Zig Zag Research Articles

Comparison of physiological outcomes after dynamic exertion between athletes at return to sport from concussion and controls: Preliminary findings

ObjectivesCompare physiological (heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure), performance (change-of-direction task completion time and errors), and clinical (symptoms and rating of perceived exertion) outcomes during dynamic exertion between athletes at return to sport after concussion to healthy athlete controls. DesignCase control. MethodsA sample of 23 (Female = 10; 43.5 %) athletes at medical clearance to play/activity from concussion (CONCUSS) and 23 sex-, age-, and sport-matched healthy athletes (CONTROLS) completed a 5-min seated rest before and after the dynamic exertion test. Independent sample t-tests were used to compare CONCUSS and CONTROLS for completion time, heart rate, and blood pressure; and Mann–Whitney U tests for symptoms, perceived exertion, and errors. A series of ANOVAs were conducted to compare heart rate variability between groups across pre- and post-exercise rest periods. ResultsThere were no differences in heart rate, blood pressure, symptoms, perceived exertion, and errors. CONCUSS were faster on Zig Zag (p = .048) and Pro Agility (p = .018) tasks, reported lower symptom severity (p = .019), and had lower post-EXiT HRV (p < .049) than CONTROLS. ConclusionsPerformance, symptoms, perceived exertion, and blood pressure outcomes from dynamic exertion were equivocal between athletes at medical clearance from concussion and healthy controls, which provide empirical support for dynamic exercise to inform medical clearance clinical decision making for sport-related concussion. However, differences in autonomic nervous system functioning indicate that additional research is needed to examine temporal changes in heart rate variability and other physiological outcomes following dynamic exertion.

Comparison Assessment of Pier Dimension Measurement with Different Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) Setup Location

A bridge is a structure that joins two highways and has four distinct parts: the deck, abutment, pier, and joist. For safety reasons, this structure required routine inspections by a qualified inspector. Suggesting a new approach that uses non-contact testing technologies (NCT) will resolve all the difficulties related to the inspector’s current conventional method’s increased time, expense, and labor intensity. Compared to traditional approaches using visual inspection, NCT technologies are prospective instruments for assessing the state of bridges since they allow for quick and simple measurement with little disruption to traffic. Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) is now taught in surveying courses to help surveyors perform their jobs more efficiently. The goal of this study was to make technology use better because it requires less human interaction with quality results. TLS contains a points cloud consisting of x, y, and z coordinates; hence it can produce 3-dimensional (3D) model output. The main objective of this study is to produce the 3D model from point cloud data, followed by the second objective, which is to compare measurement of pier dimension with various distance of TLS setup distance location. To achieve this objective, configuration of TLS with Zig Zag setup location to cover all of bridge structure to produce a 3D model and configure three various distance TLS setup location to measure the accuracy of pier dimension. The control actual data was done by measuring using Total Station and measuring tape. The output of point cloud data from TLS using Cyclone Register360 was compared with actual data. The results shown point cloud data from TLS can produced 3D model with accurate dimension measurement. Setup the TLS location depends on the suitability of the work to increase the quality of data.

NO2 Adsorption Sensitivity Adjustment of As/Sb Lateral Heterojunctions through Strain: First Principles Calculations

Strain engineering is an effective way to adjust the sensing properties of two-dimensional materials. In this paper, lateral heterojunctions (LHSs) based on arsenic and antimony have been designed along the armchair (AC) or zigzag (ZZ) edges. The adsorption and sensing characteristics of As/Sb LHSs to NO2 before and after applying different types of strain are calculated by first principles. The band gaps of all As/Sb heterostructures are contributed by As-p and Sb-p orbitals. In addition, the adsorption energy of As/Sb ZZ-LHS with −4% compression strain is the largest. Furthermore, its work function changes significantly before and after the adsorption of NO2. Meanwhile, strong orbital hybridizations near the Fermi level are observed and a new state is yielded after applying compressive strain. These results indicate that the As/Sb LHS with ZZ interface under −4% compression strain possesses the best sensing properties to NO2. This work lays the foundation for the fabrication of high-performance NO2 gas sensors. High-performance gas sensors can be used to track and regulate NO2 exposure and emission, as well as to track NO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and support the assessment of air quality.

Adsorption of gas molecules on monolayer As/Sb lateral heterostructures investigated by first principles

Gas detection is already crucial for addressing an increasingly polluted environment. Due to its great advantages in terms of high carrier mobility, large specific surface area, and quick reaction, two-dimensional heterojunctions are widely used in high-performance gas sensor applications. In this study, two different types of LHSs (lateral heterostructures) based on As/Sb were built along armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) interfaces, and the adsorption of gas molecules (NO2, NO, and NH3) on them was examined using first-principles calculations. The findings showed that NO2 molecules are chemically adsorbed on As/Sb LHSs, whereas NH3 molecules are physically adsorbed on As/Sb LHSs, NO molecules are physically at the AC interface, and chemically adsorbed at the ZZ interface.

Thematic Progression Pattern in Al-Hikam Aphorism Arabic – Bahasa Indonesia and Arabic – English; Systemic Functional Linguistic Approach

This research investigated the information structure in translated texts Arabic – Bahasa Indonesia and Arabic – English, and how the structure is developed in terms of thematic progression pattern, so the text can be cohesive. This study also examines whether there is a topic change from the source language (SL) to the target language (TL). The method used in this study was divided into three phases: data collection, data analysis, and research report. The total of data used in this research were 435 clauses with thematic structure from 100 aphorisms in al-Hikam aphorisms Arab – Bahasa Indonesia and Arabic – English. The high percentage of unmarked topical theme shows that, textually, the information distribution in the aphorisms Arabic – Bahasa Indonesia and Arabic – English is organized in a coherent and systematic way. There are 64.35% of unmarked topical theme in Arabic – Bahasa Indonesia, and there are 59.62% in Arabic – English. The linear and zig zag progression patterns do not experience shift. Meanwhile, there is a shift in the multiple and distributed patterns. This has an impact on the level of cohesion and wholeness of the message in the thematic structure of al-Hikam aphorisms. Contextually, this research contributes to the study of cross-language and cross-cultural. A translator must be more careful in translating aphorisms in both Arabic – Bahasa Indonesia and Arabic – English since the progression patterns are multiple and distributed. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Theme mapping in information structure is an important thing that a translator should pay attention to.

Pengaruh Metode Latihan Dan Media Video Terhadap Kecepatan Reaksi Pemain Bola Voli (The Effect of Training Methods and Video Media on the Reaction Speed of Volleyball Players)

The problem in this study is whether there is an effect of training methods and the use of video media together on the reaction speed of youth volleyball athletes in class VII A SMPN 3 Genteng Banyuwangi in the Even Semester of the 2022/2023 Academic Year. X1 variable (practice method) 3 indicators: 1) serve over, 2) smash, 3) block. Variable X2 (use of video media) 3 indicators: 1) top serve, 2) shuttle run, 3) zig zag run. Variable Y (reaction speed) 3 indicators: 1) arm muscle strength, 2) stalk muscle strength, 3) ball drops drill. Causal quantitative research design. The method of determining the purposive sampling area. Population research technique population research. Data collection techniques: 1). observation, 2). interview, 3). document, 4) questionnaire, 5). test. Data analysis 1) instrument test, 2) classic assumption test, 3) hypothesis test. T-test results of the effect of the training method on reaction speed (2.841&gt; 2.004227), t-test of using video media on reaction speed (2.434&gt; 2.004227), F-test results of t-test of training methods and use of video media on reaction speed (3.586&gt; 3,32). So it can be concluded that the training method and video media have an effect on reaction speed so that H0 is rejected.

Experimental Study of Flow Regimes of Stepped Weir

&#x0D; Depending on the discharge and the stepped weir's dimensions, flow over a stepped weir can be primarily divided into three different flow regimes: nappe, transition, and skimming. The different properties for each flow regime make the decision of the flow regime an important component in the design of a stepped weir. Five stepped weir models have been used in experiments to determine the flow regime limits for these weirs. The models were made with various numbers of steps (3, 5, 7, 10, and 14) and downstream slope angle of 30˚. The configurations of steps that tested were flat step, fully pooled step, and zig zag pooled step . The results showed the end sills have a large impact on the type of flow regime. Based on the experimental data for flow regimes (nappe flow , transition flow and skimming flow ), a new set of empirical equations was proposed, with a determination coefficient〖 R〗^2 for these regimes (0.87, 0.71 ,0.7 ) respectively.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

A Stretchable, Conductive Thread-Based Sensor Towards Wearable Monitoring of Muscle Atrophy.

We present the first wearable sensor designed for frequent monitoring of muscle atrophy and validate performance upon canonical phantoms. Our approach relies on Faraday's law of induction and exploits the dependence of magnetic flux density on cross-sectional area. We employ wrap-around transmit and receive coils that stretch to fit changing limb sizes using conductive threads (e-threads) in a novel zig zag pattern. Changes in the loop size result in changes in the magnitude and phase of the transmission coefficient between loops. Simulation and in vitro measurement results are in excellent agreement. As a proof-of-concept, a cylindrical calf model for an average-sized subject is considered. The frequency of 60 MHz is selected via simulation for optimal limb size resolution in magnitude and phase while remaining in the inductive mode of operation. We can monitor muscle volume loss of up to 51%, with an approximate resolution of 0.17 dB and 1.58° per 1% volume loss. In terms of muscle circumference, we achieve resolution of 0.75 dB and 6.7° per centimeter. Thus, we can monitor small-scale changes in overall limb size. This is the first known approach for monitoring muscle atrophy with a sensor designed to be worn. Additionally, this work brings forward innovations in creating stretchable electronics from e-threads (as opposed to inks, liquid metal, or polymer). The proposed sensor will provide improved monitoring for patients suffering from muscle atrophy. The stretching mechanism can be seamlessly integrated into garments which creates unprecedented opportunities for future wearable devices.

THE EFFECT OF ZIG ZAG RUN TRAINING ON THE AGILITY OF FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN SSB WONER

The problem in research is the lack of agility that students have at SSB Woner. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the zig zag run exercise on the agility of SSB Woner students. The population in this study were all students aged 15 years using a total sampling technique, amounting to 15 students. This type of research is, using a one-group pre-test-post-test design. From the results of this study it can be concluded that the average pre-test was 19.13 and the post-test was 17.05, based on the normality test LoMax pretest was 0.1329 &lt;L table 0.22, and LoMax posttest was 0.1224 &lt;L table 0.22 is said to be normal. based on statistical analysis of the t test, the difference value is 2.01 and produces a tcount of 15.461 and a ttable of 1.761. Means tcount &gt; ttable. It can be concluded that the zigzag run exercise (X) has an influence on agility (Y) on soccer players in SSB Woner&#x0D; Keyword: zig zag run training, agility, soccer

Artificial neural network potentials for mechanics and fracture dynamics of two-dimensional crystals ** ** Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license

Understanding the mechanics and failure of materials at the nanoscale is critical for their engineering and applications. The accurate atomistic modeling of brittle failure with crack propagation in covalent crystals requires a quantum mechanics-based description of individual bond-breaking events. Artificial neural network potentials (NNPs) have emerged to overcome the traditional, physics-based modeling tradeoff between accuracy and accessible time and length scales. Previous studies have shown successful applications of NNPs for describing the structure and dynamics of molecular systems and amorphous or liquid phases of materials. However, their application to deformation and failure processes in materials is still uncommon. In this study, we discuss the apparent limitations of NNPs for the description of deformation and fracture under loadings and propose a way to generate and select training data for their employment in simulations of deformation and fracture simulations of crystals. We applied the proposed approach to 2D crystalline graphene, utilizing the density-functional tight-binding method for more efficient and extensive data generation in place of density functional theory. Then, we explored how the data selection affects the accuracy of the developed artificial NNPs. It revealed that NNP’s reliability should not only be measured based on the total energy and atomic force comparisons for reference structures but also utilize comparisons for physical properties, e.g. stress–strain curves and geometric deformation. In sharp contrast to popular reactive bond order potentials, our optimized NNP predicts straight crack propagation in graphene along both armchair and zigzag (ZZ) lattice directions, as well as higher fracture toughness of ZZ edge direction. Our study provides significant insight into crack propagation mechanisms on atomic scales and highlights strategies for NNP developments of broader materials.

A Study on the Atghar Kuriana and Vimruli Tourist Destination’s Challenges to Sustainability

The study mainly focuses on the limitations and challenges of Atghar Kuriana and Vimruli as a tourism destination and local communities’ attitude toward tourism. Actually, there is a little study about this amazing tourist destination, though it is an emerging tourist destination in Bangladesh. This study was conducted following survey research methodology; a separate survey questionnaire for tourists and local communities were developed to serve study objectives. The survey was conducted using both open and close-ended questionnaires. This study uncovered that tourists who visited there have bewitched enjoying the natural beauty, boating, zig zag canals, row upon row boats loaded with guava, amra and lemon but dissatisfaction over sanitation facility, quality restaurants and cottages, recreational and entertainment facilities, safety security, eve teasing, sound pollution as well as actually no authority to look after the overall activity. Moreover, there is no difference both gender and civil status in terms of visitors’ response to destination facilities as well as visitors’ knowledge on sustainable tourism, but collectively gender civil status revealed a significant difference. I hope the results of the survey might be worthwhile to policy makers, private entrepreneurs and marketers while formulating their policies, to attract local and foreign tourists and also to ensure sustainability of this amazing tourist destination.

Acute Effects of Different Creatine Supplementation Methods on Anaerobic Performance

The aim of this study is to compare the acute effects of different creatine loading methods on anaerobic performance in soccer players. Totally 21 healthy male soccer players participated in this study. The study was conducted in a randomized and double-blind study design. Athletes were loaded with creatine on 3 different days. The different creatine supplementation methods were as follows; athletes took creatine supplement 4 times a day for 15 days, 4x5 grams for the first 5 days and 5 g for the following 10 days. In other creatin loading is took 0.3 grams of creatine per kg for 15 days. In other creatin loading is (placebo loading) received the same amount (Maltodextrine) for 15 days. Vertical jump, 10-30 m sprint test and agility test were performed on all subjects. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used for normality distribution of the data. Since parametric test assumptions were met, t-test for dependent groups and one-way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) for repeated measurements were used to compare dependent group differences. Significant differences were found for 10-30 m sprint, vertical jumping, zig zag test (p

The Effect of Zig-Zag Running Training Using Weights on Dribbling Skills in Football Games for Extracurricular Students at Sma Negeri 6 Bengkulu Selatan

This study aims to determine the effect of zig zag running exercises using weights on dribbling skills in soccer games for extracurricular students at SMA Negeri 6 Bengkulu Selatan. The type of research used in this study is a quantitative experimental research one Group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were all extracurricular members at SMA Negeri 6 Bengkulu Selatan, amounting to 25 people or students. The results of the research on the effect of zig zag running exercises using weights on dribbling skills in soccer games for extracurricular students of SMA Negeri 6 Bengkulu Selatan obtained an average pretest result of 46.08 and an average Posttest result of 48.52 with a difference of 2.44 and the result of tcount is 10.16 &gt; from ttable of 1.71008. Based on the statistical test with = 5% (0.05) that Ho is rejected or accepted Ha systematically that the Zig-zag running exercise has an effect on Dribbling skills.

First‐Principles Investigation of NO Molecule Adsorption on As6/Sb6 and Sb6/Bi6 Lateral Heterostructures

Predicting and designing highly gas‐sensitive semiconductors is crucial for solving growing environmental problems. Herein, four lateral heterostructures (LHSs), As6/Sb6 AC‐/ZZ‐LHSs and Sb6/Bi6 AC‐/ZZ‐LHSs, are constructed. The adsorption of NO molecule on these LHSs is investigated using first‐principle calculations. The results indicate that the adsorption of NO molecule on As6/Sb6 LHS with armchair (AC) interface is physisorption, whereas NO molecule is chemically adsorbed on As6/Sb6 LHS with zigzag (ZZ) interface and Sb6/Bi6 AC‐/ZZ‐LHSs, with strong adsorption energy and large charge transfer. All LHSs act as charge donors for the NO molecule. Meanwhile, the adsorption of NO molecule causes a significant change in the electronic properties of As6/Sb6 ZZ‐LHS and Sb6/Bi6 AC‐/ZZ‐LHSs, which shows that these LHSs have great potential for application in NO gas sensors.

Thematic Progression Analysis in Different Gender and Major by Students Of 12th Grade in Writing Review Text

The present research was conducted to analyze the thematic progression in students’ writing review text at grade 12 at SMA N 12 Medan. Therefore this research was led to analyze the kinds of thematic progression used by the students in writing review text and to find out how thematic progression was realized in students writing review text. Descriptive Qualitative was applying in this research. This research conducted for twelve grade of science and social class, male and females students’ consist of (5 males + 5 females students from Science class) and ( 5 males + 5 females students from social class). The result shows the researcher found that both in social and science class, all of the thematic progression are found in the passage which written by them. The first the researcher found the Reiteration Theme or Constant theme in almost every passage that written by the students and it is same if the researcher compared it by Male and Female class. It means that the students in social and science class even male and female trying to keep their passage is coherence each other. Then also find Zig Zag theme, almost every students already able to build an information but still has a cohesion with another sentence. The last the researcher also found the multiple rheme pattern. It shows that the students able to build a lot of information from the first rheme.

Hardware implementation of proposed and conventional PV array reconfiguration techniques to extract maximum power under various shading conditions

SummaryThe unpredictability of partial shadowing impacts the solar photovoltaic system's performance. This results in mismatch losses, reducing the healthy PV module's power output. This paper proposes a new reconfiguration method to increase the power generation of an array by lowering the power losses. A new physical relocation technique named the magic matrix shifting (MMS) method has been introduced in this paper. This work uses MATLAB/Simulink to model a 36, 213w, 6 × 6 PV array construction. Under six different partial shading situations, the performance has been examined based on P‐V, I‐V characteristics, maximum power extraction, power loss, and percentage. For comparison purposes, conventional total‐cross‐tide (TCT) and six other reconfigurations, including sudoku (SK), optimum sudoku (OSK), zig‐zag (ZZ), magic square (MS), sky‐scraper (SS), and novel shade dispersion (NSD) have been considered.

Importance of kink energy in calculating the formation energy of a graphene edge

The formation energy of an arbitrary graphene edge or that of other 2D materials has been estimated as a summation of the armchair (AC) and zigzag (ZZ) edge sites. Such an estimation assumes that each site is independent from its neighboring sites, which is unlikely due to the overlap of electron densities. Here, we show that to accurately calculate the formation energy of graphene edges with various functional groups the energy of the junction between AC and ZZ sites, the ``kink energy,'' is essential. It is significant that the kink energies of graphene edges with different functional groups are all negative, namely, kink formation stabilizes the chiral graphene edges.

Region based medical image encryption using advanced zigzag transform and 2D logistic sine map (2DLSM)

A large number of medical images are generated for diagnostic purposes, disease monitoring, research and education, quality control in health services, and so on. The secure transmission and storage of them demand a significant effort. Most of the available encryption schemes are designed for non-medical images, whereas medical images need a higher level of security and robust authentication. Additionally, in certain cases, only a specific part of the image, which may be separated into the region of interest and the region of background, medical images can be divided into these two regions. A region-based medical image encryption using a 2D logistic sine map (2DLSM) and an advanced zig zag transform is used to secure medical images. First, the Region of Interest (ROI) is extracted from the original medical image using basic morphological techniques, including edge detection, dilation, and erosion. Secondly, the ROI is encrypted using a complex zigzag transform and a 2D logistic sine map (2DLSM). Advanced zigzag transform that crosses in both directions while beginning at random points to jumble the image. This new zigzag transform method is more complex than existing zigzag transform techniques because the number of sequence types is equal to the number of pixels in the plaintext image. The confused image is diffused using a random sequence created using the 2D logistic sine map approach after numerous iterations of an advanced zigzag transformation. In order to save time and computational resources, the background region pixels are eliminated during encryption. Experiments and security analyses show that the suggested approach is strong in defending against diverse assaults and can effectively secure ROI of different types and sizes of medical photos.

Understanding and Preventing Lubrication Failure at the Carbon Atomic Steps.

Two-dimensional (2D) lamellar materials are normally capable of rendering super-low friction, wear protection, and adhesion reduction in nanoscale due to their ultralow shear strength between two basal plane surfaces. However, high friction at step edges prevents the 2D materialsfrom achieving super-low friction in macroscale applications and eventually leads to failure of lubrication performance. Here, taking graphene as an example, the authors report that not all step edges are detrimental. The armchair (AC) step edges are found to have only a minor topographic effect on friction, while the zigzag (ZZ) edges cause friction two orders of magnitude larger than the basal plane. The AC step edge is less reactive and thus more durable. However, the ZZ structure prevails when step edges are produced mechanically, for example, through mechanical exfoliation or grinding of graphite. The authors found a wayto make the high-friction ZZ edge superlubricious by reconstructing the (6,6) hexagon structure to the (5,7) azulene-like structure through thermal annealing in an inert gas environment. This will facilitate the realization of graphene-based superlubricity over a wide range of industrial applications in which avoiding the involvement of step edges is difficult.

Structural, opto-electrical, and band-edge properties of full-series multilayer SnS1-xSex (0≤x≤1) compounds with strong in-plane anisotropy

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with black phosphorus (BP) structure have recently received considerable attention on the realization of polarized optoelectronic device, axial-dependent carrier transport, and asymmetric 2D electronic and energy device owing to the strong in-plane anisotropy presented in the van der Waal plane. In this work, multilayered SnS1-xSex chalcogenides of x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8 and x = 1 were grown by chemical vapor transport and then exfoliated on a SiO2/Si substrate for further optical characterization. Polarized micro-Raman experiment and theoretical Raman-mode calculation simultaneously demonstrate strong in-plane anisotropy with the maximum Raman intensity of the armchair (AM) chain vibration mode (Ag) shows mutual orthogonality to the zigzag (ZZ) chain-oriented mode (B1g) in the full-series multilayer SnS1-xSex (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). For the intermediate compositions between x = 0.2 and x = 0.8, a crucial physical mechanism as “symmetry breaking” has been proposed to account for the increased number of separated Ag and B1g modes with different energies as compared to those detected for the binary compounds of orthorhombic SnS and SnSe. For the band-edge anisotropy, the bandgap value of ZZ polarized direction is shown to be lower than that of the AM direction for each of the SnS1-xSex compounds evidenced by polarized-thermoreflectance experiments and first-principles calculations.