Zero Hunger Research Articles

Food and Revolution: Fighting Hunger in Nicaragua, 1960–1993

Food and Revolution: Fighting Hunger in Nicaragua, 1960–1993

Correlation Between The Nutrient Status And The Toddler Growth Of 3 And 4 Years Old In Rau Primary Health Center, Serang City In 2019

Background: In the prevalence of Under-nutrition (Underweigth) the improvement occurred successively from 2013 amounted to 19.6%, up to 17.7% 2018. Despite the decline, the decline recorded was judged to be still insignificant. The World Health Organization (WHO) sets a prevalence limit of 20 percent for malnutrition. In fact, 'closing down' cases of malnutrition has been recorded as one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) second point 'zero hunger' in 2030. Indonesia along with other United Nations countries are committed to ending all forms of malnutrition, including reaching the world target by 2025. In the age of 3 and 4 years old, the optimal of nutrition status and children growth is the result of growth and development which has passed the critical period well and vice versa. Since the first thousand days of life, Children with the fulfilled or unfulfilled of provided nutrition can be assessed for their possible impacts on their development in 3 and 4 years old. Methodology: This type of research is quantitative research, with a non-experimental design using the study approach of cross sectional. The samples of this research were the majority of toddlers of 3 and 4 years old who were selected 64 toddlers be the samples. The inclusion criteria are toddlers aged 3 and 4 years in the Rau Puskesmas and at the time of data distribution. Then, Analysis data used the logistic regression test. Results: Through Univariate analysis found that the majority of respondents had poor nutritional status (57.8%), had low education (67.2%), with low income (56.3%) and lack of food consumption (54.7%). So that most of the development of the toddler is distorted (62.5%). Bivariate analysis, it has been found that all variables have the correlation each one, the toddler nutrition status (p-value 0.000), the level of parent education (p-value 0.000), the parent income (p-value 0.000), and the food consumption (p-value 0.004) towards the toddler development in 3 and 4 years old. Whereas for multivariate analysis, it has been found that the income variable is the dominant variable in the toddler growth in 3 and 4 years old, with the largest OR at 23.401. Conclusion: The majority of respondents have the low nutrition status, the low level of education, the equal of low and high rate of incomes, and the less of nutritious food consumption. Thereby, the most of toddler development is distorted. There is the significant correlation among the toddler nutrition status, the level of parent education, the parent income, and the food consumption against the toddler development in 3 and 4 years old. The most dominant variable of toddler growth in 3 and 4 years old is toddler nutrition status.Suggestion: In the future, may Rau Primary Health Centre in Serang city can often provide counselling to every parent regarding of the nutrition and health programs and more concern to promote the health about the growth and development of toddlers. Keywords: Toddler growth in 3 and 4 years old, toddler nutrition status, parent education level, parent income level, and food consumption

Fighting Zero Hunger Amidst The Pandemic

One of the goals of the International Human Rights Movement Philippines is to help the Pastoral Care for Children at St. Anthony of Padua Parish, Subic, Zambales, Philippines in sustaining and fighting zero hunger because the majority of the residents of Matain, Subic, Zambales was greatly affected by the global pandemic, some of them lost their jobs and others lost their business income. The Project was conducted last February 27, 2022 in celebration of the Birthday of the Founding Chairman of IHRM, Dr. Rana Basharat, and the Ambassador at Large / Country Director of the IHRM Philippines in sponsoring the Feeding Program in support to the United Nations SDG 2 Zero Hunger, the said event was also participated by the Honorable Mayor Jonathan John Khonghun, Mayor of Subic, Zambales, Philippines The Researchers would like to cite that there is a need to address the issues on malnourishment and hunger in collaboration with the Government in attaining the Sustainability and Development.

How the Nitrogen Economy of a Perennial Cereal-Legume Intercrop Affects Productivity: Can Synchrony Be Achieved?

The UN's Sustainable Development goal of Zero Hunger encompasses a holistic set of targets that range from ending hunger by 2030, to increasing environmental sustainability and resilience of food production. Securing and managing soil nutrients remains one of the most basic challenges to growing adequate food while simultaneously protecting biodiversity and the integrity of ecosystems. To achieve these objectives, it is increasingly clear that the management of ecological processes will need to supplant reliance on non-renewable and environmentally damaging inputs. In recent years, progress has been made in developing perennial grain crops that show promise to improve on a range of ecological functions such as efficient nitrogen cycling and soil carbon accretion that tend to be well-developed in natural ecosystems but become compromised following land conversion to row crop agriculture. Here we report on a multi-faceted, 5-year experiment in which intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) (Thinopyrum intermedium), a perennial relative of wheat that is bred to produce the grain Kernza®, was intercropped in alternating rows with the perennial legume alfalfa (Medicago sativa). The performance of the unfertilized intercrop was compared to monocropped IWG treatments, with and without urea-N applications, planted at two row densities such that the intercrop could be interpreted as either an addition or substitution design. Comparisons of relative IWG yields (RYs) in the intercrop with unfertilized monocrops suggest net competitive interactions between alfalfa and IWG in the establishment year, followed by increasing degrees of facilitation over the next 4 years. Evidence from N fertilizer responsiveness, SPAD readings, net N mineralization assays, and N balance calculations suggest that alfalfa contributed to an aggrading pool of soil organic nitrogen over the course of the experiment. Comparisons of grain RYs of intercropped IWG and fertilized IWG monocultures suggest N-limitation in the first half of the experiment, and N sufficiency in the second half. Grain yields in the intercrop did not decline significantly over 5 years in contrast to all IWG monocrop treatments that did significantly decline. This study contributes to a growing literature on approaches to ecological nutrient management that incorporate diversity and perenniality to increase food security and resilience.

Exploring the Impact of Planned Relocation on Agricultural Income Generation in Sri Lanka

The recent global acknowledgement of the importance of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in steering the world towards sustainable development can be discerned in the Sendai Framework for DRR 2015-2030 and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Ironically, certain DRR strategies like planned relocation have often undermined agricultural production, which is paramount for achieving certain Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as ‘Zero Poverty’ and ‘Zero Hunger’. This paper explores the impact of planned relocation on the agricultural income generating activities of rural communities relocated under a landslide induced relocation program executed in the Y district of Sri Lanka. Further, it discusses the extent to which the outcomes of said relocation program comply with the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Agenda, thereby informing future policy directions towards planning, designing and executing DRR measures aimed at sustainable development. This study drew on a survey administered among 435 households who have been resettled under said project. The data was analyzed using the descriptive statistical method interactively with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the MS Excel software. The findings of this study show that relocation has generated unfavorable outcomes for relocatees who depended on agriculture as primary or subsidiary source of income. This group of relocatees was also characterized by pre-existing vulnerabilities, rendering it difficult for them to adapt to the risks and stresses caused by relocation. Agricultural income generating activities are particularly threatened by relocation initiatives, as such activities are reliant on immovable assets like land. Therefore, special attention should be paid to rebuilding livelihoods of agricultural communities in planning, designing and implementing relocation programs. Given the significance of agriculture in achieving certain SDGs, failure to do so will lend to dissonance between DRR measures and the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, subduing the efficacy of DRR in protecting development gains.

Sustainable Development Goals Disclosure Practices through Integrated Reporting: An Empirical analysis on European Financial Institutions

The goal of the study is to investigate the state of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) disclosure in European financial institutions’ Integrated Reports. As a research approach, manual content analysis was adopted. The study developed a disclosure index as a research tool comprised of the 17 SDGs. The empirical analysis shows that the most disclosed goals were SDG13 (Climate Action), where all the reports disclosed the measures taken by the companies to achieve this goal, followed by SDG7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), as 10 reports disclosed detailed information on this goal. Also, the results provide evidence that SDG2 (Zero Hunger), SDG14 (Life Below Water), SDG15 (Life on Land), and SDG16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) came in the last place, respectively. Practically, the study encourages companies in all sectors to adopt the SDGs in their integrated strategy to create better value for stakeholders.

Towards the Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger: What Role Do Institutions Play?

Empirical research has aimed to substantiate the institution–food security nexus. However, institutional literature has largely overlooked the relationship between institutions and the sustainable development goal of zero hunger (SDG2). SDG2 is a multidimensional goal that extends beyond food security and requires comprehensive investigation. Therefore, this study explored the role of institutions in promoting SDG2 achievement using a panel dataset spanning 108 countries from 2000 to 2019. The institutional impact was evaluated using worldwide governance indicators, and the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG)’s political risk ratings. Simultaneous equation modeling was used as the estimation technique. According to the results, institutions showed a positive and highly significant association with SDG2 performance. All the dimensions of good governance promoted SDG2 performance. Except for maintaining law and order, all other dimensions of political risk indicators were found to improve SDG2 performance. This study also discovered significant evidence that voice and accountability, as well as the settlement and the prevention of conflicts, had the most substantial influences on SDG2 achievement. In developing countries, improving both the quality of governance and political stability had a comparatively higher impact on SDG2 performance than in developed countries. Furthermore, institutions showed a significant mediating impact on SDG2 performance via agricultural productivity and economic growth. Based on these findings, this study concluded that the pursuit of good governance and inclusive institutions could be instrumental in achieving SDG2.

Food security and small holder farming in Pacific Island countries and territories: A scoping review

UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2: Zero Hunger links ending hunger to achieving food security, improving nutrition, and promoting sustainable agriculture. The Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs) is a region where such linkages can be investigated as the PICTs are confronting climate change while facing a decrease in available arable land and increasing rates of urbanisation. Around 80% of all Pacific Islanders still rely on agricultural produce from their own gardens or from small holder farmers to support or to supplement their diets. The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) has declared the years 2019–2028 to be the Decade of Family Farming. Food imports are increasingly common in PICTs, and can provide cheap, although not particularly nutritious foods, leading to generalised health problems. Increased reliance on imports is itself an indicator of diminishing food security, and with the PICTs facing a range of food security challenges, it is timely to assess the existing literature in the PICTs on the relationship between smallholder farming and food security. This scoping review analyses 49 peer reviewed and grey literature studies in English from 1970–2019 concerning the relationship between food security and small holder farming in the PICTs. It identifies four main themes: (1) Community adaptation, resilience and crop diversification; (2) Decreased availability of local foods and land; (3) Changes in diet; (4) Gender and agricultural production. The review shows Pacific peoples quickly adapt to changing circumstances to plant different crops both for food and for sale, and it identifies the role of small holder agriculture as crucial to: (1) growing local foods to support food security, and (2) expanding domestic asset creation to promote economic development, especially for women.

Progress of Genomics-Driven Approaches for Sustaining Underutilized Legume Crops in the Post-Genomic Era.

Legume crops, belonging to the Fabaceae family, are of immense importance for sustaining global food security. Many legumes are profitable crops for smallholder farmers due to their unique ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen and their intrinsic ability to thrive on marginal land with minimum inputs and low cultivation costs. Recent progress in genomics shows promise for future genetic gains in major grain legumes. Still it remains limited in minor legumes/underutilized legumes, including adzuki bean, cluster bean, horse gram, lathyrus, red clover, urd bean, and winged bean. In the last decade, unprecedented progress in completing genome assemblies of various legume crops and resequencing efforts of large germplasm collections has helped to identify the underlying gene(s) for various traits of breeding importance for enhancing genetic gain and contributing to developing climate-resilient cultivars. This review discusses the progress of genomic resource development, including genome-wide molecular markers, key breakthroughs in genome sequencing, genetic linkage maps, and trait mapping for facilitating yield improvement in underutilized legumes. We focus on 1) the progress in genomic-assisted breeding, 2) the role of whole-genome resequencing, pangenomes for underpinning the novel genomic variants underlying trait gene(s), 3) how adaptive traits of wild underutilized legumes could be harnessed to develop climate-resilient cultivars, 4) the progress and status of functional genomics resources, deciphering the underlying trait candidate genes with putative function in underutilized legumes 5) and prospects of novel breeding technologies, such as speed breeding, genomic selection, and genome editing. We conclude the review by discussing the scope for genomic resources developed in underutilized legumes to enhance their production and play a critical role in achieving the “zero hunger” sustainable development goal by 2030 set by the United Nations.

Groundwater recharge assessment and long-term simulation for managing the threat of salinization of irrigated lands

The advancement of irrigated agriculture is indispensable to satisfy the growing food demands of the world's prospering population. It is also essential for accomplishing many UN SDGs (United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals) such as SDG1 (No Poverty), SDG2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG15 (Life on Land). Without proper management, however, irrigation advancement can cause twin hydrological problems, i.e., rising aquifer levels and salinization in irrigated areas. Currently, more than a fifth of the total worldwide irrigated region is adversely affected by these problems. Furthermore, whenever left unaddressed, these problems could spread to more than half of the irrigated lands worldwide by 2050. To evaluate the aforesaid issues in an irrigated region of India, this study first developed a water balance model to assess the long-term groundwater recharge which would help to understand the system dynamics of the problems. Then, after analyzing the results, a simulation model was set up for the study region considering local agro-hydro-climatic and soil conditions. The approach used is the first of its kind in the selected study region and it will offer a better comprehension of the dynamics of the processes that guide the system imbalances. The presented approach is novel and easy to follow and it can also be replicated in other parts of the world dealing with comparative issues. The model’s performance was evaluated statistically before being applied. The models performed very well as evidenced by high R-squared values and model efficiency, and low ME and RMSE values. The groundwater recharge analysis revealed that the aquifer levels have been rising for the last two decades and they will continue to rise if no preventive measures are implemented. The simulated scenarios showed that under the base case alternative the aquifer levels will increase at a mean yearly rate of 0.08 m. Hence, apt management plans such as altered cropping pattern, conjunctive water use, and canal lining are recommended. The most favorable scenario divulged that even a little alteration of two to six percent in different inputs would contain the region safe from the problems mentioned above.

A Bibliometric Study of Soft Systems Methodology, 2001 – 2021

The main objective of this study is to conduct a bibliometric study of soft systems methodology for community research analysis of twenty years (2001 – 2021) of trends in Soft Systems Methodology for community research topics. The literature was extracted and analyzed using the Web of Science database. VOSViewer software was used to identify and visualize key trends, influential authors, and journals. The 157 filtered documents were selected based on three main criteria which are (i) Topics on Soft Systems Methodology or Soft System Methodology and community, (ii) Type of documents on ‘Article’, and (iii) Year Published within 2001 to 2021. We conducted several types of analyses on the body of research using VOSViewer which are (i) Co-authorship analysis, (ii) Co-occurrence analysis, (iii) Citation analysis, and (iv) Co-citation analysis. The main contribution and motivation for this study are in the form of a conceptual framework of Soft Systems Methodology for community research topics in guiding future research and projects in supporting relevant five UN Sustainable Development Goals agenda on (i) ‘Quality Education’, (ii) ‘Sustainable Cities and Communities, (iii) ‘No poverty’, (iv) ‘Good Health and Well-Being and (v) ‘Zero Hunger’. There are five major keyword clusters concerning Soft Systems Methodology and community research (2001 – 2021), that we had determined based on the theme clusters which are (i) ‘Methodology’ oriented-keywords, (ii) ‘Community’ oriented-keywords, (iii) ‘Future’ oriented-keywords, (iv) ‘sustainable development’ oriented-keywords on, and (v) ‘Systems’ oriented-keywords themes.

Nanobionics in Crop Production: An Emerging Approach to Modulate Plant Functionalities.

The “Zero Hunger” goal is one of the key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations. Therefore, improvements in crop production have always been a prime objective to meet the demands of an ever-growing population. In the last decade, studies have acknowledged the role of photosynthesis augmentation and enhancing nutrient use efficiency (NUE) in improving crop production. Recently, the applications of nanobionics in crop production have given hope with their lucrative properties to interact with the biological system. Nanobionics have significantly been effective in modulating the photosynthesis capacity of plants. It is documented that nanobionics could assist plants by acting as an artificial photosynthetic system to improve photosynthetic capacity, electron transfer in the photosystems, and pigment content, and enhance the absorption of light across the UV-visible spectrum. Smart nanocarriers, such as nanobionics, are capable of delivering the active ingredient nanocarrier upon receiving external stimuli. This can markedly improve NUE, reduce wastage, and improve cost effectiveness. Thus, this review emphasizes the application of nanobionics for improving crop yield by the two above-mentioned approaches. Major concerns and future prospects associated with the use of nanobionics are also deliberated concisely.

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Cultivated Land Quality Integrated with Multi-Source Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China

Scientifically revealing the spatiotemporal patterns of cultivated land quality (CLQ) is crucial for increasing food production and achieving United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 2: Zero Hunger. Although studies on the evaluation of CLQ have been conducted, an effective evaluation system that is suitable for the macro-regional scale has not yet been developed. In this study, we first defined the CLQ from four aspects: soil fertility, natural conditions, construction level, and cultivated land productivity. Then, eight indicators were selected by integrating multi-source remote sensing data to create a new CLQ evaluation system. We assessed the spatiotemporal patterns of CLQ in Guangzhou, China, from 2010 to 2018. In addition, we identified the main factors affecting the improvement of CLQ. The results showed that the CLQ continuously improved in Guangzhou from 2010 to 2018. The area of high-quality cultivated land increased by 13.7%, which was mainly distributed in the traditional agricultural areas in the northern and eastern regions of Guangzhou. The areas of medium- and low-quality cultivated land decreased by 8.1% and 5.6%, respectively, which were scattered throughout the whole study area. The soil fertility and high productivity capacity were the main obstacle factors that affected the improvement of CLQ. Simultaneously, the obstacle degree of stable productivity capacity gradually increased during the study period. Therefore, the targeted improvement measures could be put forward by applying biofertilizers, strengthening crop management and constructing well-facilitated farmland. The new CLQ evaluation system we proposed is particularly practical at the macro-regional scale, and the results provided targeted guidance for decision makers to improve CLQ and promote food security.

Introduction: Hunger and Waste.

Introduction:Hunger and Waste Isabelle Meuret (bio) Hunger is a physiological disposition, a quotidian preoccupation, and a metaphor for desire. On another scale, global hunger—leading to malnutrition and starvation—affects hundreds of millions living in poverty-stricken, famine-devastated, and war-ravaged areas.1 As for waste, the dearth, careless use, or squandering of resources, together with climate change and other environmental challenges, have raised new concerns about food supplies and unequal access. The Covid crisis has aggravated such situations, pushing further away a now unattainable "Zero Hunger" horizon initially planned for 2030 by world agencies.2 Food banks have reappeared during the pandemic in otherwise wealthy countries, with many struggling to provide for their families. Official reports show that the dire combination of the three Cs—Covid, conflict, climate—is resulting in soaring death tolls attributable to hunger.3 Writing from the heart of Europe, where, terrifyingly, another outrageous conflict is raging, with anguished and famished people on the roads, I, like others, inevitably got distracted from academic matters. Compiling this volume, however, is not a vain effort. Hopefully, it is an invitation to ponder the fateful circumstances and consequences of war, imprisonment, oppression, and deprivation—of which hunger and waste derive, not just in the West, but across continents, where populations are forcibly displaced or unjustly targeted. Refugees, exiled, disadvantaged, and marginalized, are particularly vulnerable to hunger. Those in affluent societies deemed destitute or negligible are wasting away in what philosopher Achille Mbembe calls death-worlds.4 Pushed against the wall of their existences, "disposable" people are sacrificed so that others may live and thrive. In No Friend but the Mountains, Kurdish-Iranian journalist Behrouz Boochani provides a damning account of his imprisonment on Manus Island, a detention center set up by the Australian government where [End Page 29] asylum-seekers are left to rot. "Starvation is such a powerful force. It pervades everything," he observes while at sea, fleeing his homeland, "[b]lacking out from hunger . . . famished . . . dazed with hunger."5 Hunger is torture, not just during his frightening odyssey, but also at the compound, where it is used to control the inmates. Hunger annihilates him physically and mentally. A desperate soul, he feels and sees his "whole body as a skeleton . . . left wandering," nearing madness:6 Trying to understand the conditions of micro-control and macro-control /Trying to understand the perpetual flux of everything /Trying to avoid tipping over the edge /Trying to avoid tipping into insanity.7 Boochani's writing is a testament to the ordeals endured by him and his companions in misfortune. His is the voice of the "living-dead" resisting oblivion, fighting for recognition.8 While not self-imposed hunger, Boochani's predicament is enlightened by Maud Ellmann's demonstration, in The Hunger Artists, that there exists "a complicity between the themes of hunger, writing, and imprisonment."9 Hunger strikers strive to deliver a message and convey meaning to the destructive process of oppressive regimes. Said differently, "the wordless testimony of the famished flesh" acquires signification only once a "statement" vindicates self-starvation.10 Emaciation is mesmerizing; it awaits an explanation, hopefully an action. Starvation calls for a literal and legal sentence; it summons a reckoning. Vanishing bodies produce texts to shake us out of our indifference. By the same token, Boochani, a food-deprived detainee, smuggled his words out of an offshore processing facility using clandestine mobile phones, to disclose hidden secrets and inconvenient truths. "Being so hungry, completely starving, one loses sight," Boochani confesses.11 Conversely, his dazzling prose and poetry documents his incarceration and opens our eyes to crimes against humanity. Likewise, albeit in a different context, harrowing dispatches are now reaching us from Europe's breadbasket, under siege. Through the monitoring of cross-border assistance that brings food and medicines to the besieged, voices erupt: "Are Ukrainians so dispensable to the rest of the world?"12 Waste means refuse, garbage, filth. A whole literature is devoted to waste as a planetary emergency.13 Environmental degradation wrecks bodies in need of urgent biomedical responses. The waste paradigm extends from trash to recycling, from litter to resources. Noxious garbage in overflowing landfills sickens neighboring residents, affecting [End Page...

91. Toward a sustainable humankind

Introduction: The size of the human population and its perpetual growth exacerbates a variety of environmental, healthcare, political, economic and social problems, from climate change, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation to water scarcity, pandemic emergence, forced migration and widespread conflict. It is also a major obstacle to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals like (1) No poverty, (2) Zero hunger, (3) Good health and well-being. Bringing human population to sustainable numbers is a must in order to achieve sustainable development that supports humanity’s continued existence on this planet.

Ungoverned Spaces and Alternative Sovereignties in Nigeria: Terror Groups, National Security and Sustainable Development

Nigeria is currently battling with threats that are potent enough to undermine its existence as a sovereign polity. These terrors are coming mostly from groups occupying and controlling diverse ungoverned spaces that littered the country’s landscape. From Boko Haram insurgents, Bandits, herdsmen to ethnic militias; these groups are becoming laws unto themselves and creating spheres of influence and jurisdictions due to government and state apparatus absence. This article examines the conditions that created ungoverned spaces, the activities of diverse groups inhabiting them and the implications on national security and sustainable development. The article adopts qualitative method and relies on secondary data sourced from newspapers, government documents, internet resources and extant scholarly works. The article findings reveal that achievement of the sustainable development goals 1-No Poverty, 2- Zero Hunger, 3-Good Health and Well-being, 4-Quality Education, 6-Clean Water and Sanitation, 8- The interrelatedness of the Sustainable Development Goals and 16- Peace, Justice and Strong Institution are seriously hindered as far as the atmosphere and conditions for peaceful co-existence becomes elusive as various groups continue to contest sovereignty with the Nigerian state. Conclusively therefore, it is recommended that a sustainable national security strategy to ensure peace and reduce conflicts through government presence in the various ungoverned spaces must be pursued.

Collaboration between Indonesia and WFP in East Nusa Tenggara on the Issue of Food Security

This research aims to describe the Collaboration between Indonesia and WFP in the field of food security and achieving SDGs No. 2, Zero Hunger, based on the problem of food security in Indonesia. Seeing some of the problems faced by Indonesia such as the difficulty in meeting food needs, the high rate of population growth, climate change, the ability of food production and Indonesia's dependence on imported products, are the core of this collaboration. WFP wants to help Indonesia to establish food by implementing its programs in Indonesia. One of the objects of program implementation carried out by WFP in Indonesia is the province of NTT as an example of a province that is vulnerable and food insecure. This research uses qualitative research methods and is supported by the theory of international Collaboration, Sustainable Development and Food Security.

Road to The Red Carpet of Edible Crickets through Integration into the Human Food Chain with Biofunctions and Sustainability: A Review.

The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) estimates that more than 500 million people, especially in Asia and Africa, are suffering from malnutrition. Recently, livestock farming has increased to supply high-quality protein, with consequent impact on the global environment. Alternative food sources with high nutritive values that can substitute livestock demands are urgently required. Recently, edible crickets have been promoted by the FAO to ameliorate the food crisis. In this review, the distribution, nutritive values, health-promoting properties (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity), safety, allergenicity as well as the potential hazards and risks for human consumption are summarized. Cricket farming may help to realize the United Nations sustainable development goal No. 2 Zero Hunger. The sustainability of cricket farming is also discussed in comparison with other livestock. The findings imply that edible crickets are safe for daily intake as a healthy alternative diet due to their high protein content and health-promoting properties. Appropriate use of edible crickets in the food and nutraceutical industries represents a global business potential. However, people who are allergic to shellfish should pay attention on cricket allergy. Thus, the objective of this review was to present in-depth and up-to-date information on edible crickets to advocate and enhance public perception of cricket-based food.

Subhash palekar natural farming - scope, efficacy and critics

By 2050, India is expected to surpass China as the world's most populated country, with a population of almost 1.7 billion people. To feed this exponentially increasing population, the country must pursue a policy of vertical productivity growth, as the possibilities for additional horizontal expansion of cultivated land are rapidly diminishing. Furthermore, continual cropping depletes soil nutrient resources, necessitating the replenishment of soils with critical major and minor plant nutrients. The country cannot compromise with nutritional supply in order to end "Silent Hunger" and the immoral perpetuation of high concentrations of increasing number of malnourished children and anaemic moms. While the country is intending to restructure its agricultural production system, including R&D, to meet the needs of rising problems, the 2018-19 economic survey established a strong case for the widespread adoption of ‘Zero Budget Natural Farming' (ZBNF) to double farmers' revenue. As a result, crop productivity will remain low, and farmers will not be able to earn enough to double their income and get out of debt with this level of output. Also at the country level, we will not be able to meet the expanding populations food and nutritional demands and hence will fail to meet the sustainable goals of “Zero Hunger and Poverty Elimination” by 2030. Thus, with zero budget natural farming practices we can feed to the India and world, our emphasis is too elaborate all aspects.

Food (in)security and (un)healthy diet on the (difficult) road to zero hunger: Celebrating the World Food Day

The worldwide prevalence of undernourishment and food insecurity has been steadily increasing in recent years, despite the United Nations’ Zero Hunger target by 2030. At the same time, unhealthy diets represent a major cause of diet-related non-communicable diseases. This contributes to the global increase in overweight and obesity, the Janus of malnutrition. Major drivers of food insecurity are economic slowdowns and downturns (further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic), conflict and food crisis, poverty and inequality, and climate-related natural disasters. In this scenario, transformation of food systems will be pivotal to address these drivers of food insecurity, malnutrition, and unaffordability of healthy diets. Keywords: prevalence of undernourishment, malnutrition, Sustainable Development Goals, food systems, overweight, obesity, non-communicable diseases