba pentandra) fiber as a precursor to developing a magnetic activated carbon (MAC) for zinc ion removal. The activation process was carried out using potassium hydroxide (KOH) by conventional heating using a tubular furnace at a temperature of 500°C for 2 hours under a stream of nitrogen (N2), while the magnetization process was carried out using co-precipitation method. The adsorption of zinc ion onto MAC was recorded to be 96% at a solution pH of 5 and contact time of 180 min. The adsorption of zinc onto AC is fitted well by the Freundlich isotherm model, while the zinc-MAC system is described well by the Langmuir isotherm model. Meanwhile, the pseudo second order kinetic model is suitable for AC and MAC. Owing to low cost and high efficiency, MAC prepared from Ceiba pentandra fiber can be used as an effective adsorbent for zinc ion removal from industrial wastewater.

Highly efficient adsorptive membrane for heavy metal removal based on Ulva fasciata biomass

New composite adsorptive membranes were prepared from non-living Ulva fasciata (U), marine algae and cellulose acetate (CA) as polymer matrix to develop CA–U composite membranes with different ratios using the phase inversion technique. These CA–U membranes were used for cadmium (Cd2+) and zinc (Zn2+) ion removal from aqueous media. The prepared membranes were characterized via different instrumental techniques as ATR-FTIR, SEM and EDX in addition to swelling and porosity measurements. Afterwards, they were optimized for Cd2+ and Zn2+ removal through one factor at a time (OFAT) trials followed by full factorial design. The morphology and porosity measurements were highly affected by the addition of Ulva fasciata biosorbent and showed a large increase of the size and density of pores of the CA–U membrane. Maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of 95.2 and 91.7 mg/g were obtained for Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions, respectively. Results established that all isotherm models attained R2 more than 0.9, where the Langmuir isotherm achieved the highest one with R2 0.9993 for Cd2+ and 0.9965 for Zn2+, and the adsorption process belongs to the pseudo-1st-order kinetic model. The CA–U membrane displayed a higher affinity for Cd2+ and Zn2+ ion removal by three to four times than the blank CA membrane. Furthermore, 3R processes (removal, recovery and re-use) were applied and indicated the suitability of this system in heavy metal removal with high efficiency.