Zaporozhye Region Research Articles

THE INFLUENCE OF THE LEVEL OF TRAINING OF PRIMARY WORKERS ON THE QUALITY OF PREVENTIVE WORK (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM)

One of the main resources of the health care system is medical staff, the quantity and quality of which is the key to ensuring the availability, quality and efficiency of medical care, even with 100% provision of medical equipment.
 The purpose of the study: analysis of the impact of the level of training of primary care physicians on the prevention of diseases of the circulatory system on the quality of medical care for adults (on the example of Zaporozhye region).
 Material and methods. An analysis of the health of the adult population of Zaporozhye region in connection with diseases of the circulatory system, the use of medical equipment in accordance with the standards of medical care for patients with circulatory diseases and to stratify their risk, adherence to a healthy lifestyle by adults.
 Results. The results of the survey showed low activity of health workers in preventive work among the adult population, which is confirmed not only by their insufficient use of material and technical equipment in accordance with the standards of medical care for patients with circulatory system diseases and for stratification of their risk. 10-20 minutes (82.2 ± 3.72%), 17.2 ± 7.01% of the adult population we surveyed consulted their family doctor for prevention, and the leading source of information for knowledge about a healthy lifestyle in the population is Internet (62.1 ± 9.01% of respondents).
 Insufficient preventive work by health workers among the adult population on the prevention of diseases of the circulatory system is due to lack of theoretical knowledge and imperfection of practical skills, which requires constant improvement.
 Conclusions. Based on the results of the study, gaps in the knowledge of health professionals were identified, on the basis of which a one-day training program on the prevention of diseases of the circulatory system was developed, which proved to be effective.

Вроджена цитомегаловірусна інфекція: передумови для розвитку; клінічний випадок; труднощі лікування

Congenital CMV is the leading cause of congenital infections in newborns worldwide and can lead to significant morbidity, mortality, or long-term consequences. Purpose — to demonstrate the results of screening for cytomegalovirus infection of pregnant women and children in the first months of life and illustrate a clinical case of severe congenital CMV and the difficulties in selecting specific therapy. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of CMV testing of 302 pregnant women at living in the Zaporozhye region. The presence of CMV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) antibodies was assessed. In addition, the clinical manifestations of CMV in 56 infants were retrospectively evaluated. A clinical case of congenital CMV in a newborn complicated by hepatitis, nephritis, carditis, pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, was presented. Statistical processing of the results was carried out by the methods of variation statistics. Results. The result of a study of a specific immunological profile for CMV in pregnant women showed that the majority of women of fertile age, residents of Zaporozhye region were seropositive to CMV. In 3% of pregnant women, CMV-specific IgM antibodies was recorded in the blood, which indicates the manifestation of an acute form of CMV and the possibility of infection of the fetus. Prolonged neonatal jaundice was the dominant clinical symptom of congenital CMV in 59.3% patients. The syndrome of perinatal CNS lesion was the second most frequent in these children. In order to illustrate the features of the course, the difficulties of diagnosis and the selection of specific therapy for severe forms of congenital CMV, a clinical case of the corresponding disease was presented. Conclusions. Most women of fertile age are immune to CMV, and 5% of pregnant women have acute primary CMV infection. CMV is the most common cause of congenital infection with substantial morbidity, mortality, and long$term squeal, including sensorineural hearing loss for newborns. Diagnosis of congenital CMV is complicated by both the polysyndromic manifestations of the disease and the lack of a clear system for testing pregnant women and newborns for CMV. The presence of alertness of neonatologists and pediatricians for CMV is a guarantee of timely diagnosis of the disease in newborns. Difficulties in the selection of specific therapy to congenital CMV due to the low sensitivity of the pathogen to acyclovir and the need to use a toxic drug — ganciclovir. Timely administration of highly specific anti-CMV-therapy not only saves the patient's life, but also improve hearing and developmental outcomes. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of these Institutes. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: congenital cytomegalovirus infection, newborns, severe forms, diagnostics, manifestations, treatment.

Trends of development of hotel and restaurant economy of Zaporizhzya region in the context of strategy formation

The article substantiates the need to study trends in the hotel and restaurant industry of the Zaporozhye region in the context of strategy formation. Today, the domestic hospitality industry is developing rapidly, especially in large industrial and financial centers of the country. But the significance of this segment for the domestic economy is much lower than in developed countries. It is noted that the efficiency of the hotel and restaurant industry depends on many external and internal factors that have a broad impact on the further development of the hospitality industry. The hotel and restaurant business is actively developing, finding new quality features and new impulses of its development, but in recent years a number of unresolved issues have accumulated. An analysis of the economic situation and trends in the hotel and restaurant industry of the region on the basis of statistical data of the Main Department of Statistics of Zaporozhye region and the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. The dynamics of the number of accommodation facilities in the Zaporozhye region is studied. As a result, the following trends were identified: the number of hotel establishments in 2019 decreased significantly, due to numerous inspections and non-compliance of hotels with the European level, which led to fierce competition between the hotel industry. The offers of tourist services of Zaporizhia region for 2017-2019 are analyzed. The capacity utilization rate in 2019 is lower than in 2017-2018. This indicates not quite uneven filling of seats by seasons and the creation of a significant number of reserve seats in case of seasonal increase number of guests. It is noted that the largest number of hotels and restaurants in the region falls on Berdyansk, Melitopol districts and the city of Zaporozhye. This is due to the fact that Berdyansk and Melitopol districts are the main recreational and resort complexes in the region with the largest tourist flows. The analysis of the dynamics of the number of restaurants for 2017-2019 in the Zaporozhye region and the dynamics of restaurants in the cities of regional importance of the Zaporozhye region. It is noted that in recent years there has been a steady reduction in the network of restaurants owned by legal entities. This is due to the growing number of enterprises owned by individual entrepreneurs, as well as the closure of canteens at industrial and other facilities. Regarding the solution of problems of development of hotel economy of the Zaporozhye area it is offered to provide a number of strategic tasks. The perspective directions of development in the sphere of restaurant business in the region are generalized. There will be trends: national cuisines, companies offering craft dishes, the implementation of a healthy diet, cooking in the presence of the customer, from farm products, cooking low-calorie meals, using low-temperature modes and opening restaurants in casual format, a kind of factories and markets.

Hazardous phenomena in the slides zone of the Ukrainian section in Azov sea

Formulation of the problem. According long- term data analyses under the slides zone in Ukrainian part of the Azov sea sustainable processes had been marked. Landslides are most active in autumn and spring. The activation of landslides occurs under the influence of man-made and natural factors. The most significant factor is coastal abrasion. Review of previous publications. It was established that the air temperature and precipitation, the temperature and salinity of sea waters and the hydrometeorological regime of the coastal zone and the water balance of the Black and Azov seas as well depends on climatic changes. The rising of the sea level has intensified over the past decades. These changes found a response in the coastal zone that reacted to them and acquired corresponding trends. Purpose is to determine the reasons for the formation of dynamically unstable sectors and the possibility of protecting the shores on the Ukrainian coast in the Azov Sea, the subject is landslide processes, as the result of the abrasion of the shores, the object is the variability of the natural and anthropogenic conditions of the Ukrainian coast of the Azov Sea in the area of interaction between the sea and land. Methods. Analyses of images space and temporal dynamic of Earth remote sensing satellites by DigitalGlobe, USGS LandLook and Sentinel were used and also retrospective long term of hydrometeorological data and standard statistical methods. Results. The places (areas) with pronounced coastal dynamic processes on the Ukrainian coast of the Azov Sea were identified, that require special attention: two in the Kherson region, five in the Zaporozhye region and four in Donetsk. In the coastal zone of the Azov Sea the rate of abrasion from 1 to 4 m per year (in exceptional cases up to 15 m per year) was marked. In a period of significant level rises, the flooding of ports, berths, the destruction of hydraulic engineering structures, storage facilities, and residential buildings is possible. Also, during the period of the significant decreasing of the sea level, the already limited depth of the approach channels decreases again, that disrupts the operation of the fleet. Conclusions. Investigations of the current state of the Ukrainian coastal zone of the Azov Sea, that is significant importance for the sustainable the economy development, the recreational region’s potential and the social level of the population. It has been established that in the eastern regions of the Azov coast of Ukraine there are a deficit of sediments and a high degree of variability of the abrasion form of the coastal-sea relief is noted, and an excess of sediments are formed in the western and northwestern regions.

Inclusive educational environment in Zaporizhzhia region: results of pilot project implementation

Social work in inclusive education is to create conditions for the educational process in which a child with a disability can acquire basic knowledge, skills, social interaction and feedback skills, receive psychological, socio-educational and, if necessary, legal support to meeting their needs. The role of the social worker in the school is leading and undisputed. But modernity requires constant improvement of skills and advanced training. The purpose of the social worker at school is to create a special environment among children. The feedback of a social worker is to overcome fears and prejudices, promote friendships, mutual respect and understanding among students, and improve the cognitive, motor, speech, social, and emotional development of children. The most pressing issue of today’s education system is inclusive education for children with disabilities in a single educational space. Each country has its own experience of special education for children and has gone through a different path from integration to inclusion. Today, in modern Ukraine, the education system is being transformed, the model of inclusive education is gaining wide significance and a new pattern of its development. Attempts to form an inclusive education system have not yet yielded significant results, which is manifested in the constant division of children into «normal majority» and «backward minority». In Ukraine, children with disabilities have long been isolated from their peers. Boarding schools or individual learning provide knowledge, but take away the opportunity to communicate, hinder the socialization of such pupils. This article provides a brief analysis of the pilot project, in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Education and Science dated 15.07.2016 № 836 «On conducting a scientific and pedagogical experiment «Development of an inclusive environment in the Zaporozhye region». Building an effective system of inclusive education in Ukraine is possible on the basis of the interaction of various factors, first of all, strengthening the financing of education, improving its regulatory support, improving the methodological and staffing of inclusive education. The results of the work can be used in further research on this problem.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT OF PRIMARY CARE FACILITIES ON THE PREVENTION OF DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The aim: Of the work is analysis of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the external and internal environment in primary care facilities for the implementation of preventive measures of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Materials and methods: An analysis of the work of primary health care facilities for the prevention of CVDs, which included external and internal audit, such as analysis of the regulatory framework, human resources, logistics provision, questionnaire of adult population of Zaporozhye region on awareness of factors risk of diseases of the circulatory system and a healthy lifestyle. Results: Thanks to the adoption of a number of regulations, timely management decisions, it was possible to achieve 100% provision of medical equipment necessary for theprevention of CVDs, but low staff capacity of doctors with their unsatisfactory level of knowledge about the main CVDs risk factors. instability, pose a serious threat to the further stable development of primary health care and their prevention. Conclusions: Significant progress had been made in the implementation of preventive measures for CVDs. Against the background of many existing problems.

Retrospective analysis of antipsychotic prescription models in correlation with symptoms of residual schizophrenia. Part 1

Relevance. The therapeutic models of antipsychotic prescription in residual schizophrenia in highly dependent on various context factors, major – relevant treatment guidelines, local drug legal and registration status, local availability etc. and minor – psychiatrist personal experience, patients individual response and comorbid pathology profile etc. therefore it’s almost impossible to track down links between specific treatment model, possible NIDS manifestations or protective antipsychotic effects on negative symptoms in real clinical environment. Nevertheless finding the correlations between specific antipsychotic prescriptions and residual schizophrenia symptoms could highlight possible influence of some antipsychotics on specific symptoms in long term perspective.Aim – to evaluate correlations between antipsychotic prescription models and negative symptoms profile in patients with residual schizophrenia.Materials and methods. A study was performed on 60 case histories of patients of Zaporozhye Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital who were treated as inpatients with diagnosis of recurrent schizophrenia (ICD-10:F20.5) in time period from 2010 to 2020.Results. In the first section of a study we gathered clinical data on intensity of main positive and negative recurrent schizophrenia symptoms using as a clinical tools PSS and NSS subscales of PANSS. On the second section our study reveled pool of most common prescribed antipsychotics which are: chlorpromazine, haloperidol, trifluoperazine, clozapine, levomepromazine, chlorprothixene, quetiapine, risperidone, thioridazine, fluphenazine, amisulpride, zuclopenthixol and their various combinations. The third study section was dedicated to analysis of correlations between particular PSS and NSS categories and antipsychotic course experience.Conclusions. Study have found frequency and correlations of most common antipsychotic prescribed in inpatients with residual schizophrenia in time period between 2010 and 2020. The most frequently chlorpromazine, haloperidol, trifluoperazine, clozapine, chlorprothixene, risperidone and zuclopenthixol and its combinations were prescribed. The concept of “antipsychotic course experience was introduced. Chlorpromazine and haloperidol or risperidone and haloperidol are frequently prescribed as combination, while clozapine and chlorprothixene, chlorpromazine and chlorprothixene, haloperidol and trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine have low probability of combined prescription. Positive and negative symptoms of residual schizophrenia correlations with specific antipsychotic course experience were established.

Сучасні клініко-лабораторні особливості перебігу ротавірусної інфекції у дітей раннього віку в Запорізькій області

Сучасні клініко-лабораторні особливості перебігу ротавірусної інфекції у дітей раннього віку в Запорізькій області

Risk factors of cardiovascular disease nowadays

The article analyzes the incidence of the population of Ukraine and the Zaporozhye region by class of diseases of the cardiovascular system, studied the structure and causes of mortality from CVD, cardiovascular disease risk factors.It is established that the number of adults who have diseases of the cardiovascular system in Ukraine has reached 26,4 million (58% of the population), more than 400 thousand. people die every year, about 14-15 people out of every 10 thousand adults become disabled. It was found that urban residents of the Zaporozhye region more often than rural (1,3 times, p <0,05) have CVD, and in Melitopol, Zaporozhye, Bilmatsky, Orekhovsky, Veselovsky and Berdyansky districts the incidence rate exceeds the national rate. In V-Belozersky, Zaporozhye, Mikhailovsky, Rozovsky and N-Nikolaevsky areas high levels of morbidity on a hypertensive disease with excess of republican level within 1,5-3,5 times (р<0,05) are registered. The prevalence of coronary heart disease was in line with the national trend, but in 19 districts of the Zaporizhia region the prevalence of strokes was 2,5 times (р<0,05) higher than the Ukrainian average; and in 11 - the prevalence of myocardial infarction exceeded the national level. In the structure of causes of death from CVD, the share of coronary heart disease was 68,9%; cerebrovascular disease – 19,7%, strokes - 8.3%; myocardial infarction (all forms) – 2,5%.Adverse demographic situation inUkraine, including Zaporozhye region is largely due to cardiovascular diseases, which significantly affect the main indicators of public health. A stable increase in the general mortality rate and a decrease in life expectancy are of serious concern and indicate the insufficient effectiveness of preventive measures. First of all, preventive measures should be planned in those areas of the Zaporizhzhya region, where the incidence and mortality rates exceed the average regional and republican indicators. These are such cities of Zaporozhye, Melitopol, Energodar and such regions Rozovsky, Tokmack, Zaporizhia and B-Belozersky areas.

Symptom correlations of organic brain impairment and psychopathology in patients with residual schizophrenia

Relevance. Organic brain impairment (OBI) is one of the most well studied comorbid pathology to schizophrenia. Nevertheless it is not clear yet, how it influences some structural and dynamic aspects of main pathology, such as positive symptoms variability and intensity or negative symptoms progression.Aim – to analyze influence of most common types of organic brain impairment and intensity of residual schizophrenia symptoms. Materials and methods. A study was performed on 100 case histories of patients of Zaporozhye Regional Clinical Psychiatric Hospital who were treated as inpatients with diagnosis of recurrent schizophrenia (ICD-10:F20.5) in time period from 2010 to 2020. Results. On the first stage of a study we studied contingent’s medical history focusing on probable organic brain impairment inducing factors: cerebrovascular catastrophes, cerebrovascular diseases and cerebrovascular conditions. We gathered clinical data on intensity of main positive and negative recurrent schizophrenia symptoms. Among positive symptoms rating in study contingent only conceptual disorganization reaches moderate level of intensity. Negative symptoms among studied patients have higher average intensity than positive with evenly moderate levels with exceptions of difficulty in abstract thinking and stereotyped thinking. We analyzed correlations between organic brain impairment inducing factors and positive and negative syndromes scale categories intensity rating. For correlation statistical interpretation we used Chaddock scale. Only weak correlations were found between positive symptom ratings and OBI inducing factors correlations both positive and negative. For negative symptom ratings we have found all weak correlations but one (traumatic brain injury have moderate negative correlation with conceptual disorganization). Conclusions. Analysis of correlations between organic brain impairment inducing factors with positive and negative symptoms revealed controversial data but definitely demonstrated presence of weak up to moderate influence of organic brain impairment on positive and negative symptom intensity. However this influence is both positive and negative according to specific symptom as well as specific organic brain impairment variant.

Regional Aspects of Rapeseed Production

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main production and economic indicators of rapeseed production. The tendencies and changes of production indicators of rapeseed in the Zaporozhye region in the conditions of development of the domestic agrarian market are revealed. The share of rapeseed production in the Zaporozhye region in the total production of this crop in Ukraine is shown. The purpose of the article is to analyze and compare production and economic indicators of rapeseed production in Ukraine and in the Zaporozhye region. Research methods - system generalization, abstract-logical, analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison, graphic. Research results. Rapeseed production is important for the strategic development of Ukraine's economy in general, and its regions in particular. This is confirmed by the increase in sown areas in Ukraine on average in 3 years in 3.6 times, in the Zaporozhye region - in 2.8 times. Leaders in terms of rapeseed cultivation are Odessa, Kherson, Nikolaev regions, whose share in the overall structure is from 7 to 16%. Trends in rapeseed production have a number of differences at the national and regional levels. Zaporizhia region is not one of the leaders in rapeseed production in Ukraine, as the share of gross rapeseed harvest in the region is 5%. However, productivity in the region is 2 times higher than the average in Ukraine due to increased crop yields. Conclusions. Rapeseed production is increasing throughout Ukraine, 98% of the gross harvest is provided by agricultural enterprises, 2% is grown by households. High demand for rapeseed products of domestic enterprises of the oil and fat complex, stable market price, export potential create the necessary conditions for the organization of efficient production of this crop. The factor restraining production in households is the technological feature of growing and harvesting. There is a tendency to expand the area under this crop in the Zaporozhye region, and productivity growth is provided by irrigation.

Seasonal dynamics of consorative relations of birds and private gardens in the Volnyansk city (Zaporozhye region)

Seasonal dynamics of consorative relations of birds and private gardens in the Volnyansk city (Zaporozhye region)

ПЕРЕДУМОВИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ АГРОТУРИЗМУ В ЗАПОРІЗЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ

The purpose of the study is to determine the prerequisites for the formation of agritourism in the Zaporozhye region, to identify the features of territorial organization and understanding of its regional uniqueness. Research methods and techniques. The study of the territorial organization of agritourism at the regional level is based on two methodological approaches: dialectical and territorial. At the analytical and synthetic stages, the methods of correlation analysis and cartographic modeling, the comparative-geographical method and the method of computer technologies were used. Results. The region has a strong tourist and resource potential for the development of agritourism - in fact, in every district of the region there are rural green estates and tourist attractions. It is proved that the maximum effect of sustainable development can be achieved only if agritourism develops not spontaneously, but within the framework of relevant programs of state, interregional and regional significance. Otherwise, local projects in the field of agritourism in the current conditions of lack of financial resources will be slowed down by uncontrolled development. The idea of the role of rural (green) tourism in the conditions of reset of national and regional recreation caused by the planetary pandemic is deepened and the laconic map of the spatial organization of rural (green) tourism of the region is offered. The practical significance of the study lies in the implementation of its results in the educational process (in teaching courses "tourism organization", "excursion activities", "rural green tourism organization") at geographical, historical faculties of higher education institutions of Ukraine) and the use of article materials in travel companies , excursion establishments and public associations of Ukraine, in strengthening public attention to modern types of recreation and features of their organization. Scientific novelty. The main trends and features of territorial location of agro-villages in accordance with the tourist and recreational potential of Zaporizhia region are highlighted, a cartographic model of spatial organization of rural (green) tourism in the region is introduced.

THE WORLD OF PARTY ASSEMBLY OF THE 1920S (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE ZAPOROZHYE ORGANIZATION OF THE CP(b)U)

The article is based on the materials of the State Archive of Zaporozhye region. The specifics are to focus not on the content of political decisions of party bodies, but on the general atmosphere that prevailed around these decisions. In particular, it is noteworthy that meetings, meetings and meetings in a certain sense formed the main activities of the party nomenclature: they took the lion’s share of their working time, they were also the center of party members thoughts, a springboard for their personal careers. Where the tension within the Communist subculture is particularly pronounced. The intrigue of confrontations, contradictions, mutual provocations, exchange of views on the ground, multiplied by peripheral problems, turned such meetings into a “provincial fair”. The author reviewed the transcripts of district party conferences, plenums of party committees and minutes of bureau meetings for 1921-1929 and came to the conclusion that the universe of party life was unique, which laid the foundation for a new type of political and administrative elite. Party meetings were a special World of party rhetoric, ritual actions, ideological maneuvers, and emotional discourses. The staged style of conducting meetings, ideologization of speeches, emotional component, dogmatism in discussions and decision-making are revealed. The process of transformation of thinking independent party members into an amorphous mass of performers of the will of the party leadership is revealed. And the bureaucratic cell served only as a crutch for the authorities to manage the bulk of the people and party members. Ukraine has inherited a distorted political asset - “Homo Sovieticus”, and each new organization is only a modified offshoot of the Soviet political world, in today’s realities.

THE HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE OF THE SVYATO-TROITSKAYA CHURCH IN THE PRYMORSK CITY, ZAPOROZHYE REGION

The article presents the history of construction and architecture of the Svyato-Troitskaya church in the Prymorsk city, Zaporozhye region. The temple, consecrated in 1838 in the estate of Count V. V. Orlov-Denisov, is one of the oldest architectural monuments of the Zaporozhye region in the style of classicism. The classicism style in architecture is accompanied by a symmetrical-axial composition and restraint of decorative finishes. The role of classicism in the architecture of temple construction in Ukraine of the XIX century is analyzed. The imperial decree of 1806 with the regulation of church construction in accordance with real needs was accompanied by the publication of albums of standard designs that were sent to all provinces. The role of a model project in the construction of the temple is shown for the first time. The features of the construction of the Svyato-Troitskaya church in the style of classicism are analyzed: proportionality, symmetry, a minimum of architectural details, decoration with elements of classical antiquity - strict columns and antique details, porticoes and pediments on the facades. Architectural decisions and church features: the dome is based on powerful pylons formed by the intersection of longitudinal and transverse walls; rectangular pilasters protruding on the facades under triangular gables, form a flat portico; semicircular shallow niches are located above the window and doorways of a rectangular shape; the temple ends with a hemispherical dome on a cylindrical drum with eight window openings. The restoration of the temple of the 1980s is considered, after which the Svyato-Troitskaya church was included in the register of cultural heritage of Ukraine. The article presents the history of the сossack family, who deserved the count's dignity, shows the role of its representatives in the history of the fatherland. Explores the life of Count V. Orlov-Denisov, who worked on the construction of Svyato-Troitskaya church in the Obitochnoe village.

The ritual and festive cuisine of the Czechs of the South of Ukraine as a marker of ethnic identification (based on ethnographic research materials of the Zaporozhye region)

The article analyzes features of the ceremonial and festive cuisine of modern descendants of Czech immigrants living in р. Novgorodkovka of Melitopol District of Zaporozhia Region. Ethnographic materials of the author, recorded from Czech respondents in 2000, 2011-2013, became a source for scientific work. For the Czechs, as for most Slavic peoples, cooking was typical: boiled, stewed, fried and baked. Of particular importance in this case acquires the design of the furnace. The main body of the furnace was in the living room. In the summer they also used ovens in the open air. Until the end of the twentieth century, electric ovens entered the peasant life. Folk ritual food (festive, ritual, ceremonial) was not only a wayto meet the vital needs of a person, but became an important form of social intercourse. By comparing results of the author’s field studies and published data on the immigrants’ cuisine in the motherland, it was established that, on the one hand, the folk ritual and festive food has saved its basic elements and methods of preparation. On the other hand, because of close interethnic Czech-Russian-Ukrainian contacts, it has gained new characteristics. In particular, in the memorial kitchen, the rye wheat porridge with raisins was replaced with boiled rice with cherries; baked apples with sugar were replaced with dried butter and ghee. Wedding dishes complemented the new version of baking − the cow, which served as the ceremonial attribute. The food of the calendar cycle of holidays was characterized by the preservation of Czech ethnic traditions. However, there were: Easter ceremonial bread (Pasca), dumplings, sea fish. In after the birth rite, nutritional elements were most important in the visiting the mother and child.

Correction of the object of social experiments D. A. Stolypin

The publication deals with the problem of correction of an object that occurred during the social experiment carried out by one of the first Russian sociologists, a follower of Auguste Comte, Dmitry Arkadievich Stolypin (1818 – 1893). In accordance with the level of development of sociological science of the last quarter of the XIX century the definition of the concept of «social experiment» was formulated. The reasons for the social experiment, conducted by D.A. Stolypin during 1874 – 1893 in Mordvinovka Village of Berdyansk District of Taurida Governorate (present Mordvinovka Village in Melitopol District of Zaporozhye Region) were identified. Among them, as the main ones, are indicated the crisis of landlord economy and peasant land shortage, in the conditions of the development of agrarian capitalism in the south of Ukraine. It is proved that the goal of the social experiment completely coincided with the direction of the search for social support in the village by the imperial top. The analysis of historical sources allowed the authors to establish that its essence was to create rental farms on landowner lands increasing the profitability of the latter and to popularize among the local peasantry the leading forms of intensive local economic management. Research revealed that in accordance with the sociological concept of D.A. Stolypin local peasants were the object of the experiment, who were asked to break economic ties with the rural community and get the farm in the medium-term lease. The formulation of criteria for comparative analysis made it possible to distinguish three stages in the course of the experiment – 1874-1877 years, 1878-1888 years, 1889-1893 years. The main argument in favor of such approach was not the fact of introducing changes in lease agreements with farmers as much as the involvement of peasants from different social strata in the experiment. Authors found that at the first stage farmers were the representatives of the kulak and prosperous strata of the peasantry, at the second – among the wealthy tenants there were peasants of medium welfare, and at the third – the wealthy and middle peasants were equally divided. The intermediate results of the social experiments by D.A. Stolypin, which were researched in terms of improvements of material facilities, increasing the area of cultivated land and monetary incomes, including farmers in the channels of upward vertical social mobility and changing their social status. At the same time, the article emphasizes that scientific heritage of O. Comte, A. Smith, G. Spencer, as well as the foreign experience of agrarian transformations and knowledge of local economic traditions which were used by sociologist-amateur betrayed the ideas of the formed farm settlement. Social experiment D.A. Stolypin is described in the publication as the longest in the history of national sociology.

Regional aspects of sunflower manufacturing

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main production and economic indicators of sunflower production. The trends and changes in the production indicators of sunflower in the Zaporozhye region in the conditions of development of the domestic agricultural market are revealed. The share of sunflower production in the Zaporozhye region in the total production of this crop in Ukraine is shown. The purpose of the article is to analyze and compare the production and economic indicators of sunflower production in Ukraine and in the Zaporizhzhya region. Research methods - system generalization, abstract-logical, analysis and synthesis, observation, comparison, graphic. Research results. Sunflower production is important for the strategic development of the economy of Ukraine as a whole, and its regions in particular. This is confirmed by the high level of profitability in Ukraine at the level of 40-80%, in the Zaporizhia region - 50-82%. Sown area under sunflower increases annually by 2-3%. The leaders in terms of cultivation of sunflower are Dnipropetrovsk, Kirovograd, Zaporozhye, and Nikolaev regions, whose share in the overall structure is from 7 to 10%. Trends in the production performance of sunflower have a number of differences at the national and regional level. Zaporizhzhya region is one of the leaders in the production of sunflower in Ukraine, and the share of the total harvest of sunflower in the region varies from 6–8%. However, economic indicators in the region are lower than the average in Ukraine by 7-10%. Findings. Sunflower production has acquired territorial distribution throughout Ukraine and at present it can be clearly stated that there is no zonal concentration of sunflower production. A factor hindering the realization of existing potential and increasing economic efficiency is the extensive nature of the development of sunflower production. The expansion of the area under this culture in the Zaporizhzhya region is not observed, and productivity growth occurs at a slower pace than the average in Ukraine.

Analysis of the current state of the enterprises of mechanical engineering of the Zaporozhye region

In the article the modern state of machine-building enterprises of Zaporizhzhya region is investigated. The paper used methods of economic analysis and synthesis, comparison, graphical method. It has been determined that for 2013-2017 the number of machine-building enterprises and the volume of sales of products is growing, with the largest growth rates shown by enterprises engaged in the production of machinery and equipment - almost 300%. It is emphasized that in Zaporozhye region the number of investment and innovative enterprises is insufficient, since under current conditions the investment and innovation activity itself serves as the foundation for the successful operation of machine-building enterprises and is a guarantee of their effective work and improvement of financial and economic condition and competitive positions on the domestic and foreign markets. Based on the analysis of financial and economic indicators of five factories in the region, it is determined that today they operate in extremely difficult conditions. It is substantiated that the main problems hindering the successful activity of machine-building enterprises are obsolete and severe deterioration of fixed assets, low investment and innovative activity, in-depth specialization, staff turnover and insufficient domestic demand for products. In the course of the study, the main measures to eliminate these obstacles are formulated, in particular, it is necessary to carry out modernization and technical re-equipment on the basis of the use of innovative technologies; introduce resource-saving technologies; expand the range of products and move from deep specialization to market orientation; to increase investment attractiveness of the region; to develop and introduce an effective system of motivation of own personnel for innovative activity, etc.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ ВОДНИХ РЕСУРСІВ. ЕКОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ


 
 
 In the context of global crises generated by the technogenic civilization, and, above all, modern ecological crises, the most important today is the issue of further development of human activity, which will, firstly, be aimed at preventing a global ecological catastrophe, preserving the balance of modern civilization with its modified nature, and secondly, the cardinal measures to correct the existing ecological situation.The article deals with innovative directions of sewage treatment, the principles of a closed cycle of water resources use, the status of water objects in Ukraine and, partly, in the Zaporozhye region. Ukraine, along with the developed countries of the world, is on the way to ecologization of life. The measures taken and those decisions that take time to implement them are aimed at achieving non-waste processes in industry and utilities, the application of innovative technologies for the purification and recycling of human waste, in particular sewage.