Zeiss Light Microscope Research Articles

Changes of basic hematological parameters in patients with generalized periodontitis depending on the blood group

Summary. General clinical blood test is widely used as one of the most important methods of examination in most diseases. The cellular composition of the blood of a healthy person is fairly constant, so various changes occurring in diseases may have important diagnostic value.
 The aim of the study – to analyze changes in the main hematological parameters in patients with generalized periodontitis associated with blood group.
 Materials and Methods. The studies were conducted in the clinic of Ternopil State Medical University and Ternopil Regional Blood Transfusion Station. 855 males aged 20–55 years were examined, who were divided into 2 groups: the main group consisted of 570 patients with generalized periodontitis of I – III severity. Complete blood count was determined using an automatic hematology analyzer “Sysmex KH - 21”. The morphological study of blood cells was performed using a Zeiss light microscope using a unified method. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was determined using a Panchenkov unified micromethod.
 Results and Discussion. It was found that in patients with generalized periodontitis, a significant decrease in blood was determined: the number of red blood cells (by 17.53 %) and their volume (by 13.40 %), p <0.01. At the same time, hemoglobin decreased by 25.59 %, hematocrit – by 32.18 % against an increase in ESR by 2.7 times, p <0.01, relative to the corresponding data in the comparison group without periodontal pathology. At the same time, it was found that in patients with generalized periodontitis the number of leukocytes increased (by 52.87 %), neutrophils (by 25.47 %), p <0.01, stab (by 39.48%), segmented (by 18.32 %) leukocytes, p<0.05, relative to the corresponding parameters in the comparison group. At the same time, in patients with generalized periodontitis, the leukocyte index of intoxication was 2.9 times higher than in the examined group of comparison. It should be noted that in patients with generalized periodontitis, depending on the group membership of the blood, the dynamics of the values of the parameters studied was similar to the average, differed depending on the group membership, between the digital tannins.
 Conclusions. Our studies allowed us to obtain a block of new data revealing the biological variability of the cellular and molecular composition of blood, to identify features associated with blood group in patients with generalized periodontitis.

Late Messinian palynoflora from Central Anatolian Plateau (Çankırı Basin) [abstract

ABSTRACT Within the framework of the Marie Curie FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN program, the ALErT project targets on tectonic and climatic boundary conditions in the regions along the densely populated in the Central Anatolian Plateau and the associated with natural hazards. The Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP) extends in a wide area in between zone the Aegean extensional zone and Bitlis /Zagros compressional zone. The Cankiri Basin was opened in Late Cretaceous between the Kirsehir block in the south and Sakarya continents in the north in central Anatolia. During the Neo-Tethys closure, the history of the basin became a large intermontane basin which covered with continental sedimentary environments (Kazanci et al., 1999). During the Late Miocene, there were different types of lacustrine environments in between the northern and southern parts. Age evidence of the Cankiri Basin has been obtained from the European mammalian faunal zones, because of the fact that Sr analysis results has not be significant to interpreted age (Mazzini 2015) and based on this, the late Messinian age Bozkir Formation and the Plio – Quaternary Degim Formation have seasonally dominant aridity. To figure out the paleoenvironmental and palaeoclimate changes in Cankiri Basin were analyzed Biotic (Paynology) and abiotic proxy data (geochemical, δ18O - δ13C isotopes analyses and CaCO3). Fifteen samples from Hancili Formation, Tuglu Suleymanli crossing border, Bozkir Formation and Degim Formation were collected from claystone, dark silty clay, gypsum and breccia with silty gypsum layers in the Cankiri Basin. The samples were treated standard palynological procedures described by Cour (1974). For pollen step all samples, residues, and slides are stored in Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia. Pollen grains for each sample were accounted 150 pollen grains, without Pinus in the Cankiri Basin. Pollen identification was performed under a Zeiss light microscope, and under a Quanta FEG250 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) used for high resolution imaging of pollen grains in Institute of Electrical Engineering Slovak Academy of Sciences. The pollen diagram was prepared with Tilia*Graph (2.0) (http://www.chrono.qub.ac.uk/datah/tilia.html). According to Mosbrugger and Utescher (1997); coexistence approach derived quantative paleoclimate parameters. To explain the ecological characteristic, we used version of the Past 3.x- the Past of the Future free software scientific statistical data analysis program (http://folk.uio.no/ohammer/past/). Head map was prepared with this program for four formations. Palynological data by evaluating head map, the uplift during the Late Messinian in Cankiri Basin has been confirmed. To illustrate for those vegetational composition, we applied Xact 8 for the graphic presentation. According to Traverse (1978) developed Steppe-Forest Index using a ratio of appropriate species of pollen, that save as a climatic indicator (warm to cold) on the other hand interpretation of aridity we follow Cour & Duzer (1978). As a consequence, the Poaceae/total Asteraceae ratio in a pollen diagram can be used as a climate index used Poaceae /Asteraceae ratio to find out dry to wet zones lines (Popescu, 2006) and it was calculated based on palynological results (using cluster analysis) show four climate cycles with three dry periods. Based on those calculations we confirmed long term cooling trend during Late Messinian to Plio-Pleistocene in Cankiri Basin. In most pollen spectra are mainly presented by Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae, and Poaceae and by trees with Pinus, Cathaya , and Fagus. The group of herbs is important in the pollen sum and mainly consist of Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae, which document open grassland type of vegetation with warm – temperate climate.

Morphological Identification of Malaria Vectors within <i>Anopheles</i> species at Hadejia and Jahun

This study was carried out between May and October, 2011 to morphologically identify Anopheles species in parts of Jigawa State. Using Anopheles characteristics as described by Gilles and Coetzee (1987) using Zeiss light microscope at x 20. A total of 3027 Anopheles were collected and identified. 3027 (78.40%) were collected from Hadejia Local Government Area while 834 (21.60%) were collected from Jahun Local Government Area. Using Anopheles characters of Gilles and Coetzee (1987) under zeiss light microscope, 2605 (67.47%) were Anopheles gambiae s.l., 907 (23.49%) were Anopheles funestus and 349 (09.04%) were Anopheles maculipalpis. Hadejia Local Government Area had the higher number of Anopheles identified. An. gambiae s.l. ranked the highest among other species. Further molecular identification of sub-species complex of An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus is strongly recommended in the area.Keywords: Morphological, malaria, vectors, Anopheles, species.

Focus on lasers and imaging

Focus on lasers and imaging

Morphological Identification of Malaria Vectors within <i>Anopheles</i> Species in Parts of Kano State, Nigeria

This study was carried out between May and October, 2010 to morphologically identify Anopheles species in parts of Kano State. A total of 2374 Anopheles were collected and identified. 1782 (75.07%) were collected from Nassarawa Local Government Area while 592 (24.93%) were collected from Tarauni Local Government Area. Using Anopheles characters of Gilles and Coetzee (1987) under zeiss light microscope, 587 (24.75%) were Anopheles funestus, 1535 (64. 65%) were gambiae s.l. and 252 (10.60%) were An. maculipalpis. Nasssarawa Local Government had the higher of Anopheles identified. Anopheles gambiae s.l. ranked the highest among other species. Further molecular identification of sub-species complex of An. gambiae s.l and An. funestus is strongly recommended in the area.Keywords: Identification, malaria, vectors, anopheles, species.

Phytolith morphology research on wild and domesticated rice species in East Asia

Systematical descriptions of phytoliths from rice species in East Asia are scarce. In order to investigate the relationship among diversity of phytolith morphology, taxonomy and genome, comparative research on phytolith morphology of the wild and domesticated rice species is first performed on the basis of statistics and cluster analysis. All morphological parameters were measured at 500× magnification using a Zeiss light microscope. 3-D plots and cluster analysis are performed by SPSS 10.0 software. The leaves and inflorescences of domesticated and wild rice contain a great diversity of phytolith types including long cells, short cells, bulliform cells, hair cells, irregular epidermal cells, mesophyll and vascular tissues. Comparative research on phytolith morphology demonstrates that most overlap occurs among long cells, short cells, bulliform cells, hair cells and vascular tissues at the species level. Rondels, crosses, long cells, hair cells, parallepipedal bulliform cells, tracheid and vascular tissue exhibit no taxonomical value. Complex saddles and irregular epidermal phytoliths might be diagnostic to the rice species that had not been described before. Further comparative research on the morphological features of three phytolith types from the wild and domesticated rice species has confirmed that double-peaked glume cells measurements can separate domesticated Oryza species from wild ones successfully. Hierarchical cluster analysis on all morphological parameters of bilobates, cuneiform bulliform cells and double-peaked glume cells strongly demonstrates that phytolith assemblage appears to be under genetic control and therefore reflect taxonomical significance. The results are significant for plant physiology, rice cultivation and environmental archaeology.

Short-term effects of zoledronate on the histomorphology of osteoclast in young albino rats

The present study was conducted to histomorphometrically evaluate the effects of short-term administration of zoledronate, a third generation bisphosphonate, on the metaphysis of the proximal end of tibia in twenty day old male albino rats. Zoledronate (2.8 μg/kg body weight), was daily given subcutaneously for eleven days. The animals were sacrificed; tibiae were dissected out and decalcified in EDTA. Seven micron thick, serial longitudinal paraffin sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined under a Zeiss light microscope and Image Pro-Express Analyzer. In zoledronate treated rats, a significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of osteoclasts was observed both in the regions of primary spongiosa (zoledronate treated: 6.41 ± 0.30/mm(2), control: 2.90 ± 0.28/mm(2)) and secondary spongiosa (zoledronate treated: 49.58 ± 0.84/mm(2), control: 31.81 ± 2.02/mm(2)) along with a significant increase (p<0.05) in the length of the metaphyseal region as compared to the control group. The number of nuclei per osteoclast and area of the osteoclast also showed a significant increase (p<0.001; p<0.05 respectively) following the uptake of zoledronate. The findings in the present study, suggest that the osteoclasts are the primary sites of action of zoledronate resulting in decreased osteoclastic activity, which would account for the great increase in the number and size of inactive osteoclasts resulting in marked cancellous bone formation.

Morphology and ecology of Thalassiosira Cleve (Bacillariophyta) species rarely recorded in Brazilian coastal waters

The detailed description of rarely recorded Thalassiosira species in Brazil is presented with light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) illustrations. A total of 78 phytoplankton net samples (20 microm) collected between the years 2000 and 2006 in coastal waters of southern Brazilian, Cassino Beach and the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos, were studied in cleaned material using the Axiovert Zeiss LM and Jeol 6060 SEM. Water temperature and salinity of samples and six species are presented: Thalassiosira endoseriata, T. hendeyi, T. lundiana, T. minuscula, T. oceanica and T. wongii. Two species, Thalassiosira hendeyi and T. endoseriata were the most common being observed in all seasons at Cassino Beach in a wide temperature range (10-26 masculineC), while only sporadically in the estuary of Lagoa dos Patos. Thalassiosira endoseriata, T. lundiana, T. oceanica and T. wongii are for the first time reported in Brazilian coastal waters. The latter two species, rarely recorded in the world, are fully illustrated based on Brazilian material.

TH-C-L100J-09: Noninvasive Evaluation of Early Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation Via [11C]-PK11195 Based PET Imaging

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of using -PK11195-based PET imaging to study radiation-induced pulmonary inflammation in vivo and to validate the molecular imaging results by histology. Method and Materials: Female adult C57BL/6J mice were used. The lower portion of the right mouse lung (RLL) was locally irradiated with a 5mm-diameter customized collimator in a gamma-ray irradiator. Radiographic imaging was employed for irradiation collimation alignment. The radiation doses were measured using Gafchromic EBT film. The irradiated mouse was imaged at 7 days after local irradiation. PET imaging was performed in a dedicated small animal PET scanner. Each mouse received 0.3 mCi of -PK11195 via injection through the tail vein. A dynamic imaging protocol was used for each scan with a total duration of 30 minutes. Raw images were reconstructed and analyzed by 3D OSEM. Immediately after imaging, the mouse was euthanized and the lung was inflated and fixed in 10% formalin for 48 hours before paraffin embedding. 5 μm thick slices were cut for hematoxylin & eosin staining and histological images were acquired with a Zeiss light microscope. Results: The average dose in the locally irradiated lung region was 19.2Gy, while the total body dose was 3.9 Gy due to gamma ray leakage through the collimator. Tomographic slices in coronal and transaxial sections of the mouse lung showed significant PK11195 accumulation in RLL, while the other regions remained normal. Histologic images from different lung portions demonstrated that only RLL showed significant infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, which agrees with the noninvasive imaging data. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the noninvasive evaluation of early radiation-induced pulmonary injury in a mouse model. Since -PK11195 is approved for clinical use, this technique may see potential applications in monitoring early molecular events of radiation-induced pulmonary injury and assessing the efficacy of new treatment strategies.

Pathophysiologic Implications of Reduced Podocyte Number in a Rat Model of Progressive Glomerular Injury

Changes in podocyte number or density have been suggested to play an important role in renal disease progression. Here, we investigated the temporal relationship between glomerular podocyte number and development of proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in the male Munich Wistar Fromter (MWF) rat. We also assessed whether changes in podocyte number affect podocyte function and focused specifically on the slit diaphragm-associated protein nephrin. Age-matched Wistar rats were used as controls. Estimation of podocyte number per glomerulus was determined by digital morphometry of WT1-positive cells. MWF rats developed moderate hypertension, massive proteinuria, and glomerulosclerosis with age. Glomerular hypertrophy was already observed at 10 weeks of age and progressively increased thereafter. By contrast, mean podocyte number per glomerulus was lower than normal in young animals and further decreased with time. As a consequence, the capillary tuft volume per podocyte was more than threefold increased in older rats. Electron microscopy showed important changes in podocyte structure of MWF rats, with expansion of podocyte bodies surrounding glomerular filtration membrane. Glomerular nephrin expression was markedly altered in MWF rats and inversely correlated with both podocyte loss and proteinuria. Our findings suggest that reduction in podocyte number is an important determinant of podocyte dysfunction and progressive impairment of the glomerular permselectivity that lead to the development of massive proteinuria and ultimately to renal scarring.

Cytological and Nomenclatural Notes on the Mesoamerican Species of Aciotis (Melastomataceae)

A review of the Mesoamerican species of Aciotis is presented to facilitate the transfer of Spennera alata, an earlier name for the largely Central American species heretofore known as A. levyana. Original chromosome counts of n = 30 are reported for two species, A. alata and A. rostellata, together with brief descriptions, distributional notes, and a regional key to the three Mesoamerican species. Based on a preliminary evaluation of reported chromosome counts, x = 10 appears to be the probable base chromosome number of Aciotis. Aciotis is one of about 30 capsular-fruited genera of the tribe Melastomeae (incl. Tibouchineae) restricted to the Neotropics. This natural genus of herbs and subshrubs is readily distinguished by its small 4-merous flowers borne in terminal panicles, terete hypanthia, eight unappendaged stamens, bilocular ovary, and reniform-cochleate seeds with a foveolate or costate-foveolate testa. Because macromorphological differences among the approximately 30 recognized species (Mathies, 1981) are not always as sharp or as consistent as those encountered in other neotropical genera of the tribe, Aciotis has the reputation of being a taxonomically difficult genus (Wurdack, 1973). Recently, Mathies (1981) contributed to an evaluation of species limits, but the genus is still in need of a thorough field-oriented revisionary study. Despite taxonomic difficulties, identity of the three described species of Aciotis from the Mesoamerican region has not been a major source of confusion. However, examination of type specimens and verification of the identity of taxonomic synonyms pertinent to a treatment of the genus for Flora Mesoamericana has brought to light the need for a new combination that has heretofore been overlooked. Spennera alata, therefore, is transferred here to Aciotis and a synopsis of the three Mesoamerican species is provided together with a key, original meiotic chromosome counts for two of the taxa, and a discussion of the probable base chromosome number of the genus. CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF ACIOTIS Gametic chromosome numbers are reported here for two populations each of A. alata and A. rostellata. Meiosis was regular with n = 30 in all cells examined from each of these populations. Bud material for these counts was collected from natural populations in the field, fixed in modified Carnoy's solution (4 chloroform, 3 ethanol, 1 glacial acetic acid, v/v/v) for 24 hours, transferred to 70% ethanol, and stored under refrigeration. All counts were made using a Zeiss light microscope with phase contrast and a 100x oil immersion objective. Drawings of meiotic figures were made with camera lucida at a magnification of 2100x. Voucher collections for each of the counts reported here are as follows: Aciotis alata (Beurling) Almeda. n = 30 (Figs. 1, 2). Costa Rica. Lim6n: Forest Reserve at Agricultural College of the Humid Tropical Region ca. 11 km NE of the Guapiles/Lim6n Hwy. at a point 20 km SE of Guapiles, 250 m, 11 Feb. 1992, Almeda et al. 6953 (CAS, CR). Panama. Panami: Cerro Jefe, along summit road and along trail into the Chagres valley, 900 m, 19 Feb. 1988, Almeda et al. 5836 (CAS, PMA). Aciotis rostellata (Naudin) Triana. n = 30 (Figs. 3, 4). Panama. Cocl6: beyond La Mesa on road to the base of Cerro Gaital, 900-1100 m, 23 Feb. 1988, Almeda et al. 5884A (CAS, PMA). Panama. Cocl6: slopes above El Cop6 along abandoned trail to Continental Divide, 700-850 m, 24 Jan. 1989, Almeda et al. 6379 (CAS, PMA). The chromosome count of n = 30 reported here for two Panamanian populations of A. rostellata confirms an identical report for a Costa Rican population of this species by Solt and Wurdack (1980). This same gametic number, which is also reported here for Costa Rican and Panamanian populations of A. alata, is a new number for this species. Solt and Wurdack (1980) reported 2n = 24 for this species (as A. levyana) from Costa Rican seedling maNovoN 7: 333-337. 1997. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.147 on Fri, 20 May 2016 07:56:51 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms

Pilocosta (Melastomataceae) Revisited: A New Species, Polyploidy, and the Base Chromosome Number of the Genus

A synoptic review of Pilocosta is presented to facilitate identification and comparison of a new species, P. nubicola, which is described and illustrated. An original chromosome count of n = 11 is reported for this species, together with updated geographic and taxonomic notes and a revised key to the five known species in the genus. Based on an evaluation of recorded chromosome counts, x = 11 is established as the base chromosome number of Pilocosta. Pilocosta, one of about 25 genera in the traditionally recognized tribe Tibouchineae, is characterized by its quadrate hypanthia and four-merous flowers that are solitary, axillary, and ebracteate. In the paper proposing Pilocosta as a new genus, Almeda & Whiffin (1981: 310) emphasized the distinctiveness of two collections from Costa Rica's Cordillera de Tilaran that appeared to be related to P. erythrophylla. My subsequent fieldwork has yielded additional material of this rare and littlecollected Pilocosta. Analysis of this material and a study of meiotic chromosomes now provide compelling evidence for formal recognition of this entity as a new species described here as P. nubicola. To facilitate identification and comparison, it is presented in the context of a brief synopsis with a revised key to the five known species of Pilocosta, a discussion of the base chromosome number of the genus, and updated taxonomic and geographic notes. THE BASE CHROMOSOME NUMBER OF PILOCOSTA The gametic chromosome number is reported here for P. nubicola. Meiosis was regular with 11 bivalents at diakinesis in all cells examined (Fig. 1A, B). Bud material for this count was collected from a atural population in the field, fixed in modified Carnoy's (Bradley, 1948) solution (4 chloroform, 3 e hanol, 1 glacial acetic acid, v/v/v/), and stored under refrigeration. Counts were made using a Zeiss light microscope with phase contrast and a 100x oil immersion objective. Drawings of meiotic figures were made with camera lucida at a magnification of 2100 x . The type collection is the voucher for this

The evolution of science at the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

NIH had its beginnings in a humble one-room hygienic laboratory on Staten Island 100 years ago. That laboratory was equipped with a modern Zeiss light microscope imported from Germany. The laboratory's primary function was to inspect cargo and persons coming into the United States from abroad for contagious disease. In 1912, Congress changed the name of the organization that ran the laboratory from the Public Health and Marine Hospital Service to the Public Health Service. The change expanded the PHS role to include the diseases of man, pollution of navigable streams, sanitation, and sewage. Before there was an EPA and an NIEHS, pollution issues were handled by a variety of Public Health Service entities. In June 1958 the BayneJones report recommended to Congress the establishment of an agency specifically oriented toward the conduct of biomedical research into the effects of environmental agents on human health. Afterwards, a coalition of social forces moved irrevocably toward the creation of a national center devoted to studying the effects environmental hazards on human health. These forces included increased public awareness of air and water pollution; the disastrous effects of thalidomide in Europe; the destruction of bird and aquatic life by pesticides; the inevitable Congressional desire to do something about the pollution problem; and the eagerness of the academic community to get into and explore a new and exciting, socially desirable field of research. In November 1961, Dr. Paul Gross, professor of chemistry at Duke University, issued a similar call for creation of an institutional focus for environmental health research. The call was then taken up by a Study Group of the Public Health Service, which recommended an increased public role in environmental health research, a central laboratory. By 1962, the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council endorsed the idea, extending the concept even further to include university involvement. This is today a reality in the form of NIEHS's 15 Environmental Health Centers at universities. A short time later, in 1966, the