Zigzag Movement Research Articles

An integrative data-driven model simulating C. elegans brain, body and environment interactions

The behavior of an organism is influenced by the complex interplay between its brain, body and environment. Existing data-driven models focus on either the brain or the body–environment. Here we present BAAIWorm, an integrative data-driven model of Caenorhabditiselegans, which consists of two submodels: the brain model and the body–environment model. The brain model was built by multicompartment models with realistic morphology, connectome and neural population dynamics based on experimental data. Simultaneously, the body–environment model used a lifelike body and a three-dimensional physical environment. Through the closed-loop interaction between the two submodels, BAAIWorm reproduced the realistic zigzag movement toward attractors observed in C. elegans. Leveraging this model, we investigated the impact of neural system structure on both neural activities and behaviors. Consequently, BAAIWorm can enhance our understanding of how the brain controls the body to interact with its surrounding environment.

The Influence of Welding Technique With Variation of Current on Surface Defects and Penetration of ST40 Steel

One of the connection of one place starting from several materials or materials that are solid is one of the welding methods, as for the factors that can affect the quality of the weld results which include the process of tools and materials to be used, welding direction, welding electrode movement patterns, in order to use and select electrodes. In this study ST 40 steel plate, testing was carried out with 3 specimens using U and zigzag movement patterns and the direction of welding used back and forth. variations in electric current used are 40 A, 60 A, 80 A. This study has the aim of influencing welding techniques using current variations. The test results that the welding process using welding techniques consisting of movement patterns, welding direction and welding time does not affect the weld defects in the welding results. Welds defects that occur due to variations in the current used

Detachment of a particle from the surface of a bubble colliding with a solid surface

The flotation of coarse mineral particles has attracted increased attentions for its advantages in early gangue rejection, reduced production of ultrafine particles, and significant energy savings during the grinding process. However, the detachment of coarse particles from the surface of bubbles could be problematic when the particle-bubble aggregates collide with the pulp-froth interface. This paper investigated the detachment of a particle from the surface of a bubble colliding with a solid surface. The rising characteristics of a particle-bubble aggregate was studied and it was found that the zigzag movement resulted in different orientations of the particle-bubble aggregates colliding with the surface. The orientation of the bubble in respective to the flat surface, characterized by the inclination angle between the bubble long axis and the flat surface, played a pronounced role in the particle detachment process. Particles were more likely to detach at low or high inclination angles. The rationale is that bubble oscillating at low inclination angle or particle sliding on the bubble surface at high inclination angle resulted in particle detachment. A neck was formed between a particle and a bubble during the detachment process, which is consistent with previous studies. The findings provide valuable insight into the phenomena of a particle detachment during the collision process of a bubble with a solid surface, which is essential to the modelling of coarse particle flotation processes and eventually contributes to the process optimization.

Pengaruh Variasi Gerakan Elektroda Pada Pengelasan Smaw Terhadap Uji Kekuatan Bending Baja ST 42

This study aims to determine the effect of straight groove, zigzag groove, and U pattern groove movement on the hardness and mechanical properties of the material in ST42 steel welding. The welding method used is shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) with a current strength of 100 Amperes. The test results show that the movement of the straight groove electrode gives the highest stress value in the bending test with an average of 1,168 MPa. The zig-zag groove electrode movement gave an average stress value of 1.127 Mpa, while the U pattern groove electrode movement gave an average stress value of 1.905 MPa. Microstructural testing showed that all electrode movements produced pearlite and ferrite phases, but straight groove electrode movements had more pearlite phases than the other movements. In addition, the zig-zag groove electrode flow and U pattern. This study provides a better understanding of the effect of electrode movement on the quality of welded joints, as well as providing important information in the development of industrial welding techniques.

Put it in the bag: Order fulfillment with a pocket sorter system

AbstractDue to high real estate costs in urban areas, shop floor space is scarce in most brick‐and‐mortar stores. Maneuvering newly arrived merchandise through narrow aisles during shelf replenishment is time‐consuming for the sales staff and impedes customers. Therefore, many retail chains nowadays aim for store‐friendly shipments (SFS). By mirroring the layout of a store in the buildup of its dedicated shipments, the need for a zigzag movement through the store when replenishing shelves can be avoided. On the negative side, however, additional effort arises in the distribution centers. A suitable warehousing system to assemble SFS without excessive effort is a pocket (or pouch or bag) sorter, where each item is put into its separate bag. These bags, filled with items, are automatically transported while hanging from an overhead conveyor and can be sorted into any sequence before being delivered to the workstations that build SFS. This article investigates the assembly of SFS with a pocket sorter and presents scheduling procedures to enhance the efficiency of this process for a given set of store orders. We demonstrate that, despite its notorious complexity, the problem can be solved by simple decision rules with good performance. In a case study, we show that this approach can dramatically reduce the completion times of store orders, resulting in savings of more than 60% of the total working hours compared to a simple real‐world policy. Another 30% of reduction can be obtained by standardized store layouts.

Characteristics and Mechanisms of the Zigzag and Spiral Movement of Rising Bubbles in Still Water

When a bubble rises freely in still water, it often moves along a zigzag or spiral trajectory. In order to explore the mechanism of this movement, an experiment was conducted to record the changes in the movement trajectory and bubble shape. The results show that this movement can be explained by the swing of trailing vortices and the change in vorticity. There is asymmetric shedding of the trailing vortices. The change in bubble velocity caused by the shedding of the bubble trailing vortices will lead to an asymmetric change in the vorticity of the trailing vortices. Two factors lead to an asymmetric change in the drag force of the trailing vortices on both sides of the bubble, resulting in the zigzag trajectory. Only when the aspect ratio λ reaches 2.0 will the bubble move along the zigzag. The trailing vortices moving in two orthogonal directions will lead to a spiral trajectory. The movement of the trailing vortices not only changes the trajectory of the bubble but also changes its shape. The effect of the trailing vortices on the bubble can be equivalent to a low-pressure area around a bubble. When a bubble moves along a zigzag trajectory, the low-pressure area at the trailing of a bubble swings back and forth in a plane, and the bubble is flatter. When moving along a spiral trajectory, the low-pressure area rotates around the trailing of the bubble and becomes more spherical. Compared with a zigzag trajectory, a bubble has a higher velocity and lower frequency when moving along a spiral trajectory.

Ultrafast lithium disilicate veneer debonding time assisted by a CO2 laser with temperature control

We report on using a CO2 (10.6 µm) laser to debond the lithium disilicate veneers. Sixty-four sound human premolar teeth and 64 veneer specimens were used in the study. The zigzag movement via CO2 laser handpiece along with an air-cooled jet to prevent temperature elevation above the necrosis temperature limit (5.5 C°) was applied. The optimal deboning irradiation time was super-fast, at about 5 seconds at 3 Watt CO2 laser power. It is 20 times less than any previously published work for veneers debonding. The enamel beneath the debonded veneers has been assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and shear stress technique as criteria for the easiness of debonding. The fast deboning process with nonsignificant changes in enamel integrity and tooth vitality reflects the high potential of CO2 laser in veneers debonding.

Three-dimensional dynamics of a single bubble rising near a vertical wall: Paths and wakes

In order to clarify the migration mechanism and wake behavior of a single bubble rising near a vertical wall, three-dimensional direct numerical simulations are implemented based on the open-source software Basilisk and various types of migration paths like linear, zigzag and spiral are investigated. The volume of fluid (VOF) method is used to capture the bubble interface at a small scale, while the gas-liquid interface and high-velocity-gradient regions in the flow field are encrypted with the adaptive mesh refinement technology. The results show that the vertical wall has an obstructive effect on the diffusion of the vortex boundary layer on the surface of the bubble migrating in a straight line, and the resulting reaction force tends to push the bubbles away from the wall surface. For the zigzag or spiral movement of a bubble in the x-y plane, the perpendicular wall is an unstable factor, but on the contrary, the motion in the z-y plane is stabilized.

Visualizing water seepage dynamics in grotto relics via atom-based representative model

Water seepage in grotto relics, i.e., Yungang Grottoes, Dazu Rock Carvings, is a key issue to accurately describe the deterioration and weathering process of grotto rock mass. Considering rainfall infiltration, Finite element simulation was performed for studying the water flow through macro-channel of fractured rock in the 4th cave of Yungang Grottoes, where a group of joints with directions of S62°E and N5°W are widely developed. A 3D atom-based representative model was derived from X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and the related semi-quantitative calculation of grotto rock powders, for visualizing the associated seepage characteristics through micro-channel by means of molecular dynamics simulation, for the first time. By analyzing various properties, ranging from the configuration and energetic behaviors to the dynamic characteristics, the calculated water flux and mass flow rate were equal to 270 ns−1 and 8.10 × 10–12 g s−1, respectively. A dynamic process of water transport from the entrance region to the exit region was examined and it is consistent with the relative concentration profiles at the corresponding stage. The tagged O atoms experienced a zigzag movement instead of linear motion as expected, roughly exhibited the same target direction. The seepage characteristics in grotto relics experienced a complex evolution process and three types can be summarized: water infiltrates through micro-channels with a low flow rate; it flows through fracture with a relatively high flow rate; it turned into a kind of analogous pipe flow in inter-connected fracture network, resulting in water seepage hazard. Current simulation studies provide helpful insights for understanding the water flow-infiltration behavior of fractured rock in grotto relics.

Improving biomass mixture separation efficiency in multiple inclined channels of gas–solid fluidized bed: CFD-DEM simulation and orthogonal experiment

In order to improve the separation efficiency of clean biomass products and waste, a Z -shaped fluidized bed with multiple inclined channels is developed and applied in industrial production. Particle motion characteristics are studied using the computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method and verified by imaging experiments. The influences of operating parameters on the separation of mixture with different densities are investigated. A L 9 (3 4 ) orthogonal array is proposed to identify the main and secondary factors, and the optimal combination working condition is determined. Results demonstrate that the mixtures collide and separate many times in the inclined fluidization channels. The superficial velocity is the core for the separation efficiency, followed by the aspect ratio, and the conveying speed has a minimum effect. The Z -shaped fluidization system has an optimal performance when the superficial velocity is 6 m/s, the aspect ratio is 15/2.5 mm, the conveying speed is 2 m/s, and the mass flow rate is 0.156/0.033 kg/s. Compared with the average of the orthogonal table, the collection rate of clean products and impurities in the optimal combination increases by 70.4% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, particles are mainly perpendicular to the airflow with a zigzag movement pattern. The core-annulus structure and reflux of particles and gas are observed. The predictions on the biomass distribution agree well with experimental results, and the angle error is less than 14%. These findings will provide helpful guidance on biomass recovery utilization and other cleaner production. • A novel multiple inclined fluidization channel is designed for biomass separation. • Gas–solid coupling is studied by using the CFD-DEM. • A L 9 (3 4 ) orthogonal array is proposed to identify the main and secondary factors. • The collection rate of clean products in the optimal combination increases by 70.4%. • Biomass motion characteristics are verified by developed image processing technology.

An exploration of the role of driving experience on self-reported and real-world aberrant driving behaviors

A significant proportion of global road crashes are attributed to unsafe driving behaviors. The current study aimed to explore potential differences in driving behaviors across experienced and novice drivers using two separate approaches; a questionnaire study and an instrumented vehicle study (IVS). The analysis of 260 questionnaires and 1,372 traffic interactions within the IVS revelated that driving experience affects driving performance for different driving tasks. Factor analysis of the questionnaire data revealed the impact of driving errors, lapses, violations, and aggressive violations on the behavior of novice and experienced drivers. Behavioral models of novice and experienced drivers encountering other road users were determined using binary logistic regression. The results showed that novice drivers were more likely to engage in driving violations while experienced drivers were more likely to engage in aggressive violations. Unauthorized speeding, zigzag movements, using a mobile phone while driving, and unauthorized overtaking on roads were the most frequent driving violations by novice drivers. The most frequent aggressive violations by experienced drivers were tempting other drivers to create a race and chasing other drivers. These findings may be used as a framework to facilitate safer driving behaviors by reducing errors, lapses, violations and aggressive violations, and facilitating safety-promoting attitudes.

Reversible Lithium-Ion Storage in h-Bi2Ge3O9-Based Anode: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

The new Li-ion host anode, h -Bi 2 Ge 3 O 9 , exhibits a remarkably high capacity after 200 cycles, which is promoted by its moderate volume expansion and its low activation energy of diffusion for Li-ions. • The hexagonal Bi 2 Ge 3 O 9 structure can deliver a stable performance as Li-host anode. • The h -Bi 2 Ge 3 O 9 structure can store 40Li/mol and suffer a moderate expansion of 112%. • Li-ion diffusion into the h -Bi 2 Ge 3 O 9 structure occurs via a zigzag movement. A promising high-capacity anode material, h -Bi 2 Ge 3 O 9 with benitoite phase, was successfully prepared by a versatile two-step method that involves: (i) an initial sol–gel process, followed by (ii) air thermal treatment at high temperature. Due to its unique physico-chemical and electrochemical features, the h -Bi 2 Ge 3 O 9 -based electrode can reversibly store 18.1 mols of lithium (Li) per mol of h -Bi 2 Ge 3 O 9 , delivering a high capacity of 621.9 mAh/g at 200 mA g −1 with good coulombic efficiency of >99.5 %, reasonable capacity retention of 77 % and low electrode polarization (41 mV) after 200 cycles. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the h -Bi 2 Ge 3 O 9 structure could store 40Li atoms, Li 40 Bi 2 Ge 3 O 9 , with a stable formation energy ( E f ) of −1.20 eV, suffering a volume expansion of 112 %. Also, the simulation revealed the rupture of Bi-O and Ge-O bonds, which promote the formation of new interactions as Li-Bi, Bi-Bi, Li 3 Bi, Li-Ge, Ge-Ge and Li 4 Ge in the h -Bi 2 Ge 3 O 9 crystal as the concentration of lithium rises upon lithiation. Initially, Li-ions are preferentially stored at tetrahedral sites, coordinated with 4 oxygen atoms ( E f = − 0.49 eV), and its diffusion into h -Bi 2 Ge 3 O 9 crystal occurs via a zig-zag movement through its monolayer with a favorable activation energy barrier of ∼0.70 eV.

Numerical investigation of the influence of process parameters and tool path on the temperature in the laser glass deposition (LGD) process

Additive manufacturing has gained interest in the industry due to its flexibility in design and the possibility to integrate functionalities. Thereby, glass has a high potential to be developed also in this field due to its thermal stability, chemical resistance, and optical transmission. Laser glass deposition is a method for fabricating glass components on a glass substrate. The energy input and the resulting temperature are crucial factors in this process, which can influence the material properties and the resulting geometry. Also, depending on the temperature in the substrate, difficulties such as high residual stresses or thermal shock can occur. The temperature on the glass substrate and in the melt zone can be changed either directly by the laser power or laser spot size, or indirectly by other process variables such as travel speed or path planning strategy. In this study, the energy input and the resulting temperature in the melt zone are numerically investigated under selected process parameters. Based on this, a regression function was created so that the generated temperature can be calculated by corresponding laser power, laser spot diameter, and axis velocity. Moreover, different tool path strategies for the production of horizontally multilayered surfaces were thermally investigated. The results showed a more uniform temperature profile with zigzag movement than the spiral tool path. The influence of the turning point angle in path planning on the temperature change was also investigated. It was observed that the 90° corner in contrast to the smaller angle has no significant influence on the temperature change.

Gloss and Modelling Studies of Stone Polishing Using Linear Polishing Machines with Rotating Heads

The ornamental stone industry has always played an important role in the world economy. Polishing the slabs to increase their gloss is important to enhance the beauty and richness of these natural materials. Many industrial polishing machines rely on a rotating head’s movement along zigzag trajectories (controlled by belt, transverse and rotational speeds), to erode the surface as stochastically as possible (to avoid scratches and other visual defects caused by paths that are too symmetrical). Optimizing (and automatizing) these three speeds together therefore represents a significant gain for the industry, in time, energy, and quality of product. In this work we show that this optimization can be accomplished by fulfilling these conditions: (1) the displacement of the polishing head after a single zigzag movement should be smaller than its diameter; and (2) the displacement of the polishing head after a single rotation should be smaller than its radius. To assess the validity of these two conditions, we studied the polishing activity using experiments based on gloss measurements of the polished stone and computer simulations based on the geometric contacts between the tool and the stone. We concluded that: (i) a clear correlation can be established between experimental and simulation data; (ii) the two displacement parameters represent an effective way to control the quality and efficiency of the polishing process; and (iii) there is a limit to the gloss acquired through polishing processes, thus polishing above a given threshold decreases the efficiency without increasing the quality. The correspondence between experimental and modelling results opens the door to further optimizations of these polishing processes in the future.

Assessment of diphenhydramine toxicity - Is its mode of action conserved between human and zebrafish?

The main aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of the pharmaceutical diphenhydramine (DPH) on embryo-larvae Danio rerio across distinct levels of organization - individual and subcellular - and correlate those effects with the DPH mode of action (MoA) assessed by in silico analysis. An embryos heartbeat rate reduction was observed at 10mg/L DPH, but 0.001 to 10mg/L did not significantly affect the zebrafish survival, hatching and morphology. Larvae swimming distance decreased (hypoactivity) at 1 and 10mg/L DPH. Moreover, the straightforward movements decrease and the increase in the zigzag movements or movements with direction changes, shown an erratic swimming behavior. Energy budgets decreased for lipid (0.01mg/L DPH) and carbohydrate (10mg/L DPH) contents. Cholinesterase (neural function) and glutathione S-transferase (Phase II biotransformation/antioxidant processes) increased their activities at 10mg/L DPH, where a decrease in the total glutathione content (antioxidant system) was observed. DNA damage was found at 0.01 and 10mg/L DPH. However, a DNA repair occurred after subsequent 72h in clean media. The in silico study revealed a relevant conservation between human and zebrafish DPH target molecules. These data provide a valuable ecotoxicological information about the DPH effects and MoA to non-target organisms.

Strange ethics, stranger politics: Levinas and Vice on escaping the passivity of shame

In this article, I put Emmanuel Levinas and Samantha Vice into conversation on the topics of shame and politics to demonstrate how each’s understanding on these can help attenuate shortcomings in the other’s position. Vice’s ethical inquiry into how white South Africans can be and live well, is I argue, problematically conceptualised. This tracks a problematic distinction between shame and guilt respectively, and consequently, undermines Vice’s suggested remedy of political silence. Levinas’s account of ethical subjectivity, in which the self is hostage to the other person, requiring a total apology for its shameful being, however, renders the subject so fundamentally passive that it becomes unclear how the passage to politics can be negotiated. In the first movement of my argument, I deploy Levinas to recast Vice’s project, to be and live well (in South Africa) as an ethical project always already a political project. In the second (but diachronous) movement of my argument, I argue that Vice’s prescription that those implicated in, and continuing to benefit from, systems of oppression should remain politically silent, offers a practical way to cash out Levinas’s zig-zag movement between ethics and politics. A secondary contribution of the article adds to the project of putting analytic moral philosophy (broadly Vice’s position) into dialogue with continental philosophy as exemplified in Levinasian ethics.

Adaptive virtual anchor node based underwater localization using improved shortest path algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique

AbstractDetection and accurate position estimation have become an essential task for any static underwater acoustic sensor networks. Many localization schemes have been introduced in the field of terrestrial WSN over the last few decades. These schemes are still not perfectly realizable in a harsh underwater environment due to their erroneous communication channel and infrastructure‐less environment. Limited localization coverage, propagation error, and accuracy are the major drawbacks in acoustic communication. This article proposed an adaptive virtual anchor node based on the improved shortest path algorithm with PSO technique. The main advantages of this proposed scheme are divided into two parts. First, introducing an enhanced shortest path algorithm can reduce the propagation error generated through multi‐hop zigzag movement and improve the coverage. Second, the particle swarm optimization algorithm with virtual anchor nodes can significantly enhance the accuracy by reducing the errors to localize the unknown nodes. Investigational results manifest that the proposed methodology performed better than the Improved DV‐Hop +PSO, IRL‐WOA, and basic DV‐Hop methods as far as their restriction. The proposed method improved 23%, 30%, and 35% better localization error, 10%, 15%, and 22% better relative localization error, and 10%, 18%, and 25% better accuracy respectively.

A STUDY ON TREND AND GROWTH OF GRAPE IN TAMIL NADU

In this paper analysis Area, Production and Productivity of Grape in Tamil Nadu during the year from 2008-09 to 2017-18.Grape cultivation is believed to have originated in Armenia near the Caspian Sea in Russia, from where it spread westward to Europe and eastward to Iran and Afghanistan. The estimated total world production for grapes in 2018 was 79,125,982 metric tons up by 6.5 per cent from 74,276,583 tons in 2017. China was the largest producer of grapes, accounting for 16.9 per cent of global production. Italy came second at 10.8 per cent, followed by the United States at 8.7 per cent. In Tamil Nadu level, the productivity in the beginning year was 29.80 million tons and 27.27 million tons in the end year, however during middle of the period the productivity was zigzag movement respectively. The rate of decline in compounded term (CAGR = -2.81, t = -3.75, P = < 0.05) is marginally significant at 5 per cent level. The rate of decline production & productivity in compounded term (CAGR = -6.18, t = -2.00, P = < 0.01) and (CAGR = -3.74, t = -1.11, P = 0.01) are marginally significant at 1 per cent level. It is found that production and productivity are ups and down movement throughout the period.

The Movement Track of the Ocean Current in Jiaozhou Bay

According to the data on the investigation of Jiaozhou Bay in May, August and October, 1992, the Pb content and the horizontal distribution in the surface of Jiaozhou Bay were studied. The results show that in May, the open ocean current with a high content of Pb entered Jiaozhou Bay surrounding the nearshore waters of the bay. In August, in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay, there was only one high Pb content source - open ocean current transportation. The open ocean current entered Jiaozhou Bay with a high content of Pb. The ocean current passed from the outside of the bay to the inside through the bay mouth with 37.53 μg/L Pb content. Then the ocean current made a circle around the inshore waters of Jiaozhou Bay, bringing a high Pb content zone of 11.30 - 27.44 μg/L. At this point, a low Pb content area of 5.53 μg/L appeared in the central waters of Jiaozhou Bay. So, in August, the open ocean current with a high content of Pb moved into Jiaozhou Bay. Then it surrounded the nearshore waters of the bay. By the authors’ Dongfang Yang’s migration law of material content, it is obtained that the open ocean current with high Pb content moves into Jiaozhou Bay. And with the continuous decrease of Pb content, the flow path of the open ocean current in the bay, illustrated by a model block diagram, is left. Furthermore, the migration law reveals that the unit water body with the ocean current returns to the inlet water in a counterclockwise direction along the inshore water in the bay. Thus, under the combined action of ocean current and tide, this unit of water body shows zigzag movement from east to north and to west along the eastern, northern and western coastal waters of Jiaozhou Bay, leaving the center of the bay barely affected by the unit water. The unit body of water has a circular center in the center of the bay and a zigzag motion along the edges. Moreover, the topography and geomorphology of the bottom of Jiaozhou Bay also confirm the movement track of the ocean current in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay proposed by the authors.

Prediction of a research vessel manoeuvring using numericalPMM and free running tests

International Maritime Organisation (IMO) regulations insist on reduced emission of CO2, noxious and other environmentally dangerous gases from ship, which are usually let out while burning fossil fuel for running its propulsive machinery. Contrallability of ship during sailing has a direct implication on its course keeping and changing ability, and tries to have an optimised routing. Bad coursekeeping ability of a ship may lead to frequent use of rudder and resulting changes in the ship\'s drift angle. Consequently, it increases vessels resistance and also may lead to longer path for its journey due to zigzag movements. These adverse effects on the ship journey obviously lead to the increase in fuel consumption and higher emission. Hence, IMO has made it mandatory to evaluate the manoeuvring qualities of a ship at the designed stage itself. In this paper a numerical horizontal planar motion mechanism is simulated in CFD environment and from the force history, the hydrodynamic derivatives appearing in the manoeuvring equation of motion of a ship are estimated. These derivatives along with propeller thrust and rudder effects are used to simulate different standard manoeuvres of the vessel and check its parameters against the IMO requirements. The present study also simulates these manoeuvres by using numerical free running model for the same ship. The results obtained from both these studies are presented and discussed here.