Zero Point Research Articles

Lightning Discharge as a Self-Organizing Transport Network. Part 1. The Concept of an Asymmetric Discharge Tree

Lightning is a self-developing transport system of plasma channels demonstrating the ability to self-regulation due to self-consistent maintenance of zero total charge of the entire branched discharge network. The lightning structural evolution is accompanied by significant morphological changes: new plasma channels appear, and some of old ones disappear. The accomplished work was in general aimed at studying intracloud lightning and cloud-to-ground discharges up to the moment the latter come in contact with the ground. It has been shown, as part of the study, that the ability of lightning, as an open system, to maintain its structural “homeostasis” is closely linked with macroscale asymmetry: the lightning morphological and transport properties are caused by loss of electric discharge tree structural symmetry when the discharge polarity changes for the opposite. Indeed, the asymmetry of electric field threshold strength levels needed to support the growth of positive and negative streamers leads to pronounced macroscale effects in the physics of lightning. Ground discharges of negative polarity consist most often of a series of strokes passing through the same channel, while positive flashes are as a rule limited to a single stroke. Negative and positive lightning leaders have significant morphological differences: the growth of positive leaders is accompanied by development of negative recoil leaders, whereas no one has observed positive recoil leaders, if they exist at all. The results of the study are presented in two parts. This article contains an introductory part that sets out the narration general context, and, by analogy with the hierarchical Horton-Strahler scheme used for river systems, analyzes the asymmetry of the spatial distribution of capacitance in different parts of the lightning discharge tree. The concept of a point of zero induced charge or a reversing point is discussed.

Investigating the Effects of Climate and Land Use Changes on Rawal Dam Reservoir Operations and Hydrological Behavior

In order to assess the effects of climate change and land use change on Rawal Dam, a major supply of water for Rawalpindi and Islamabad, this study uses hydrological modeling at the watershed scale. The HEC-HMS model was used to simulate the hydrological response in the Rawal Dam catchment to historical precipitation. The calibrated model was then used to determine how changes in land use and climate had an impact on reservoir inflows. The model divided the Rawal Dam watershed into six sub-basins, each with unique features, and covered the entire reservoir’s catchment area using data from three climatic stations (Murree, Islamabad Zero Point and Rawal Dam). For the time spans of 2003–2005 and 2006–2007, the model was calibrated and verified, respectively. An excellent fit between the observed and predicted flows was provided by the model. The GCM (MPI-ESM1-2-HR) produced estimates of temperature and precipitation under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP2 and SSP5) after statistical downscaling with the CMhyd model. To evaluate potential effects of climate change and land use change on Rawal Dam, these projections, along with future circumstances for land use and land cover, were fed to the calibrated model. The analysis was carried out on a seasonal basis over the baseline period (1990–2015) and over future time horizon (2016–2100), which covers the present century. The findings point to a rise in precipitation for both SSPs, which is anticipated to result in an increase in inflows throughout the year. SSP2 projected a 15% increase in precipitation across the Rawal Dam catchment region until the end of the twenty-first century, while SSP5 forecasted a 17% increase. It was determined that higher flows are to be anticipated in the future. The calibrated model can also be utilized successfully for future hydrological impact assessments on the reservoir, it was discovered.

METAL, PAPER, AND RUBBER WASTE MANAGEMENT SCENARIO A CASE STUDY OF KHULNA CITY

Because of modern day overpopulation, rapid industrial and lifestyle growth, and Khulna citys geographic location, natural resource consumption is rising while their availability is deteriorating. This paper has been designed with an attempt to inform the policymakers of Bangladesh regarding the potential of waste management and recycling as a renewable source of energy. Due to economic and environmental initiatives, metal, paper, and rubber waste recycling rates continue to rise.The total daily waste collection volume considering four areas of the city (Fulbarigate, Khalishpur, Sheikhpara, and Zero Point) was found to be9.91tons. Its daily output is made up of metal (7.1tons), paper (2.2tons), and rubber (0.59tons). The substantial amount of these components in Khulnas waste composition emphasizes the significance of frequent collection and disposal.The current daily market value of this waste has been estimated to be BDT 4,36,879 in total. Each year, the income is close to BDT 160million.

Design of Syari'ah Resort in Barus, North Sumatera With a Religious Architecture Approach

Islamic architecture is a form of structural art that takes inspiration from the Qur'an, the Sunnah of the Prophet, the Prophet's Family, Companions, Scholars, and Muslim scholars, as well as the physical and metaphysical features of buildings. The concept of Islamic Architecture can maintain harmony between nature and local culture, and sustainable designs must be used, protecting the environment from the planning stage onwards. Barus, which is the entrance to the Islamic Archipelago Civilization, has the potential to be developed into a favorite destination for pilgrims. The beautiful environment around Barus is an added value for this area because the beaches are still beautiful, and the people still adhere to their local wisdom. The object of study is to explore and implement religious-oriented design for resort hotel. The method we use is qualitative explorative research by reviewing some relevant-theory and synthesizing concept. The study formed the design statement: Barus as the "Zero Point of the Spread of Archipelago Islamic Civilization," which will attract domestic and international visitors, boost the local economy, and provide jobs for the local community. It is necessary to include a bit of Mandailing Batak culture as the majority ethnic group in Barus. The main objective of this sharia resort design is to create sharia-oriented atmosphere through the use of religious architecture and upholding positive human relations. Mosques, galleries, viewing towers, separate swimming pools for men and women, and other facilities are available at this resort, which will make visitors' vacations keep connecting to from Islamic concepts.

Lysozyme–Mineral Clay Systems: Comparison of Interaction for Controlled Release in Feed Application

A synthetic approach to bond lysozyme (LY) to commercial natural carriers, namely clay minerals (bentonite, BN; and sepiolite, SP) and commercial zeolite (Phil 75®, PH), already in use in feed formulation, is proposed. The synthetic route, which implies solid–liquid adsorption, is a simple and effective way for preparing hybrid materials characterized by LY loadings up to 37 mgLY/gcarrier. By operating at pH 4.3, initial LY content of 37.5 mgLY/gcarrier, and reaction time of 90 min, hybrid materials with LY loadings of 37, 35, and 12 mgLY/gcarrier for LY-SP, LY-BN, and LY-PH, respectively were obtained. The LY initial concentration and pH, as well as the physico-chemical properties of the carries were found to be the parameters that govern the synthesis of the materials. The driving force for an effective LY adsorption and interaction is the combined Zero Point Charge (ZPC) of the carriers, always negative (in the range between −4 and −170 mV) and the positive ZPC of LY, as well as the carrier morphology, characterized by mesoporosity (pore dimensions in the range of 5–12 nm). However, it is the interaction of charges of opposite sign that mainly affects LY loadings and bond strength. Based on SEM-EDX analysis, LY molecules are quite homogeneously spread onto the carriers’ surface. TG-DTG analyses showed that the LY–carrier interaction in the hybrid materials is stronger than that in a simple mechanical mixture of the components. Specifically, in the hybrid materials, the phenomenon at 300 °C, associated to LY decomposition, is broadened and slightly shifted towards higher temperatures (320–350 °C), whereas in a mechanical mixture of the same composition, it occurs at temperatures closer to those of free LY, as if there were no or very weak interactions. At pH 3, a very little LY release, 0.03 and 0.01 mgLY/gcarrier, was found for LY-BN and LY-PH, respectively. The latter became larger at pH 7, 0.06 mgLY/gcarrier for both BN and PH carriers, suggesting that BN and PH are better modulators of LY release. The paper provides insights for the study and the development of new optimized feed formulations for the targeted delivery of natural compounds with antimicrobial activity, alternatives to antibiotics, and vaccinal antigens.

Potential risk quantification from multiple biological factors via the inverse problem algorithm as an artificial intelligence tool in clinical diagnosis.

The inverse problem algorithm (IPA) uses mathematical calculations to estimate the expectation value of a specific index according to patient risk factor groups. The contributions of particular risk factors or their cross-interactions can be evaluated and ranked by their importance. This paper quantified the potential risks from multiple biological factors by integrated case studies in clinical diagnosis via the IPA technique. Acting as artificial intelligence field component, this technique constructs a quantified expectation value from multiple patients' biological index series, e.g., the optimal trigger timing for CTA, a particular drug in blood concentration data, the risk for patients with clinical syndromes. Common biological indices such as age, body surface area, mean artery pressure, and others are treated as risk factors upon their normalization to the range from -1.0 to +1.0, with a non-dimensional zero point 0.0 corresponding to the average risk factor index. The patients' quantified indices are re-arranged into a large data matrix. Next, the inverse and column matrices of the compromised numerical solution are constructed. This paper discusses quasi-Newton and Rosenbrock analyses performed via the STATISTICA program to solve the above inverse problem, yielding the specific expectation value in the form of a multiple-term nonlinear semi-empirical equation. The extensive background, including six previous publications of these authors' team on IPA, was comprehensively re-addressed and scrutinized, focusing on limitations, stumbling blocks, and validity range of the IPA approach as applied to various tasks of preventive medicine. Other key contributions of this study are detailed estimations of the effect of risk factors' coupling/cross-interactions on the IPA computations and the convergence rate of the derived semi-empirical equation viz. the final constant term. The main findings and practical recommendations are considered useful for preventive medicine tasks concerning potential risks of patients with various clinical syndromes.

WHAT IS THE PERSPECTIVE OF MILLENNIAL TOURISTS ON THE REVITALIZATION OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN NEW IKN?

The election of East Kalimantan as the new capital city is an optimistic momentum for development stakeholders, especially the tourism industry. The analogy, one of the benchmarks in tourism excellence can be assessed from efforts to change the crisis of tourist confidence into collective certainty. This scientific work aims to detect the factors that influence tourist attractiveness in the new IKN. The core of tourist attraction is built through access to information, tourism facilities, value added tourism, tourism tariffs, and market orientation. The case revolves around six destination clusters based on four IKN tourism buffer zones: Archipelago Zero Point, Mentawir Tourism Village, Bangkirai Hill, Pampang Cultural Village, Tanah Merah Beach, and Balikpapan Botanical Garden. Interview data collection involved 438 millennial tourists from domestic and foreign countries. In principle, the linear regression method is applied to investigate the relationship between variables. As a result, facilities, added value, tariffs, and market orientation have a positive impact on tourist attractiveness. Other statistical outputs clarify that access to information actually has no effect on tourist attractiveness. This paper also providing holistic findings on tourism revitalization for the future agenda.

Dynamical singularity of the rate function for quench dynamics in finite-size quantum systems

The dynamical quantum phase transition is characterized by the emergence of nonanalytic behaviors in the rate function, corresponding to the occurrence of exact zero points of the Loschmidt echo in the thermodynamical limit. In general, exact zeros of the Loschmidt echo are not accessible in a finite-size quantum system except for some fine-tuned quench parameters. In this work, we study the realization of the dynamical singularity of the rate function for finite-size systems under the twist boundary condition, which can be introduced by applying a magnetic flux. By tuning the magnetic flux, we illustrate that exact zeros of the Loschmidt echo can be always achieved when the postquench parameter is across the underlying equilibrium phase transition point, and thus the rate function of a finite-size system is divergent at a series of critical times. We demonstrate our theoretical scheme by calculating the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and the Creutz model in detail and exhibit its applicability to more general cases. Our result unveils that the emergence of dynamical singularity in the rate function can be viewed as a signature for detecting dynamical quantum phase transition in finite-size systems. We also unveil that the critical times in our theoretical scheme are independent on the systems size, and thus it provides a convenient way to determine the critical times by tuning the magnetic flux to achieve the dynamical singularity of the rate function.

A novel method for calculating dislocation Green's functions and deformation in a transversely isotropic and layered elastic half-space

A novel and comprehensive method is proposed for calculating the dislocation Love numbers (DLNs), Green's functions (GFs), and the corresponding deformation in a transversely isotropic and layered elastic half-space. It is based on the newly introduced Fourier-Bessel series system of vector functions, along with the dual variable and position method. Two important features associated with this new system are: (1) it is much faster than the conventional cylindrical system of vector functions; (2) we can even pre-calculate the DLNs which are only possible in terms of this new system. This is due to the fact that the variables to be solved in the new system are functions of the simple discrete zero points of the Bessel functions, instead of the numerical integration of continuous Bessel functions between the neighboring zero points as in the conventional system. The introduced dual variable and position method is unconditionally stable as compared to the traditional propagator matrix method in dealing with layering. Exact asymptotic expressions of the DLNs for large wavenumber are further derived, which makes the Kummer's transformation applicable in accelerating the convergence of the corresponding GFs. For the reduced case of homogeneous and isotropic half-space, the present solutions amazingly reduce to the existing exact closed-form solutions. These new features are further seamlessly combined for calculating the deformation due to a finite dislocation (or a finite fault in geophysics) in the layered structure, which are demonstrated to be accurate and efficient.

Research and Development of Zero-Point Detector of Catheter and Its Clinical Application Effects

Patients in intensive care units often need to use various catheters to monitor their physiological conditions. The caregiver connected the invasive catheter and pressure transmission line to the physiological monitor. For the intensive and continuous monitoring of hemodynamic changes, the measured physiological data is used for medical judgment and treatment. However, in the current clinical situation, nurses do not have consistent horizontal calibration tools or equipment, and the reliability and accuracy of the data obtained by physiological monitors need to be confirmed. Different conduits need to be matched with the fixing seats provided by the original factory. When catheters of different specifications and types are used together, nurses need to use the fine movements of the hand knob to fix the seat to adjust or replace the fixed seat, which caused potential injuries to the hands. Based on creative ideas from clinical needs, an innovative device was developed. Its fixed base template combined the three major features of “adjustable fixed frame”, “laser light source calibrator” and “electric track”. The fixed base was suitable for catheters of different specifications. The laser light source was used to accurately align the pressure converter vent with the zero point marked outside the patient’s body. The electric track was used to move the fixed base up and down during horizontal calibration. Therefore, it was named “Comprehensive Catheter Zero Point Detector”. The product was tested in clinical trials and information on the relevant application effectiveness was collected. The innovatively developed product was used in three intensive care units. Nearly 90% of nurses believed that the “all-around catheter zero-point detector” achieved accurate measurement and reduced operating errors. Not only did it provide patients with better and more precise care, but the satisfaction of nurses operating the equipment was also greatly improved.: This developed device allowed for the convenience of using measurement tools and precise horizontal positioning. Visual errors between operators were reduced and the accuracy of measurement values was effectively improved.

Analytical study of Bragg resonances by a finite periodic array of congruent trapezoidal bars or trenches on a sloping seabed

For water waves propagating over a finite periodic array of congruent trapezoidal bars on a sloping seabed or trenches dug on a sloping seabed, an analytical solution in terms of Taylor series to the modified mild-slope equation (MMSE) is constructed. Based on the analytical solution, influences of various topographic parameters (e.g., the slope of seabed, bar/trench number, bar height or trench depth, and bar/trench width) on the peak value, peak phase and zero reflection of Bragg resonances are investigated. Especially, starting from the original definition of Bragg resonances, a modified Bragg's law for characterizing the excitation condition of the nth order Bragg resonance is derived, which shows that the excitation of Bragg resonances depends entirely on the average phase velocity of the water wave within the bar/trench field. When the influence of the bar/trench field on the average phase velocity is quite small, the modified Bragg's law degenerates into the traditional Bragg’s law borrowed from X-ray crystallography, which also reflects the essential difference between the water wave as a mechanical wave and the non-mechanical X-ray wave. In addition, for N bars/trenches on a flat seabed, there are at least N−1 zero reflections between any two adjacent Bragg resonance peaks. When the bars are very low or the trenches are very shallow, the phase of the N−1 zero reflections in those zero reflections is exactly the position of the N−1 zero points of the Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind, UN−1(cosk0d), where k0 is the wavenumber on the flat seabed and d is the bar/trench spacing. However, once a sloping seabed is added, all these N−1 zero reflections disappear possibly due to the destruction of the symmetry of the background bar/trench field. Finally, regardless of the number of bars/trenches, when the bar/trench width varies, the peak value of the nth order Bragg resonance oscillates periodically, leading to n local maxima. A comparative study shows that these characteristics are consistent with the band structure shown in the Bloch periodic gap map (PGM).

Net zero and the unexplored politics of residual emissions

In this perspective article, we call for more engagement with the unexplored politics of residual emissions. Residual emissions are those emissions that remain at the point of net zero, despite abatement efforts. Unlike carbon dioxide removal, which has been the focus of a lively research and policy debate, the notion of residual emissions remains relatively unexplored so far. With the mainstreaming of net zero as the long-term goal of climate policy, the politics of residual emissions are set to become a key point of contestation. Claims about residual emissions tend to revolve around notions of necessity and possibility, i.e. emissions that derive from activities deemed socially necessary yet impossible to fully abate. In this perspective article, we highlight how such claims are socially constructed and ultimately contingent on values, norms and interests. We call upon researchers to help render visible the geographically and historically contingent claims to necessity and possibility that underpin projected residual emissions. We see this as an important means to repoliticize debates about the limits and possibilities of emissions abatement, and suggest entry points for such research efforts.

Topology of equatorial timelike circular orbits around stationary black holes

A topological approach has been successfully used to study the properties of the light ring and the null circular orbit, in a generic black hole background. However, for the equatorial timelike circular orbit, quite different from the light ring case, its radius is closely dependent of the energy and angular momentum of a test particle. This fact seems to restrict the extension of the topological treatment to the timelike circular orbit. In this paper, we confirm that the angular momentum does not affect the asymptotic behavior of the constructed vector with its zero points denoting the equatorial timelike circular orbits. As a result, a well-behaved topology to characterize the equatorial timelike circular orbits can be constructed. Our study shows that the total topological number of the timelike circular orbits vanishes for a generic black hole, which is dependent of the energy of the particle. Significantly, it reveals that if there the timelike circular orbits exist, they always come in pairs for fixed angular momentum. Meanwhile, the stable and unstable timelike circular orbits have positive or negative winding number. Of particular interest is that the marginally stable circular orbit corresponds to the bifurcation point of the zero point of the constructed vector. Moreover, we also examine the case when the particle energy acts as the control parameter. It is shown that there will be topological phase transition when the value of the particle energy is one. Below this value, the timelike circular orbits always come in pairs for fixed energy. Otherwise, we will have one more unstable timelike circular orbit. We further apply the treatment to the Kerr black hole. All the results given in a generic black hole background are exactly reproduced. These strongly indicate that our topological approach can be generalized to the equatorial timelike circular orbits.

HARPS-N high spectral resolution observations of Cepheids

Context. The Baade-Wesselink (BW) method of distance determination of Cepheids is used to calibrate the distance scale. Various versions of this method are mainly based on interferometry and/or the surface-brightness color relation (SBCR). Aims. We quantify the impact of the SBCR, its slope, and its zero point on the projection factor. This quantity is used to convert the pulsation velocity into the radial velocity in the BW method. We also study the impact of extinction and of a potential circumstellar environment on the projection factor. Methods. We analyzed HARPS-N spectra of η Aql to derive its radial velocity curve using different methods. We then applied the inverse BW method using various SBCRs in the literature in order to derive the BW projection factor. Results. We find that the choice of the SBCR is critical: a scatter of about 8% is found in the projection factor for different SBCRs in the literature. The uncertainty on the coefficients of the SBCR affects the statistical precision of the projection factor only little (1–2%). Confirming previous studies, we find that the method with which the radial velocity curve is derived is also critical, with a potential difference on the projection factor of 9%. An increase of 0.1 in E(B − V) translates into a decrease in the projection factor of 3%. A 0.1 mag effect of a circumstellar envelope (CSE) in the visible domain is rather small on the projection factor, about 1.5%. However, we find that a 0.1 mag infrared excess in the K band due to a CSE can increase the projection factor by about 6%. Conclusions. The impact of the surface-brightness color relation on the BW projection factor is found to be critical. Efforts should be devoted in the future to improve the SBCR of Cepheids empirically, but also theoretically, taking their CSE into account as well.

Cepheid metallicity in the Leavitt law (C-MetaLL) survey – III. Simultaneous derivation of theGaiaparallax offset and period–luminosity–metallicity coefficients

ABSTRACTClassical Cepheids (DCEPs) are the most important standard candles in the extra-galactic distance scale thanks to the period–luminosity ($\rm PL$), period–luminosity–colour ($\rm PLC$), and period–Wesenheit ($\rm PW$) relations that hold for these objects. The advent of the Gaia mission, and in particular the Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), provided accurate parallaxes to calibrate these relations. In order to fully exploit Gaia measurements, the zero point (ZP) of Gaia parallaxes should be determined with an accuracy of a few $\rm \mu as$. The individual ZP corrections provided by the Gaia team depend on the magnitude and the position on the sky of the target. In this paper, we use an implicit method that relies on the Cepheid $\rm PL$ and $\rm PW$ relations to evaluate the ensemble Gaia parallax zero point. The best inferred estimation of the offset value needed to additionally correct (after the Gaia team correction) the Gaia parallaxes of the present DCEP sample amounts to $\rm -22\pm 4\, \mu as$. This value is in agreement with the most recent literature values and confirms that the correction proposed by the Gaia team overcorrected the parallaxes. As a further application of our results, we derive an estimate of the Large Magellanic Cloud distance ($\rm \mu _0=18.49\pm 0.06\, mag$) in very good agreement with the currently accepted value obtained through geometric methods.

Representation of Female Characters in the Novel "Women at Point Zero" by Nawal EL Saadawi using the Sara Mills Perspective Approach

This study aims to describe the representation of female characters in the novel Woman at Zero Point by Nawal El Saadawi in terms of the subject-object position and in terms of the reader's position using the Sara Mills perspective approach. This research is qualitative with a qualitative descriptive method. The data source is the novel Woman at Zero Point by Nawal El Saadawi. The research results are as follows. First, the position of the female character as the subject describes the female character who is considered to have committed a rebellion in the form of resistance against men through physical violence. Second, in the position of the character as an object, the female character suffers injustice throughout her life from childhood to adulthood, causing her to fall into the valley of humiliation. Third, in the reader's position, female characters are described as experiencing injustice in the form of stereotypes, prostitution, and violence.

Using parity to accelerate Hermite function computations: Zeros of truncated Hermite series, Gaussian quadrature and Clenshaw summation

Although Hermite functions have been studied for over a century and have been useful for analytical and numerical solutions in a myriad of areas, the theory of Hermite functions has gaps. This article is a unified treatment of all the operations—quadrature, summation, differentiation, and rootfinding—that can be accelerated by exploiting parity. Any function u(y) can be decomposed into its parts that are symmetric and antisymmetric with respect to the origin. Suppose that the quadrature on y∈[−∞,∞] is symmetric in the sense that if yj is a quadrature abscissa with weight wj, then −yj is also a quadrature point with weight wj. The number of multiplications is halved by evaluating the quadrature as ∫−∞∞u(y)dy≈w0u(0)+∑n=1Mwnu(yn)+u(−yn). Parity is equally useful in computing the zeros, maxima and minima of a truncated Hermite series of degree N for the important special cases that the series terms are all either symmetric or antisymmetric. The zeros and critical points are the eigenvalues of a companion matrix whose dimension is N/2 instead of N. In addition, for Hermite functions, we show that parity exploitation halves the dimension of the Jacobi matrix (a special case of the companion matrix) whose eigenvalues are the abcissas of Hermite–Gauss quadrature. The number of floating point operations for the recursion for the weights can likewise be halved. Lastly, the same is true for Chenshaw summation of a Hermite series.

The effect of auricular acupressure on short-term postoperative pain intensity after cesarean section: A three-arm randomized controlled trial

: Pain control after a cesarean section remains a challenge for healthcare professionals and both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment methods can be used to reduce this pain. The present study evaluated the effect of auricular acupressure (applied using the finger) combined with routine care on the short-term pain severity compared to sham acupressure or routine care alone. : A randomized controlled clinical trial with three parallel groups was conducted between April and May 2021. Participants were pregnant women aged 18-35 years, of gestational age 37-40 weeks who underwent cesarean section according to the anesthesia protocol provided in Imam Ali Hospital, Amol, Mazandaran, Iran. Using the balanced blocks randomization method, participants were randomly allocated into three study groups. Participants (N=180) were randomly assigned to either routine care with auricular acupressure (n=60), routine care with sham control (n=61), or routine care only (n=59). The intervention (auricular acupressure) was performed by a trained nurse three times (three, five, and seven hours after surgery) on ear acupoints including Shen Men, Point Zero, Pelvic, abdomen, Endocrine, and Uterus points, in both ears. The primary outcome was pain severity assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at eight time points (i.e., before the intervention, and then 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the intervention, and 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after the intervention). Patients and outcome assessors were blind. : The pain intensity in the three groups was not significantly different until 6 hours after the intervention. The level of pain in the intervention group receiving auricular acupressure was significantly lower than the sham group at 6 hours (MD: -1.06 [95% CI: -1.83; -0.30]), 12 hours (MD: -1.24 [95% CI: -1.96; -0.52]), and 24 hours (MD: -1.21 [95% CI: -1.96; -0.47]) after the intervention. Also, the pain intensity in the intervention group was significantly lower than the control group at 6 hours (MD: -0.80 [95% CI: -1.53; -0.08]), 12 hours (MD: -0.98 [95% CI: -1.67; -0.30]) and 24 hours (MD: -1.00 [95% CI: -1.70; -0.29]) after the intervention. Moreover, no adverse outcomes were observed related to auricular acupressure. : Auricular acupressure might be an effective adjuvant complementary treatment for post-operative cesarean pain in controlling pain and reducing the need for analgesics with no adverse effect. : Registered prospectively in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (Decree code: IRCT20130822014436N1). : Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.

ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLUTIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS ACCORDING TO GIVEN SEQUENCES OF ZEROS AND CRITICAL POINTS

A part of the theory of differential equations in the complex plane $\mathbb C$ is the study of their solutions. To obtain them sometimes researchers can use local expand of solution in the integer degrees of an independent variable. In more difficult cases received local expand in fractional degrees of an independent variable, on so-called Newton - Poiseux series. A row of mathematicians for integration of linear differential equations applied a method of so-called generalized degree series, where meets irrational, in general real degree of an independent variable. One of the directions of the theory of differential equations in the complex plane $\mathbb C$ is the construction a function $f$ according given sequence of zeros or poles, zeros of the derivative $f'$ and then find a differential equation for which this function be solution. Some authors studied sequences of zeros of solutions of the linear differential equation \begin{equation*} f''+Af=0, \end{equation*} where $A$ is entire or analytic function in a disk ${\rm \{ z:|z| < 1\} }$. In addition to the case when the above-mentioned differential equation has the non-trivial solution with given zero-sequences it is possible for consideration the case, when this equation has a solution with a given sequence of zeros (poles) and critical points. In this article we consider the question when the above-mentioned differential equation has the non-trivial solution $f$ such that $f^{1/\alpha}$, $\alpha \in {\mathbb R}\backslash \{ 0;-1\} $ is meromorphic function without zeros with poles in given sequence and the derivative of solution $f'$ has zeros in other given sequence, where $A$ is meromorphic function. Let's note, that representation of function by Weierstrass canonical product is the basic element for researches in the theory of the entire functions. Further we consider the question about construction of entire solution $f$ of the differential equation \begin{equation*} f^{(n)} +Af^{m} =0, \quad n,m\in {\mathbb N}, \end{equation*} where $A$ is meromorphic function such that $f$ has zeros in given sequence and the derivative of solution $f'$ has zeros in other given sequence.

The Return To The Zero Point of The Firm Model

The Return To The Zero Point of The Firm Model