Zig Zag Research Articles

PERANCANGAN KAP LAMPU DEKORATIF BERBAHAN BIO LEATHER KACANG KEDELAI

Soybean shell waste contains organic material with pH levels classified as acidic which can endanger environmental sustainability and pollute water and soil. This research raises the issue of utilizing soybean shell waste into more useful products. Soybean shell waste is used as new materials in the form of composites to be used as products that have economic value and overcome negative environmental impacts. The composite results in this study in this study were in the form of soybean skin bio leather sheets which were then analyzed for raw material talent to determine the potential of soybean skin bio leather sheets to be used as alternative product design materials. The actions taken to identify the talent of the sheet are by exploring and testing the translucency of the light to determine the distribution of the light produced, testing the sustainable sheet with the process of soaking the soil and water, and giving color. After analyzing material talent, in product design using the MACAK design method in the design so that product recommendations are found using soybean skin bio leather material. One of the product recommendations that can be developed is the design of a decorative lampshade with a Scandinavian concept with a weaving technique with a zig zag motif and geometry for hanging wall lamps, and table lamps using soybean skin bio leather. The results of the product design of hanging decorative lampshades, table lamps

Magneto-optical study of metamagnetic transitions in the antiferromagnetic phase of \u03b1-RuCl3

α-RuCl3 is a promising candidate material to realize the so far elusive quantum spin liquid ground state. However, at low temperatures, the coexistence of different exchange interactions couple the effective pseudospins into an antiferromagnetically zigzag (ZZ) ordered state. The low-field evolution of spin structure is still a matter of debate and the magnetic anisotropy within the honeycomb planes is an open and challenging question. Here, we investigate the evolution of the ZZ order parameter by second-order magneto-optical effects, the magnetic linear dichroism and magnetic linear birefringence. Our results clarify the presence and nature of metamagnetic transitions in the ZZ phase of α-RuCl3. The experimental observations show the presence of initial magnetic domain repopulation followed by a spin-flop transition for small in-plane applied magnetic fields (≈1.6 T) along specific crystallographic directions. In addition, using a magneto-optical approach, we detected the recently reported emergence of a field-induced intermediate phase before suppressing the ZZ order. The results disclose the details of various angle-dependent in-plane metamagnetic transitions quantifying the bond-anisotropic interactions present in α-RuCl3.

On chip random lasing performance of the acceptor dye in a specially designed linear and zig zag array of microdroplets with intrinsic disorder

We demonstrate high-quality on chip random lasing of the acceptor dye using a specially designed dynamic linear array of microdroplets with unconventional shapes that do not support the whispering gallery modes. The intrinsic disorder in the droplet array consequent to its dynamic nature is utilized in achieving the randomness in the lasing emission without deliberately adding the disorder as in ordinary random laser systems. The novelty of the generated structure is illustrated by comparing its emission characteristics with two other arrays made of microspheres and microtriangular droplets arranged in a zig zag fashion. We show that only the linear array of microdroplets supports lasing in the acceptor emission. The design of the array structure allows to further reduce the lasing threshold drastically either by incorporating the radiative energy transfer or by tuning the number of acceptor dye molecules. The highly directional, well-controlled, and intense emission of weakly emitting dye generated on chip without the aid of conventional methods opens up a new scheme of random lasing generation mediated by microdroplets.

Dynamically Tunable Plasmon-Induced Transparency in Parallel Black Phosphorus Nanoribbons

In this paper, we investigate the dynamically tunable plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effects in parallel black phosphorus nanoribbons (BPNRs). The proposed structures consist of several parallel BPNRs having different lengths in one transverse period. The periods of all proposed structures are set as \(P = 500 \, nm\). To our best knowledge, these proposed structures have not been reported in published papers. It is the first time that simulates PIT effects by this way. The results show that the BPNRs can be regarded as bright modes. Single-band, double-band, triple-band, and multi-band PIT effects based on the bright-bright mode coupling between parallel BPNRs are achieved. The physical mechanism of the single-band model can be explained theoretically by the radiating two-oscillator (RTO) model. Due to the heavier effective mass in the zigzag (ZZ) direction of the BP, the frequencies of the transparent peaks are shifted to lower frequencies when the placement directions of BPNRs are changed from the X-direction to the Y-direction. Furthermore, the resonant frequencies of the transparent windows in each model can be tuned by changing the relaxation rates of the BPNRs. The frequencies of the transparent windows are blue-shifted as the relaxation rates are increased. Finally, the corresponding sensors based on single-band PIT effect show high sensitivities of 7.35 THz/RIU. Our study has potential applications for improving the design of multiple-band filters, sensors, and on–off switcher.

Electronic cloaking of confined states in phosphorene junctions

We study the electronic transport of armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) gated phosphorene junctions. We find confined states for both direction-dependent phosphorene junctions. In the case of AC junctions confined states are reflected in the transmission properties as Fabry–Pérot resonances at normal and oblique incidence. In the case of ZZ junctions confined states are invisible at normal incidence, resulting in a null transmission. At oblique incidence Fabry–Pérot resonances are presented in the transmission as in the case of AC junctions. This invisibility or electronic cloaking is related to the highly direction-dependent pseudospin texture of the charge carriers in phosphorene. Electronic cloaking is also manifested as a series of singular peaks in the conductance and as inverted peaks in the Seebeck coefficient. The characteristics of electronic cloaking are also susceptible to the modulation of the phosphorene bandgap and an external magnetic field. So, electronic cloaking in phosphorene junctions in principle could be tested through transport, thermoelectric or magnetotransport measurements.

Speed, Change of Direction Speed, and Lower Body Power in Young Athletes and Nonathletes According to Maturity Stage

The aim of this study was to establish the role of maturation on the development of physical performance in adolescent athletes and nonathletes. The total studied sample consisted of 231 participants (131 athletes: 72 boys with an average chronological age of 13.53 ± 0.7 and 59 girls with an average chronological age of 11.97 ± 0.8; 100 nonathletes: 47 boys with an average chronological age of 13.73 ± 0.47 and 53 girls with an average chronological age of 11.93 ± 0.33), distributed according to their biological maturity stage (Pre-, Mid-, and Post-Peak Height Velocity [PHV]) and to their gender. The assessment of physical performance was performed using the following tests: Countermovement jump (CMJ), countermovement jump with arm swing (CMJA), squat jump (SJ), five-jump test (5JT), 5 m sprint (5 m), 10 m sprint (10 m), 20 m sprint (20 m), T-test, Zig Zag, and Slalom. The differences in athletes according to biological maturity were identified in all variables except for 5 m (p = 0.33) and Slalom (p = 0.07), while in nonathletes the differences were found in 5JT (p = 0.01), 5 m (p = 0.02), 10 m (p = 0.01), and 20 m (p = 0.01) tests. Additionally, a significant interaction of gender and biological maturity was detected for CMJ (p = 0.03), CMJA (p = 0.01), and Zig Zag (p = 0.05) in athletes. The findings of the current study confirm the importance of maturity status in the assessment of physical performance. As a consequence, a more rational selection of talented athletes could be provided, also enabling the timely development of physical performance in nonathletes as a “window of opportunity”.

An improved zig zag approach for competitive group testing

In many fault detection problems, we want to identify defective items from a set of n items using the minimum number of tests. Group testing is for the scenario where each test is on a subset of items, and tells whether the subset contains at least one defective item or not. In practice, the number d of defective items is often unknown in advance. In this paper, we improve the previously best algorithm for a central problem in combinatorial group testing with unknown number of defectives (Cheng et al., 2014), and prove that the number of tests used by our new algorithm is no more than dlognd+(5−log5)d+O(log2d), where log is of base 2.

Site dependent catalytic water dissociation on an anisotropic buckled black phosphorus surface.

Black phosphorus (BP) is unique among 2D materials due to its anisotropic puckered structure. It has been used as a multifunctional catalyst for various purposes. In this study, we performed first principles molecular dynamics simulations to understand the water-splitting reaction on a bi-layer BP surface. We focused on the site-specific aqueous reactivity of the buckled surface. A difference in the axis-dependent reactivity is observed owing to edge defects and exposed sites. Thus, we believe that BP edges, which significantly affect the interfacial water or organic solvent molecules, must exhibit very different edge-dependent reactivity. Experiments suggested the increasing catalytic efficiency of undisturbed BP in the order bulk, few-layered BP, and BP quantum dots. We choose three active sites to investigate the mechanistic details of the OER: the zigzag (ZZ), armchair (AC), and bulk sites. This study will provide insight into the enhanced catalytic activity when more edges are exposed as the active surface. We hope to clarify the reactive pathway in an aqueous solution supported by bi-layer BP by exploring the two different mechanisms for forming the OOH* complex. We explore and report two mechanisms: a simple push-pull reaction for oxygen-oxygen bond formation, the nucleophilic attack by formed OH- and an attack by a water molecule. The free energy barriers procured for mechanism 1 taking place at the zigzag, armchair, and bulk sites are 7.59 ± 0.33, 9.04 ± 0.01, and 12.80 ± 0.09 kcal mol-1, respectively. For mechanism 2 the free energy barriers are 7.62 ± 0.11, 9.15 ± 0.16, and 11.63 ± 0.11 kcal mol-1 for the ZZ, AC, and bulk sites. The interlink between both the mechanisms is established concerning the reported free energy barriers for OOH* formation. The ZZ site is found to lower the activation barrier for the rate-determining step, followed by the AC and bulk.

DNA Sequence Analysis for Brain Disorder Using Deep Learning and Secure Storage

Analysis of brain disorder in the neuroimaging of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), and Computed Tomography (CT) needs to understand the functionalities of the brain and it has been performed using traditional methods. Deep learning algorithms have also been applied in genomics data processing. The brain disorder diseases of Alzheimer, Schizophrenia, and Parkinson are analyzed in this work. The main issue in the traditional algorithm is the improper detection of disorders in the neuroimaging data. This paper presents a deep learning algorithm for the classification of brain disorder using Deep Belief Network (DBN) and securely storing the image using a Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Sequence-based Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) Zig Zag Encryption Algorithm (DBNJZZ). In this work, DBNJZZ implements an efficient and effective prediction model for disorders using the open-access datasets of Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (Adni), the Center for Biomedical Research Excellence (Cobre), the Open Access Series of Imaging Studies (Oasis), the Function Biomedical Informatics Research Network (Fbirn), a Parkinson's dataset of 55 patients and 23 subjects with Parkinson's syndromes (Ntua), and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (Ppmi). This algorithm is implemented and tested using performance metric measures of accuracy, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). DBNJZZ gives better performance with an accuracy of 99.21% and also surpasses previous methods on other measures.

Numerical investigation of novel flow field configurations for direct methanol fuel cell

Fuel cell performance is directly dependent on the flow field design on the cathode and anode plates. Flow field structure also affects the temperature distribution and flow velocity in electrode plates, which will indirectly affect the power output of the fuel cell. In this study, a new flow field design is compared with a conventional serpentine flow field. Flow pattern, temperature distribution, velocity distribution and pressure drop are estimated in both flow fields. Commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package is used to solve the numerical problem. Fuel pumping pressure required for different flow velocities is estimated in the new flow field design. Maximum temperature in the plate at different inlet velocity conditions is also estimated without considering the chemical reaction involved in the fuel cell. It is observed that the pressure drop increases with an increase in mass flow rate through channels also the new proposed flow field have lower pressure drop than the conventional serpentine flow field. For an inlet condition of 0.1 m/s velocity of methanol, a 91 % reduction in pressure drop is obtained. The maximum temperature on the plate decreases with an increase in flow velocity, 304.9 K is observed at the outlet of both serpentine and zig zag flow field for an inlet velocity condition of 0.004 m/s.

IS CHANGE OF DIRECTION ABILITY RELATED TO VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS?

Aim:The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between vertical jump performance and change of direction ability in female soccer players. Method: Nineteen female soccer players (Age=18,20±2,44 years, Height=160,24±3,52 cm, Weight=57,24±6,28 kg, Body mass index=19,46±4,48) from second division team in Turkish Professional Soccer Female League were tested for vertical jump (countermovement jump) and change of direction ability with zig zag test. Relationship between zig zag test and vertical jump were assessed by Spearman’s rho correlation coefficient test. Results: According to study results, there was a low correlation (r =0.62, p < 0.05) between vertical jump and zig zag tests. Conclusion: As a result, it is recommended that high-intensity exercises, especially jumping, change of direction and sprint drills, should be included sufficiently in the training planning so that female football players can demonstrate their optimal performance during the game.

Machinability investigation on nickel based super alloys using textured inserts

Machinability investigation on nickel-based super alloy under the influence of textured tungsten carbide inserts is performed in this current study. Machinability indicators such as surface roughness and tool wear have been investigated. Similarly, texture patterns such as dots, circle chain and zig zag shaped textures have been fabricated on CNMG120408 WC inserts using Laser source. The primary objective of the present investigation is to compare the performance of different types of tools when they are used with different parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut. It has been observed that the surface roughness and tool wear of the dot shaped textured tool were lower when compared to the other types of tools. Dot shaped textured inserts and circle chain shaped textured tool was able to perform better than the other tool inserts.

Investigation of Stretch Properties of Different Stitch Types in Garments Made of Elastane Woven Fabrics

In recent years, garments made of fabrics with elastane are highly preferred. A garment made of fabric with elastane is able to stretch by about 10-30% and recovery immediately after release. In the apparel industry, sewing should not prevent the fabric from stretching in the garments made from woven fabrics with elastane. The elasticity of the seams of the garments consisting of elastic fabrics is very important. 
 
 In this study, it is aimed to examine the stretch and permanent elongation properties of different stitch types of garments made of elastane woven fabrics. For this purpose, 5 different stitch types were selected as lockstitch, zig zag stitch, two thread chain stitch, three thread overlock stitch and five thread overlock stitch, and these stitches were sewn at different stitch densities (3 - 4 and 5 stitches / cm), with different sewing threads (spun polyester, core spun (poly / poly), nylon and elastic sewing thread) with different ticket numbers (80 and 120). The stretch and permanent elongation values of the sewn fabric samples were examined.

Modulation of strain on electronic structure and contact type of BP/SnS van der waals heterostructure

Vertical van der Waals heterostructures (vdWH) composed of two monolayer (ML) materials can provide new opportunities for layered electronic devices. Here we present a detailed theoretical investigation about the electronic properties of BP/SnS vdWH by applying in-plane uniaxial and biaxial strains. Our first principles calculations suggest that the direct bandgap of BP/SnS vdWH can be maintained within a large range of uniaxial and biaxial strains. We also find that the bandgap, band alignment and contact type of BP/SnS vdWH can be tuned by uniaxial and biaxial strains. In addition, the Poisson’s ratio exhibits an intense anisotropy with respect to the uniaxial strain along zigzag (ZZ) and armchair directions. The easily tunable electronic properties and highly anisotropic character of BP/SnS vdWH make it to be a promising material in the field of photovoltaic cells, photodetectors, and other functional nano devices.

Unusual C–C bond cleavage of an α-trifloxy Sialic acid hemiacetal under Lattrell-Dax conditions

We describe the novel oxidative fragmentation of methyl (5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-5-deoxy-3-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-β-D-erythro-L-gluco-2-nonulopyranos)onate 2 on stirring with sodium nitrite in DMF to give the novel 3-acetamido-2,5,6,7-tetra-O-acetyl-d-glycero-d-galacto-heptono-1,4-lactone 3 in excellent yield. Stirring of the same triflate with sodium carbonate on the other hand affords the novel methyl (5-acetamido-7,8,9-tri-O-acetyl-3,6-anhydro-5-deoxy-d-manno-3-ene-2-nonulos)onate 19 also in excellent yield. Reduction of the heptono lactone with sodium borohydride followed by acetylation gives a peracetylated aminodeoxyheptitol 6 that adopts the zig zag conformation of its carbon backbone.

Anisotropic thermal conductivity and corrugated patterns in single-layer black phosphorus nanoribbon subjected to shear loading: a molecular dynamics study

Single-layer black phosphorus (SLBP) also known as phosphorene is a recently introduced two-dimensional material with unique structure and promising physical properties that has drawn considerable attention in the field of nanodevices. This structure demonstrates a high anisotropy in mechanical and thermal behavior along zigzag (ZZ) and armchair (AC) principal in-plane directions. Here in this study, it is shown that implementing shear strain on 10 nm × 50 nm SLBP nanoribbons (SLBPNRs) along ZZ and AC directions, the anisotropy leads to different corrugated patterns on the pristine structure. Applying non-equilibrium molecular dynamics under a parameterized Stillinger–Weber potential for modelling SLBP, thermal conductivity (TC) behavior of the sheared SLBPNRs with corrugated patterns are examined. The results show a higher amplitude and wavelength of the corregations on the ZZ-aligned SLBPNRs, which is around two times higher than that of AC-aligned counterparts. Although, it is also shown that unlike some other 2D materials, such as graphene, the wrinkling does not have such a significant effect on TC of SLBP. The phonon density of states results obtained in this work as well as phonon dispersion curves by first-principle calculations in other works concrete this finding. The results show small frequency shifts in both high- and low-frequency phonons, which are not strong enough to affect TC in SLBPNRs. This interesting thermal property of SLBP under shear strain suggests the great potential application of these corrugated structures in nanodevices without any loss of TC abilities.

Influence of the next-nearest neighbor and the boson–boson interactions on U-shaped, W-shaped profile and modulation instability gain spectra in a zig–zag optical lattice

In this paper, we employ the auxiliary equation method (AEM) to show the leverage of the nearest neighbors hopping and the boson–boson interaction in a zig zag optical lattice on the stressed optical solitons (os) and the Modulation Instability (MI) gain of cold bosonic atoms. The pedestal of the work is set on the continuum approximation of a cold bosonic atoms in a zig zag optical lattice which has demonstrated in detailed in refs. [Tala-Tebue E, Rezazadeh H, Djoufack ZI, et al. Optical solutions of cold bosonic atoms in a zig–zag optical lattice. Opt Quant Electron 53(2021):44; Djoufack ZI, TalaTebue E, FotsaNgafo F, et al. Quantum breathers associated with modulational instability in 1D ultracold boson in optical lattices involving nextnearest neighbor interactions. Optik 164(2018):575–589]. The results collected have enclosed bright, dark optical solitons and the combined bright-dark and bright-bright optical solitons. Compared the acquired results with Tala-Tebue et al. [Optical solutions of cold bosonic atoms in a zig–zag optical lattice. Opt Quant Electron 53(2021):44], further the os including U-shaped and W-shaped profile have been drop in and the powerful of the nearest neighbors hopping and the boson–boson interaction has been exposed across the spatiotemporal and plot evolution of the bright and dark os. Therewith, the MI bands have been stressed and it is observed some new attitude of the MI gain spectra under the induction of the model parameters. The collected results are new in literature in our knowledge and will improve the previous results acquired in refs. [Tala-Tebue E, Rezazadeh H, Djoufack ZI, et al. Optical solutions of cold bosonic atoms in a zig–zag optical lattice. Opt Quant Electron 53(2021):44; Djoufack ZI, TalaTebue E, FotsaNgafo F, et al. Quantum breathers associated with modulational instability in 1D ultracold boson in optical lattices involving nextnearest neighbor interactions. Optik 164(2018):575–589; Zhao XH, Tian B, Liu DY, et al. Dark solitons interaction for a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain. Superlattices Microstruct 100(2016):587–595; Uddin MF, Hafez MG, Hammouch Z, et al. Periodic and rogue waves for Heisenberg models of ferromagnetic spin chains with fractional beta derivative evolution and obliqueness. Waves Random Complex Media 2020. https://doi.org/10.1080/17455030.2020.1722331; Inc M, Aliyu AI, Yusuf A. Optical solitons to the nonlinear Shrdingers equation with spatio-temporal dispersion using complex amplitude ansatz. J Mod Opt 2017;64(21):2273–2280].

Band and optical properties of arsenene and antimonene lateral heterostructure by first-principles calculations

Construction of heterostructures can circumvent the shortcomings of 2D material components and has potential for applications in optoelectronic devices . Therefore, further development and construction of novel 2D materials is highly important. In this paper, a seamless lateral heterostructure (LHS) based on arsenene (As) and antimonene (Sb) along armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) interfaces is predicted, and the band structures and optical absorption properties with the different interfaces are calculated from first principles . An indirect to direct band structure transition can be observed when the LHS interface changes from AC to ZZ. Additionally, the band gaps of the different (AC and ZZ) heterostructure types exhibit strong atomic number dependences, and can be narrowed from 1.1 to 0.45 eV and from 0.57 to 0.50 eV, respectively. The partial density of states (PDOS) and the conduction band minimum-valence band maximum (CBM-VBM) characteristics clarify the contributions from the different orbits to the band structures around the Fermi level. It should be noted that As/Sb lateral heterostructures have unique optical absorption characteristics in the mid-infrared range. Our predictions highlight the potential applications of As and Sb LHSs in electronics and optoelectronics. These results provide another 2D material with potential applications in mid-infrared optoelectronic devices. • Predict a lateral heterostructure made from As and Sb with armchair and zigzag interfaces. • Indirect to direct band structure change occurs with armchair to zigzag variation. • The lateral heterostructure band gaps narrowed to 0.50 eV for zigzag. • Unique optical absorption characteristics are found in the mid-infrared range.

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The Effect of Shuttle Run and Zig Zag Run Exercises and Confidence on Passing Productivity on Tanjungbalai FC Pumata Futsal Players

The focus of this study aims to determine the effect of shuttle run, and zig-zag run training and self-confidence on passing productivity in Futsal players Pumata FC Tanjungbalai trying to improve athlete achievement among teenagers. This study uses an experimental research method by level 2 x 2, so the hypothesis submission is carried out using a two-way analysis of variance (ANAVA). After that, hypothesis testing was carried out using a two-way analysis of variance (ANAVA). This research was carried out at the PUMATA FC Team's training ground which was located at the Tanjungbalai city futsal field. The implementation time is about four weeks, with meetings three times a week. The sample of this research is all Pumata FC players consisting of 20 people who are given shuttle run training and zig-zag run training. Based on the analysis results above, it shows that there are differences in mean in the four groups by giving shuttle run and zig-zag run exercises. The highest mean value was obtained in the high self-confidence group trained with the zig-zag run, which was 8.60 (if rounded up to 9 successful passes). Meanwhile, the lowest mean value was obtained in the low self-confidence group trained with the shuttle run, which was 6.20 (if rounded up to 6 successful passes).