Zinc Aluminum Research Articles

Evaluating the Efficacy of Lead-Free Piezoelectric Materials in Microcantilever Based Vibration Energy Harvesters

Abstract The piezoelectric materials have been extensively utilized in various applications, such as sensors, actuators, and energy harvesters. This study evaluates the performance of six lead-free piezoelectric materials- aluminium nitride (AlN), barium titanate (BaTiO3), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), lithium tantalate (LiTaO3), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and zinc oxide (ZnO) in MEMS-based piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters (PVEHs) using cantilever configurations. Finite element analysis via COMSOL Multiphysics was employed to assess the deflection, voltage, and power outputs of these materials at their resonance frequencies, both with and without proof masses. The results indicate that BaTiO3 and PVDF cantilevers exhibited the highest voltage outputs, reaching 207.14 mV and 202.07 mV, respectively, with AlN also showing comparable performance at 184.72 mV. ZnO-based cantilevers demonstrated the highest power output of 1.35 nW without proof masses and 190.5 nW with proof masses, indicating its potential for high-power applications. The addition of proof masses generally reduced resonant frequencies but enhanced power outputs, like for ZnO. This comprehensive analysis underscores the critical impact of material selection and structural modifications on the efficiency of PVEHs, with BaTiO3, PVDF, and ZnO emerging as the most promising candidates for optimizing energy harvesting devices. This research lays a foundation for further advancements in piezoelectric MEMS technology, aiming for more efficient energy harvesting solutions.

Enhanced photodegradation of organic dyes using copper and zinc aluminate nanophotocatalysts

This study aims to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of CuxZn1-xAl2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) nanophotocatalysts synthesized via a sol-gel self-combustion method. Rietveld analysis confirmed the formation of single-phase spinels with a face-centered cubic structure and Fd-3m space group symmetry, while electron density distribution analysis supported the ionic character of bonding within the material. Subsequent UV–visible spectroscopy revealed that the addition of Cu(II) reduced the band gap from 4.66 eV to 2.54 eV, facilitating enhanced light absorption. Consequently, the catalyst with x = 0.8 deteriorated 95 % of methyl orange (MO) and 93 % of rhodamine-B (RhB) in 120 min of visible light irradiation, following a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The Cu0.8Zn0.2Al2O4 sample demonstrated significant reusability and stability, with degradation rates of 93–79 % for RhB and 95–81 % for MO after four cycles. Scavenging studies indicated that photoexcited holes (h), hydroxyl radicals (OH•), and superoxide radicals (O₂•⁻) were key factors in the degradation process. This study presents an improved approach for enhancing the photodegradation performance of the Cu0.8Zn0.2Al2O4 catalyst for pharmaceutical and wastewater treatment applications.

Preparation of Zinc–Lanthanum and Zinc–Aluminum–Lanthanum Layered Double Hydroxides and Analysis of Their Thermal Stabilization Mechanism on PVC

Preparation of Zinc–Lanthanum and Zinc–Aluminum–Lanthanum Layered Double Hydroxides and Analysis of Their Thermal Stabilization Mechanism on PVC

Metallic-based phthalocyanine nanoemulsions for photodynamic purging of ovarian tissue in leukemia patients

For cancer patients with a high risk of ovarian tissue metastasis, ovarian autotransplantation is not advised due to the potential spread of malignant cells. Ex vivo purging of ovarian fragments may offer a more suitable alternative for fertility restoration. Eradicating malignant cells should be done selectively without affecting follicles or ovarian stromal cells (SCs). As a clinically licensed method, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive treatment to destroy cancer cells. This study evaluates the effectiveness of nanoemulsions (NE) containing two phthalocyanine photosensitizers; aluminum (III) phthalocyanine (AlPc) and zinc (II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) in eliminating cancer cells. Human leukemic malignant (HL-60) and ovarian stromal cells (SCs) were treated with AlPc/ZnPc loaded NEs with or without diode laser irradiation. HL-60 leukemia cells in 2D culture were eliminated by treatment with 10nM AlPc-NE or 0.1µM ZnPc-NE, while no toxicity was observed in SCs. In 3D culture models, although the cells showed more resistance to the NEs as a result of limited oxygen and photosensitizer penetration, the treatment remained selective for cancer cells. These approaches have the potential to eliminate malignant cells from ovarian tissue fragments.

Influence of Transition Metal (Cu) and Rare Earth Metal (Dy) Co-doping on Spinel Zinc Ferrite (Cu0.1Dy0.08Zn0.9Fe1.92O4) for Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Industrial Effluents

In the present era, design and development of novel, highly stable, easily and magnetically separable, cost effective, and visible light driven catalytic material for the removal of harmful industrial effluents is of great importance. In this context, facile co-precipitation route was adopted for the synthesis of ZnFe2O4 (ZFO), Cu0.1Zn0.9Fe2O4 (CZFO), Dy0.08ZnFe1.92O4 (DZFO), and Cu0.1Dy0.08Zn0.9Fe1.92O4 (CDZFO) and their fabrication was confirmed by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The phase analysis of all designed materials exhibits that there is an increment in the crystallite size of co-doped zinc ferrite (CDZFO) i.e. 11.51nm as compared to ZFO (10.74nm), CZFO (10.92nm), and DZFO (11.41nm). The optical study shows a significant decrease in bandgap of CDZFO i.e. 1.82eV as compared to DZFO (1.89eV), CZFO (2.0eV), and ZFO (2.14eV). This decrease in optical bandgap and increase in crystallite size of the CDZFO is due to the quantum confinement effect. The photocatalytic efficiency of pure, doped, and co-doped samples was investigated against organic dye (Congo red), pharmaceutical drug (ibuprofen), and colorless organic compound (benzoic acid). The photocatalytic results reveal that CDZFO showed about ~90% degradation of Congo red while ZFO, CZFO, and DZFO showed only 59%, 70%, and 79% respectively. Moreover, CDZFO also showed highest photocatalytic removal efficiency against ibuprofen (88%) and benzoic acid (74%) out of all other synthesized materials. The remarkable photodegradation ability of CDZFO for all targeted pollutants could be attributed to the generation of crystal defects in its lattice, its small bandgap, and higher absorption in visible region. Furthermore, the recyclability experiment confirmed the stability and reusability of the prepared sample.

Molecular dynamics study of the thermal radiatively pressure-driven flow of two immiscible hybrid nanofluids through a curved pipe with viscous dissipation

Hybrid nanomaterials significantly enhance thermal systems through improved thermal conductivity, efficient energy storage, and customized thermomechanical properties. Due to their superior thermophysical characteristics, hybrid nanofluids are crucial in fields such as industry, biomedicine, transportation, and pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the current article scrutinizes the characteristics of heat transfer on the thermally radiative flow of two immiscible hybrid nanofluids through a curved pipe induced due to a pressure gradient in an axial direction. The pipe is divided into two distinct regions: namely, (i) Region 1 (core) is filled with base fluid kerosene oil containing copper (Cu) and carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoparticles, while (ii) Region 2 (peripheral) is filled with base fluid water containing zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. The complex curvilinear coordinates called toroidal coordinates are used to form a mathematical model for the present problem. The fluid in the core region is assumed to be more viscous than that of the peripheral region as such types of flows are observed in real life (viz. blood flow through arteries). Equations governing the flow are considered without ignoring any curvature ratio terms and are solved analytically by considering the perturbation series. The continuity of velocities and shear stresses at the fluid-fluid interface is taken into account along with no-slip, symmetric, and regularity conditions while solving the two-fluid flow problem under consideration. The effect of various fluid parameters such as curvature ratio, Reynolds number, viscosity ratio, and density ratio on the axial velocity and temperature is studied through 2-dimensional graphs, contour plots, and streamlines. The results show that the axial velocity of immiscible fluids flow decreases with an increase in the concentration of nanomaterials. Heat transport characteristics of nanofluid are increased by the addition of nanomaterials.

Microstructural, dielectric, electrical, electromagnetic, and magnetic property enhancements in GdIG /TrIG/ Mn0.2Co0.3Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrites composites for electronic devices application

Gadolinium garnet ferrite (GdIG) and terbium garnet ferrite (TrIG), known for their favourable magnetic and dielectric characteristics, were combined with doped zinc spinel ferrite (GdIG)x-(TrIG)y/Mn0.2Co0.3Zn0.5Fe2O4(1-x-y) (at x=1 y=0, x=0 y=1, x=y=0.5, x=y=0.25, x=y=0) to achieve improved permittivity, permeability and magnetic properties with reduced magneto-dielectric losses. Our study details the synthesis process and the resulting enhancements in structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties of the prepared samples. Analysis of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the presence of a crystalline structure characterized by both cubic spinel and cubic garnet phases in the composites. The microstructures of the composites were analysed with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), revealing the variation in a grain size from 0.11 μm to 0.96 μm at x =y=0.5. A thorough link between the crystal structure and XRD spectra, transmission electron microscope (TEM), and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns have all been investigated in order to enhance the characterisation of the samples. At 1KHz, the composites exhibit highest electrical resistivity values of 5.9×106 Ωm and 2.6×106 Ωm. With the incorporation of spinel ferrites in garnet ferrite composite (x=y=0.25) the highest value of dielectric constant (885.2) and low value of dielectric loss (0.07) at 100 KHz has been obtained. Permeability values, derived from permittivity data, showed an increase in real permeability values of from 1.4×1012 to 9.2×1017 for x=y=0.5 to x=y=0.25 composite. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) further confirm that the composite x=y=0.25 has highest magnetic saturation (148.8 emu/g), coercivity (502 Oe) and microwave operating frequency (33.6 GHz). The observed high dielectric constant, low loss values, switching field distribution and good magnetic properties suggest the potential suitability of these samples for various electronic devices like: high frequency devices, antennas, switching devices and magnetic recording devices.

Low-Cost, High-Efficiency Aluminum Zinc Oxide Synaptic Transistors: Blue LED Stimulation for Enhanced Neuromorphic Computing Applications.

Neuromorphic devices are electronic devices that mimic the information processing methods of neurons and synapses, enabling them to perform multiple tasks simultaneously with low power consumption and exhibit learning ability. However, their large-scale production and efficient operation remain a challenge. Herein, we fabricated an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) synaptic transistor via solution-based spin-coating. The transistor is characterized by low production costs and high performance. It demonstrates high responsiveness under UV laser illumination. In addition, it exhibits effective synaptic behaviors under blue LED illumination, indicating high-efficiency operation. The paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) index measured from optical stimulus modulation was 179.6%, indicating strong synaptic connectivity and effective neural communication and processing. Furthermore, by modulating the blue LED light pulse frequency, an excitatory postsynaptic current gain of 4.3 was achieved, demonstrating efficient neuromorphic functionality. This study shows that AZO synaptic transistors are promising candidates for artificial synaptic devices.

Magnetic solid phase extraction of methiocarb pesticide from food samples prior to HPLC analysis with magnetic activated carbon cloth/zinc aluminate (magnetic ACC@ZnAl2O4) composite

Methiocarb is a carbamate pesticide and is widely used due to its short lifetime but is a health concern due to its toxicity. To address this challenge, a novel nano-sorbent (zinc aluminate hybrid doped onto a magnetic activated carbon cloth (magnetic ACC@ZnAl2O4)) was synthesized. The characterization of the composite was done using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, XRD, and EDX. The synthesized composite was then employed for the efficient extraction of methiocarb from food samples. Under the optimum conditions of (pH: 7.0, vortex time: 0.5 min, adsorbent dose: 5 mg, initial volume of sample: 50 mL, volume of eluent: 1.0 mL), quantitative recovery values of methiocarb in food samples were obtained (80–114%). This method impresses with its exceptional sensitivity, achieving incredibly low detection (LOD: 20 µg L−1) and quantification (LOQ: 67 µg L−1) limits for methiocarb. Its efficiency is equally impressive, with high values of preconcentration factor (PF: 50) and enhancement factor (EF: 49.4), ensuring accurate and reliable analysis with a low value of relative standard deviation (RSD: 4.8%). The method’s impressive selectivity, evident in its minimal interference from other pesticides, paves the way for reliable methiocarb analysis in food samples.

A computational approach to study optoelectronic thermoelectric behavior of ternary zinc Aluminates ZnAl2X4 (X = S, Se, Te) for low-cost energy technologies

The search for cost-effective, high-performing energy technologies has accelerated the study of new materials possessing exceptional thermoelectric qualities. This work uses a computational method to explore the thermoelectric and optoelectronic properties of ternary compounds with the goal of finding promising candidates for energy-related uses. We employ Boltzmann transport equations and density functional theory (DFT) to methodically examine the optical characteristics, electronic structure, and thermoelectric performance of ZnAl2X4 (X = S, Se, Te) compounds. The band profile reveals a semiconducting nature with direct band gap of 3.41, 3.31, 2.61 eV in ZnAl2S4, ZnAl2Se4 and ZnAl2Te4. Further, the plots of electron localization functions (ELF) provide a clear illustration of the significant hybridization of Zn-d, Al-p, and X-p states observed from the density of states. High values of optical absorbance and conductivities in UV regions confirm strong luminescent properties. The reflectance shows a red shift with increasing size and atomic no. of the chalcogenide atoms. Further, thermoelectric efficiency for these materials is estimated by calculating figure of merit values of 0.97, 0.77 and 0.716 at room temperature. Present study suggests these materials’ suitability for next-generation optical and thermoelectric devices.

Correction: Tuning the physical, structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of the zinc–aluminum phosphate network utilizing barium and lead ions

Correction: Tuning the physical, structural, optical, and photoluminescence properties of the zinc–aluminum phosphate network utilizing barium and lead ions

Influence of carbon dots integrated in Pr3+ doped gahnite nanophosphor for thermal sensing, data fortification and fingerprint visualization analysis through YOLOv8x deep learning embedded model

The remarkable optical properties of carbon dots (CDs) render them highly promising as a versatile group of carbon-based nanomaterials. Integrating hydrothermally synthesized CDs into zinc aluminate doped with Pr3+ ions (ZnAl2O4:Pr3+) nanophosphors (ZAO:Pr3+ NPs) fabricated via the solution combustion (SC) technique holds great potential. The aim of synthesizing these nanocrystals (NCs) is to explore their potential uses in optical thermometry and anti-counterfeiting (AC) measures. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites (NCs) underwent characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra to verify their phase, morphology, particle size, oxidation state, and chemical composition. When excited at 447 nm, the Pr3+ doped ZAO: NPs exhibited an orange-red emission band at 614 nm. A remarkable enhancement in PL intensity, by a factor of 39.02 folds, is noted upon embedding CDs into the ZAO:Pr3+ NPs (CDs@ ZAO:Pr3+). The enhanced PL intensity can be ascribed to the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism. Even at a temperature of 423 K, the NPs retains 95.4% of its emission intensity compared to that at room temperature, showcasing exceptional thermal stability. The 5 wt% CDs@ZAO:1Pr3+ NCs demonstrate a high colour purity (CP) of 98.3%. Moreover, these NCs hold promise for optical thermometry applications across a broad temperature range spanning from 303 to 463 K. Utilizing the exceptional ZAO:1Pr3+ NPs and 5 wt% CDs@ZAO:1Pr3+ NCs, two representative white light emitting diodes (w-LEDs) have been successfully developed, boasting satisfactory luminous efficacy and colour-rendering index (CRI). This underscores their potential for high-performance w-LED applications. Simultaneously, a highly sensitive, non-contact optical thermometer has been engineered, featuring maximum relative sensitivities of approximately 44.51×10−4K−1 and 75.48×10−4K−1 at the emission intensities corresponding to 673, 693, 712 and 735 nm, respectively. We have developed a simple brush mode technique for creating a variety of patterns using the manufactured AC security ink. The latent fingerprints (LFPs) visualized using 5 wt% CDs@ZAO:1Pr3+ NCs exhibit excellent resolution and contrast, enabling the easy identification of fingerprint characteristics from levels I-III. Employing deep learning utilizing the YOLOv8x algorithm, fluorescence images of the revealed LFPs demonstrate remarkable alignment with standard controls, suggesting a high degree of similarity. In addition, the fabricated white light emitting diode (w-LED) boasts a favorable colour rendering index (Ra=87) alongside Commission International de L′Eclairage (CIE) coordinates (0.617, 0.376). Consequently, the inclusion of 5wt% CDs@ZAO:1Pr3+NPs showcases remarkable luminescent attributes and holds promising prospects across various applications.

Synthesis of nanoscale spinel aluminates powder and studies of their optical and structural properties

In this research, Manganese aluminate (MA), Nickel aluminate (NA), and Zinc aluminate (ZA) nanocrystallites were synthesized using the combustion method at a temperature of 1173 K. This technique was selected for its effectiveness in producing nanocrystalline materials with high purity and precise compositional control. The synthesized nanocrystallites underwent extensive characterization to understand their structural and optical properties. Techniques such as UV–visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized to examine the impact of different cations (Mn2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) on the optical bandgap, binding energy, and crystallographic parameters of the materials. The optical bandgap values (Eg), determined using Tauc’s formula, were 4.121 eV for manganese aluminate, 3.819 eV for nickel aluminate, and 3.771 eV for zinc aluminate. FT-IR spectroscopy identified fundamental absorption peaks within the range of 450 to 750 cm−1, confirming the formation of aluminate spinel structures. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of a cubic spinel-type structure in all three prepared samples. The results revealed that the average crystallite sizes ranged from 23.890 nm to 45.100 nm, cell volumes varied between 521.47 Å3 and 548.68 Å3, lattice constants spanned from 8.258 Å to 8.049 Å, and inter-planar spacing ranged from 2.4268 nm to 2.4532 nm. These variations were observed as the cation transitioned from nickel to manganese passing through zinc element. Additionally, Rietveld refinements were performed to further analyze and refine the crystal structures based on XRD data. This comprehensive study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the synthesis conditions and the resultant properties of the nanocrystallites, providing insights into their potential applications in fields such as optoelectronics and photocatalysis.

Enhancing solar cell productivity with MgAl2O4–ZnAl2O4 blended anti-reflection coatings

The enhancement of productivity in solar cells primarily relies on the application of anti-reflection coatings. The current research employs coating materials such as MgAl2O4, ZnAl2O4 and blended MgAl2O4–ZnAl2O4 as an anti-reflective layer on the monocrystalline Si solar cells by employing RF sputter coating method. Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate and aluminium nitrate nonahydrate were utilized for the synthesis of MgAl2O4 by the sol-gel technique. ZnAl2O4 was synthesized using zinc nitrate hexahydrate and aluminum nitrate nonahydrate by sol–gel procedure. The performance of coated photovoltaic cells was evaluated through different characterization techniques. From the optical study, the blended MgAl2O4-ZnAl2O4 coating shows the maximum absorbance of around 93 % and lowest reflectance of 9 %. The MgAl2O4–ZnAl2O4 blend achieves a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.12 % in a controlled light source and 19.21 % in direct sunlight. Compared to other solar cells, blended MgAl2O4–ZnAl2O4 demonstrates low resistivity (4.23 × 10−3 Ω-cm), high carrier concentration (35.81 × 1020 cm−3) and maximum hall mobility (12.96 cm2/Vs). From the surface temperature measurement, it is evident that the MgAl2O4–ZnAl2O4 blend coated solar cell exhibits lowest temperature of 38.2 °C under simulated light. The experimental results indicate that the blended MgAl2O4–ZnAl2O4 coated photovoltaic cells exhibits superior productivity than the various coated and uncoated solar cells. Therefore, it can be stated that MgAl2O4–ZnAl2O4 blends are the excellent antireflective materials for achieving desired PCE in solar photovoltaic cells.

Enhancing thermoelectric properties of spinel ZnFe2O4 by Ni substitution through electron hopping mechanism

The prime goal of this novel work is to investigate the efficacy of spinel zinc ferrite as a thermoelectric material and its performance enhancement for high temperature applications. Zn1-xNixFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) were prepared by sol-gel method and their structural, morphological, and thermoelectric behaviours were examined as functions of composition and temperature. Among the studied compositions, Zn0.8Ni0.2Fe2O4 exhibits the highest electrical conductivity (σ) of 49.83 S/m, the largest power factor of 6.66 μW/mK2, and the lowest thermal conductivity (κ) of 0.36 W/mK at 947 K, thus extending to an overall enhancement in the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT). Conduction through electron hopping is proven to be the main driving force for the enhancement in electrical and thus thermoelectric properties. Results reveal that thermoelectric properties of ZnFe2O4 can potentially be enhanced by the doping Ni at Zn site and opens up an exciting opportunity for the utilization of this spinel ferrite as a novel thermoelectric material for applications involving elevated temperatures.

Optimization of Formula for Chromium-Free Zinc–Aluminum Coatings Based on Extension Analytic Hierarchy Process

The service performance of chromium-free zinc–aluminum coatings exhibits characteristics from multiple perspectives. Fully considering the physical properties, corrosion resistance, and economic viability of the coatings, this study incorporates the concepts of “domain” and “degree” from extenics theory into the analytic hierarchy process to optimize the formulation of chromium-free zinc–aluminum coatings. The findings reveal that the extension analytic hierarchy process takes into account the diversity of evaluation indicators, enhancing the objectivity and accuracy of the comprehensive evaluation results. Nine formulations were developed using a four-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment to evaluate the effects of metal powder, PEG-400, KH-560, and sodium molybdate on the service performance of chromium-free zinc–aluminum coatings. Utilizing an extensible hierarchical sorting weight system alongside a performance index grading and scoring method, 3# emerged with the highest score, indicating the best overall performance. The research outcomes offer innovative insights and technical support for optimizing the formulations of chromium-free zinc–aluminum coatings and other coatings.

Synergistic modification of hydrolyzed keratin-based rigid polyurethane foam with zinc stannate and aluminum hypophosphite to improve its thermal stability and flame retardant properties

Abstract Zinc stannate (ZS) was prepared for flame retardant modified rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The flame retardancy and thermal stability performance of the modified RPUFs were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter (CONE), smoke density (Ds) test and thermogravimetric (TG) differential thermal analyzer. The LOI of RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS with 5 wt% hydrolyzed keratin (HK), 7.5 wt% aluminum hypophosphate (AL) and 7.5 wt% ZS increased from 26.1 % to 27.2 %. At 50 kW/m2 radiant intensity, RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS had the lowest peak heat release rate (PHRR) and heat release rate (THR), which were 108.17 kW/m2 and 2.56 MJ/m2, respectively. In addition, RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS had the highest initial decomposition temperature of 191.24 °C and the largest activation energy (E) of 148.16 kJ/mol. Under flameless condition, the maximum Ds of RPUF5-7.5 AL/7.5 ZS was 31.25, and its light transmittance was also the highest, i.e., 57.89 %. Therefore, ZS/AL was selected as a synergistic flame retardant system to modify the RPUF, and promotes the development of high-performance building materials.

Study of Anti-Corosion Properties of Pigments Fe2O3-Al2O3-MgO Obtained by Coprecipitation

Promising pigments of the passivating type, in addition to phosphate ones, are other materials - oxyhydroxides, ferrites, molybdates, stanates, borates, tungstates, which are obtained using traditional technologies. condition. Researchers are becoming increasingly interested in the co-precipitation method, which makes it possible to vary the cationic and anionic composition of pigments and obtain nanodispersed products. In addition, developers of paints and varnishes are faced with the task of replacing toxic anti-corrosion chromium-, cadmium- and plumbum-containing pigments that are part of most modern inhibitory primers with pigments that are safe for human health. An alternative to such paint and varnish materials are oxide type fillers, which are anti-corrosion pigments, including oxyhydroxides, magnesium ferrites, cobalt aluminates, zinc ferrites, copper ferrites, magnesium aluminates, zinc aluminates, etc. The color of pigments and their anticorrosion properties depend on the chromophore ions included in the structure of the resulting compounds.Co-precipitation technology has a number of advantages over traditional ones and can radically reduce the cost of producing oxide materials. This process, based on the use of the internal chemical energy of the system, allows synthesis to be carried out at reduced temperatures, synthesis duration and energy costs. The simplicity of the equipment, the possibility of synthesizing a significant amount of the product of the desired phase and granulometric composition, and the environmental friendliness of the process also indicate the feasibility of using this method. Recently, attempts have been made to obtain pigments by co-precipitation, but no systematic studies have been carried out on the final products. The resulting products were in most cases poorly reproducible. In this regard, it becomes interesting to synthesize in a mode that would make it possible to obtain pigments with good color characteristics in a finely dispersed state, and eliminate the labor-intensive grinding stage, study the conditions for the formation of pigments with the structure of oxyhydroxides, the influence of their composition on color and anti-corrosion properties, study the patterns of formation of anti-corrosion properties, development of compositions for producing pigments using the co-precipitation method and subsequent heat treatment. Through experimental and theoretical studies, the influence of the nature of chromophore cations on the color tone, color purity, and anti-corrosion properties of pigments in the Fe-Al-Mg-O system has been established, which allows for the targeted synthesis of beige, red and yellow pigments with high anti-corrosion properties. The main technological properties of pigments are determined by the composition of metal-containing anions. The anti-corrosion properties of oxyhydroxide pigments are largely determined by the presence of hydroxide ions formed due to dissociation. The greatest effect is observed in the case of using metal compounds whose dissociation constants differ significantly. The protective effect is mainly determined by the slowdown of the anodic process. At the same time, anions containing aluminum atoms accelerate corrosion processes.

Enhancing Photovoltaic Panel Performance through Hybrid Nanoparticle Cooling: A Study on Zinc Oxide and Aluminum Oxide Nanofluids

Enhancing Photovoltaic Panel Performance through Hybrid Nanoparticle Cooling: A Study on Zinc Oxide and Aluminum Oxide Nanofluids

Optical properties of polymers mixed with zinc oxide, silver, and aluminum nanoparticles

Optical properties of polymers mixed with zinc oxide, silver, and aluminum nanoparticles