Zinc In Human Serum Research Articles

Simultaneously determination of copper and zinc in human serum and urine samples based on amoxicillin drug by dispersive ionic liquid- liquid microextraction coupled to flame atomic absorption spectrometry

In this work the effect of amoxicillin on copper and zinc (Cu and Zn) deficiency was evaluated by determining of Cu and Zn concentration in human serum and urine samples. By dispersive ionic liquid cloud point extraction procedure (DIL-CPE), 0.03 g of pure amoxicillin drug was added to mixture of 0.1 g of hydrophobic ionic liquid and 0.2 mL acetone which was injected to 2 mL of serum or urine samples which was diluted with DW up to 10 mL. The cloudy solution was shacked for 7 min and Cu and Zn ions was extracted based on sulfur group on amoxicillin ligand at pH of 7 by DIL-CPE. Then, the solution centrifuged and after back extraction with I mL of nitric acid (0.2 M), the remained solution was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (F-AAS).

Unconventional application of gold nanoclusters/Zn-MOF composite for fluorescence turn-on sensitive detection of zinc ion

Contrary to organic solvent-induced aggregation of Au nanoclusters (AuNCs), herein, we reported aggregation induced emission enhancement (AIEE) of AuNCs in an aqueous media through confinement of AuNCs by in situ formed Zn-MOF for detecting Zn2+. Glutathione capped AuNCs (GSH-AuNCs) was synthesized through reduction of Au3+ by glutathione. Zn2+ could significantly enhance the fluorescence of GSH-AuNCs upon addition of 2-methylimidazole, which was attributed to the formation of Zn-MOF. XRD and TEM were used to characterize the in situ formed Zn-MOF. Zn2+ induced aggregation was demonstrated by dynamic light scattering and TEM. The quantum yields (QYs) of AuNCs after aggregation induced by in situ formed Zn-MOF attained to 36.6%, which was nearly 9 times that of the sole AuNCs. On this basis, a fluorogenic sensor was reported for Zn2+ detection with a linear range from 12.3 nM to 24.6 μM and a detection limit of 6 nM (S/N = 3). The proposed sensor was successfully applied to assay the content of zinc in human serum, milk, water, and zinc sulfate syrup oral solution samples. The novel strategy proposed in this work may open a new window of interest in an unconventional application of gold nanoclusters/MOF nanoscale platform for metal ion detection and nutritional assessment of food.

Fast Determination of Iron and Zinc in Hair and Human Serum Samples After Alkaline Solubilization by GF AAS

Methods for the development and validation for determination of iron and zinc in human serum and hair samples by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF AAS) were performed. Solubilization was immediate by manual agitation in both samples with a 10 mL volume sample plus deionized water. Optimum pyrolysis and atomization temperatures were obtained by pyrolysis and atomization temperature curves in both matrices. For serum samples, the best temperatures were 1400 and 2500 °C (Fe) and 700 and 1600 °C (Zn), respectively. For hair samples, the best temperatures were 1000 and 2400 °C (Fe) and 800 and 1600 °C (Zn), respectively. Permanent modifiers and zirconium presented best the results for Zn in both matrices and for Fe in serum. Permanent modifier Nb was best for hair Zn. Serum and hair values were in agreement with the certified values for analytes and certified samples. The determined values for serum Fe and hair certified samples were 1.40 ± 0.2 and 114 ± 18 mg L-1, respectively. For Zn certified reference materials (CRMs), the certified samples values were 1720 ± 32 µg L-1 and 172 ± 5 mg kg-1. Simple, accurate and precise, this method represents a cost-effective detection protocol suitable for sample analysis for diagnosis of micronutrient malnutrition.

Evaluation of the Randox colorimetric serum copper and zinc assays against atomic absorption spectroscopy

Analysis of copper and zinc in serum is commonly performed using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS); however, these methods are often not readily available in smaller laboratories. Randox colorimetric assays for copper and zinc in serum were evaluated on the Thermo Electron Data Pro analyser against flame AAS methods. Copper and zinc were measured in 48 serum samples using the Randox colorimetric copper (CU2340) and zinc (ZN2341) assays on the Data Pro analyser and the results compared with those from a Varian Spectra 880 atomic absorption spectrometer. A smaller set of samples (n = 15) were also analysed colorimetrically for zinc on the Roche Cobas Mira. Linear regression analyses of Bland and Altman plots from the Data Pro - AAS comparison gave the following results for copper: correlation r = 0.6669 (P < 0.01), slope = -0.2499 (P < 0.01), intercept = 3.219 (P < 0.01). For zinc, results were as follows: correlation r = 0.1976, slope = 0.1807, intercept = -1.922. For the smaller set of samples, the Cobas Mira - AAS comparison for zinc gave correlation r = 0.4379, slope = 0.5294, intercept = -4.074. The results indicated significant systematic and fixed bias between the colorimetric copper and the AAS method. Performances in comparison to AAS methods indicated the colorimetric methods, as used, are unsuitable for the accurate determination of copper and zinc in human serum.

Development of determination methods for ultra-trace metal ions of medical and environmental importance by HPLC

The potential neurotoxicity of transferrin-bound aluminium has recently received increasing attention. A simple, sensitive, and selective method has been developed for the determination of transferrin-bound aluminium with 8-quinolinol by using affinity chromatography combined with kinetic differentiation mode HPLC. The most remarkable point of this method is that only transferrin-bound aluminium ion selectively response among many metal ions in human serum. The complex formation of released aluminium with 8-quinolinol is completed on the first column, which has an affinity to transferrin. The aluminium chelate is separated from the serum matrix on the second column, and detected at Ex 370nm, Em 504nm. It is well recognized that zinc is one of the important elements for human body. Although analytical applications of porphyrin as a highly sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for zinc have been investigated, the reaction of metal ion with porphyrin is generally very slow. In order to overcome this difficulty, several accelerators such as nucleoside were reported. In this study, it was found that zinc-TCPP(α, β, γ, δ-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine) complex is quantitatively formed within 20min at room temperature in the presence of adenine. This effect has been successfully applied to the determination of zinc in human serum by HPLC. These proposed methods reported here will provide simple, rapid yet and sensitive techniques for trace elements of medical and environmental importance.

Accurate determination of iron, copper and zinc in human serum by isotope dilution analysis using double focusing ICP-MS

The development of an ICP-MS method for the determination of three essential trace elements, Fe, Cu and Zn, in human serum by isotope dilution analysis is described. A double focusing ICP mass spectrometer (ELEMENT) working at a nominal resolution of 3000 allowed the complete resolution of polyatomic ions overlapping the main isotopes of these elements. The isotope ratios measured for the determination of Fe, Cu and Zn were 57 Fe/ 56 Fe, 65 Cu/ 63 Cu and 67 Zn/ 64 Zn, respectively. Instrumental parameters of the mass spectrometer were optimised for optimum precision, while keeping the total time of analysis under 6 min (2 min per element). The RSD values obtained for the isotope ratios of Fe (57/56), Cu (65/63) and Zn (67/64) were 0.7, 0.2 and 0.8%, respectively, for a natural standard aqueous solution of 50 µg l –1 . The measured isotope ratios were corrected for dead time on the detector and mass discrimination errors. The sample to spike ratio was optimised to minimise the relative error on the isotope ratio measurement. Serum samples were diluted 1+19 with ultrapure water after the addition of the 57 Fe, 65 Cu and 67 Zn spikes. The proposed method was validated by the analysis of NIST SRM 1598 Inorganic Constituents in Bovine Serum, the levels found being in agreement with the certified values. Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of 21 serum samples from healthy blood donors.

Direct Determination of Zinc in Human Serum by Flow-Injection Spectrophotometric Analysis

Flow-injection spectrophotometric analysis has been established for the determination of zinc at 1μg ml-1 level in serum using 5-Br-PAPS(2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-[N-n-propyl-N-(3-sulfopropyl)amino]phenol, disodium salt) as a chromogenic reagent. A 100μl portion of serum is directly injected into the carrier stream containing 5%(v/v) TMAH (tetramethylammonium hydroxide) and 0.5M trisodium citrate. After mixing with 0.01%(w/v) 5-Br-PAPS-0.5M ammonium acetate-7.2×10-3M salicylaldehyde oxime-1%(v/v) Triton X-100-0.5M hydrochloric acid solution, the absorbance of Zn-5-Br-PAPS complex is measured at 560nm. The proposed flow-injection system is fully controlled with a personal computer and permits 60 samples to be measured per hour. The relative standard deviation (n=50) for 1.2μgZn ml-1 solution is 3.3%.

Determination of selenium and zinc in human serum by instrumental neutron activation analysis with a cerium internal standard.

がん診断前に採血された血清試料について,セレン及び亜鉛濃度と,その後の発がんリスクとの関連を疫学的に明らかにするため,セリウムを内標準とする機器中性子放射化分析法(INAA)による,少量(0.2ml以下)のヒト血清中のセレンと亜鉛の同時定量法を確立した.方法の概要は以下のとおりである.一定量のセリウム標準溶液を添加した血清試料と比較標準溶液を合成石英管にとり,試料は凍結乾燥後減圧封人し,比較標準はそのまま減圧封人し,JRR-2(熱中性子束2.2×1013n cm-2s-1以上)で265.5時間照射をする.約1か月間冷却後,石英管表面をフッ化水素酸で約5μmエッチングし,Ge(Li)検出器で一定時間(4000秒以下)γ線スペクトルを測定する.試料及び比較標準試料の141Ceに対する75Seと65ZRのγ線ピーク面積比から試料中のセレン及び亜鉛含量を算出する.同一試料14個による定量値のRSDは3.0%(Se)及び5.2%(Zn)であった.本法による血清試料及びNISTBovinc Liver標準試料(SRM1577,SRMI577a)の定量値は,NISTの保証値を含む他の方法による定量値と,極めてよく一致することが確認された.

035 Isolation of proteins binding zinc in human serum. Advantage of immuno affinity chromatography against gel filtration

035 Isolation of proteins binding zinc in human serum. Advantage of immuno affinity chromatography against gel filtration

Determination of the major zinc fractions in human serum by ultrafiltration

In this paper we report a method for measuring ultrafiltrable zinc in human serum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry. We show also that ultrafiltration permits to determine alpha-2-macroglobulin bound zinc and loosely bound zinc if a strong zinc ligand (EDTA) is added to serum before ultrafiltration. This last fraction, after deduction of ultrafiltrable zinc, represents roughly all albumin bound zinc. In 20 controls we found that ultrafiltrable zinc amounted 0.311 mumol/L (S.D. = 0.117 mumol/L), alpha-2 macroglobulin bound zinc 3.08 mumol/L (S.D. = 0.221 mumol/L), and albumin bound zinc 12.11 mumol/L (S.D. = 1.95 mumol/L). Our method needs only a small volume of serum, it is simple and rapid but also very accurate and reliable. The loosely bound fraction is very dynamic and, representing the physiologically active part of serum zinc, it could be a good marker of zinc deficiency.

Determination of non-protein-bound zinc in human serum using ultrafiltration and atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomisation.

Ultrafiltration through cellulose acetate membranes has been combined with electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry to measure non-protein-bound zinc in serum. The retention of zinc-binding proteins by ultrafiltration membranes is virtually complete. The effects of the matrix on the sensitivity of the method for zinc are overcome by the use of a matrix modifying reagent and by the addition of amino acids to the calibrating standards. To control the problems of contamination that are associated with the measurement of the metal at nanomolar concentrations, all equipment is washed with dilute hydrochloric acid before use and serum ultrafiltrates are analysed for zinc without preparative handling. The procedure is simple and requires only 400 µl of serum for duplicate analyses. The relative standard deviation for the determination of an ultrafiltrable serum zinc concentration of 90 nmol l–1 is 10.8%. The concentration of non-protein-bound zinc measured in sera from 17 healthy volunteers is 81 ± 16 nmol l–1 with a range of 62–112 nmol l–1. The effect of CO2 loss from samples has been investigated and inaccuracies resulting from the use of heparin-treated plasma samples are described.

Direct microcomputer controlled determination of zinc in human serum by flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry

A procedure is described for the direct determination of zinc in human serum by fully automated, microcomputer controlled flow injection atomic absorption spectrometry (Fl-AAS). The Fl system is pumpless, using the negative pressure created by the nebuliser. It only consists of a three-way valve, programmable from the microcomputer, to control the sample volume. No pre-treatment of the samples is necessary. The limit of detection is 0.14 mg l–1, and only small amounts of serum (<150 µl) are needed for the analysis. The accuracy, as estimated by analysing sera with known amounts of zinc, is excellent, and the between batch precision is ca. 5% RSD. Peak-area measurements are used in the procedure; as a consequence the quantitation can be carried out by use of an aqueous calibration graph. The sample throughput is 40 h–1, making the procedure well suited for routine clinical analysis.

Rapid determination of albumin-bound zinc in human serum by simple affinity chromatography and atomic-absorption spectrophotometry.

Rapid determination of albumin-bound zinc in human serum by simple affinity chromatography and atomic-absorption spectrophotometry.

Copper and zinc in human serum in Norway

Copper and zinc in human serum in Norway

Copper and zinc in human serum in Norway. Relationship to geography, sex and age.

Serum samples were collected from the adult population, age groups from 20 to 54 years, in 11 different Norwegian municipalities and analysed for zinc and copper by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Significant differences were found between several of the municipalities when the mean concentration of zinc in serum in 200 randomized samples were compared, with only two municipalities being different for copper. The values for zinc ranged from 13.8 to 18.3 mumol/l and copper varied between 16.3 and 19.2 mumol/l. An age related increase in the copper concentration was evident in the male population, and age-adjusted means showed a slight, but significantly higher serum copper concentration in females (18.4 mumol/l) than in males (16.5 mumol/l). For zinc the opposite sex-relationship was indicated with the highest values in males, 15.8 compared to 15.1 mumol/l in serum from females. No significant correlations were found between the concentrations of zinc and copper in serum. In all age groups of women, however, a small negative correlation was found giving a significant tendency.

A study of zinc distribution in human serum

The partition of zinc in human serum between two major zinc-binding proteins, albumin and α 2-macroglobulin, was studied in 28 control subjects and in 156 hospitalized patients. Albumin-bound zinc was both the major and the more dynamic of the serum zinc components. Over a wide range of values the concentrations of albumin-bound zinc and total serum zinc were highly correlated ( r=0.91) with each other, as were concentrations of albumin and albumin-bound zinc ( r=0.69). α 1-Macroglobulin-bound zinc was not strongly correlated either with total serum zinc or with the serum concentration of α 2-macroglobulin. Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of zinc was not correlated with any of the serum zinc parameters. To a large extent it appears that total serum zinc concentration reflects serum albumin concentration.