Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium Research Articles

Diabetic Wound Healing in IL-1β expression by Nano Herbal of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa

Wounds of diabetic patients cause damage to skin tissue for a long time. Increased glucose levels affect angiogenesis which triggers the wound to heal. This study was to determine IL-1β expression in diabetic wound healing after being given nano herbal of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa. This study consisted of 4 treatment groups. K1: negative control, K2: MEBO, K3: Nano herbal of andaliman fruits (100mg/kg BW), and K4: Nano herbal of haramonting leaves (100mg/kg BW) on days 0, 4, 8, 12, and the 16th. The tissue was prepared on paraffin blocks and given Immunohistochemistry staining. Results showed that there was a significant difference between all groups (P <0.001) in IL-1β expression. Histologically in wound healing, the granulation tissue of blood vessels is dominated by extensive fibroblasts and collagen. The epithelium has covered the wound that occurred on the skin. This suggests that some of the compounds contained in the nano herbal haramonting and andaliman can stimulate cell division and growth to form scar tissue. In conclusion, epithelium covered the wound in MEBO treatment, showing that the histology of the skin tissue was almost the same as that of nano herbal andaliman and haramonting. Therefore Nano herbal andaliman and haramonting can be developed into herbs that can be used to treat wounds in diabetics.

Antioxidant Activity Test of Ethanol Extract of Andaliman Fruit (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC.) on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Levels in Rats

Free radicals are compounds or molecules that contain one or more unpaired electrons in their outer orbitals. If the production of free radicals is excessive, it can cause oxidative damage which ends in cell death resulting in the acceleration of various degenerative diseases. To neutralize the work of free radicals, external antioxidants are needed. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) is a source of natural antioxidants that contain flavonoids that can neutralize free radicals. This research included sample preparation, examination of simplicia characteristics, screening of simplicia phytochemicals, extract preparation, determination of SOD activity spectrophotometrically using reagents. A total of 30 rats were divided into 6 groups consisting of the control group, the stress-induced group, the comparison group, and the three stress-induced and EEBA groups with doses of 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 300 mg respectively. /kg bw. Stress induction was carried out by administering EEBA for 7 days and continued by administering EEBA together with doxorubicin for the next 2 days. The results showed that the average SOD level in the control group was (4.626 0.2583), the doxorubicin group (1.956+ 0.0879), the EEBA group 75 mg kg body weight (2.444 0.0844), the EEBA group 150 mg/kg body weight ( 3.052 +0.1139), the EEBA 300 mg/kg body weight (3.646+0.1739) and the Routine 50 mg/kg body weight 5.594 + 0.2056), EEBA had higher SOD activity when compared to the doxorubicin group. Based on the statistical results, SOD activity increased with the increase in the dose of EEBA given and showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between the EPBA group and the doxorubicin group. Observations on liver tissue in the group given EEBA showed better conditions than the liver in the doxorubicin group.

Toxicological Assessment of Methanolic Fruit Extract of <i>Zanthoxylum acanthopodium</i> DC. in Swiss Albino Mice: Acute and Sub-acute Toxicity Study

Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. is widely used in traditional plant-based medical practices in India, with different parts of this plant used to treat a variety of ailments. Though this has been a time-tested practice, the side effects and other implications that the plant may have should not be overlooked. This study evaluated the toxicity of the methanolic fruit extract of Z. acanthopodium in Swiss albino mice by conducting acute and sub-acute toxicity tests using hematological, biochemical, ultrastructural analysis, sperm abnormality, and genotoxicity as parameters. For the acute toxicity test, mice were treated with a single dose of 5000 mg extract/kg bw of mice. While for sub-acute toxicity test, doses of 200, 500, and 1000 mg of the extract/kg bw were administered to the mice. Furthermore, a satellite group of the respective control group and the highest dose group were employed to observe the post-treatment effect that the plant may have. The acute toxicity test resulted in a significant reduction of the mean body weight gain in treated mice, but, no signs of morbidity and mortality were recorded. Sub-acute toxicity test revealed a negative effect of the plant extract on the blood and biochemical parameters. Light and electron microscopic examination of the liver and kidney showed the damaging effects of the extract on the tissues and the cellular structures. In addition, the extract induced sperm abnormalities with a significant reduction of sperm count and sperm viability, and caused an increase in the percentage of abnormally shaped sperms. The extract treatment also resulted in an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations as well as cell death.

Cassava starch/bacterial cellulose-based bioplastics with Zanthoxylum acanthopodium

Abstract. Gea S, Pasaribu KM, Sarumaha AA, Rahayu S. 2022. Cassava starch/bacterial cellulose-based bioplastics with Zanthoxylum acanthopodium. Biodiversitas 23: 2601-2608. The use of conventional plastics has become one of the biggest environmental problems because of their difficulties in decomposing. Bioplastics are plastics that are decompose easily in nature as they are naturally sourced. The purpose of this research was to create antimicrobial bioplastics from cassava starch with the addition of bacterial cellulose (BC) as a reinforcement material and Zanthoxylum acanthopodium (andaliman) as an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, this study determines the optimal concentration of BC and the antibacterial effect of Z. acanthopodium extract in bioplastics produced by the solution casting method. The addition of BC to bioplastics changed the properties of bioplastics, according to FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and tensile strength analysis. Mechanical analysis showed an increase in tensile strength with higher amount of BC. The best tensile strength was observed in CS2BCA sample (2.34 MPa). The antibacterial test of bioplastic samples showed good inhibition zone (10.8 mm) against Bacillus cereus.

Corn Processing with Design of Flaters Machinery and Diversification of Corn Processing with Andaliman Flavor (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium) in Parsaoran Village, Sibisa, Toba Samosir Regency

The objectives to be achieved in PKM activities; developing corn farmers' businesses in Parsaoran Sibisa Village to become economically independent businesses through processing andaliman flavored corn chips, designing and building corn flattening machines, training on corn chips production, business management training and packaging. The specific target to be achieved through a corn flattening machine is to increase the effectiveness of the abundant corn production into andaliman corn chips, savory, sweet, spicy, able to manage business and packaging. The approach method used is the method of education, production training, business management training, design and assistance. The results of this service activity by providing knowledge, technology and business management, corn farmers are expected to be able to take advantage of their agricultural products which are processed into high-value corn chips products. Corn chips are a food diversification product that can support the development of rural agro-industry and increase the income value of corn farmers whose raw materials are easily available in Parsaoran Sibisa Village, Toba Samosir Regency.

Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Mediated by Andaliman Fruit Water Extract and Its Application as Antioxidants

Plant extract-mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is currently gaining significant interest in the field of nanotechnology. In this study, AuNPs were synthesized using an aqueous extract of Andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.). The formation of AuNPs was confirmed by observing the color change of the solution from clear to cherry red. The reaction parameters, namely the extract concentration and the ratio of the mixture of the extract with HAuCl4 solution, were optimized for the AuNPs biosynthesis. The gold nanoparticles were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, SEM-EDS, and particle size analyzer. The characterization suggested that AuNPs had a maximum wavelength ranging of 540–559 nm, with spherical crystals morphology where the highest component was gold at 36.01% and the size below 100 nm on average. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized AuNPs was determined using the DPPH method. It showed that the highest free radical scavenging activity was 83%, given by 20 ppm AuNPs.

Test of Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Andaliman Fruit (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium Dc.) With Dpph (1.1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazil) Trapping Method And Minimum Inhibitory Concentration

Utilization of bioavailability according to World Health Organization (WHO) records is very large, it is estimated that almost 80% of mankind, especially in developing countries, still use plants as medicinal ingredients to maintain their health (Nugraheni, 2007). Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) which belongs to the Rutaceae tribe which is one of the plants known to the Batak community, is classified as a wild plant and is a typical plant of Province North Sumatra. The method used in this research is experimental research. The research included collecting and processing andaliman fruit, making simplicia, making ethanol extracts, and examining antioxidant activity tests using the DPPH free radical scavenging method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) and antibacterial activity using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. The results of the antibacterial activity test of the ethanolic extract of andaliman fruit showed that the extract had antibacterial activity in the moderate category at a concentration of 300 mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 10.17 mm for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and a moderate category for Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria with an inhibition zone of 10.80 mm. The ethanol extract of andaliman fruit can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, effective at a concentration of 300 mg/ml with inhibitory diameters of 10.17 mm and 10.80 mm, respectively.

Effect of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium) Fruit Extract on Anticancer Activity of HEPG2 Liver Cancer Cell Lines

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or hepatoma is the most common primary liver cancer and causes many deaths. Andaliman extract functions as an antioxidant against several cancer cells such as breast cancer cells and cervical cancer cells.
 Aim: To investigate the effect of andaliman fruit extract (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) on the anticancer activity of HepG2 liver cancer cell lines.
 Methods: This research is an experimental study, exploratory laboratory to prove andaliman fruit extract to inhibit proliferation rate, inhibit growth, and triggers apoptosis of HepG2 liver cancer cell lines in vitro. HepG2 liver cancer cell lines were cultured on a suitable and controlled medium to grow. The n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract of andaliman fruit were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution, vortexed and made up with MK-RPMI. Further dilution was carried out to obtain a test solution with a concentration of 500 ug/mL, 250 ug/mL, 125 ug/mL, 62.5 ug/mL and 31.2 ug/mL. The cytotoxicity test results of andaliman fruit against HepG2 cells was carried out using the MTT assay.
 Results:
 In this study we found that the IC50 of andaliman fruit extract was 122,656 µg/mL.
 Conclusions: 
 The results show that there is a cytotoxic activity from the andaliman extract on HepG2 liver cancer cell. Our further study is to assess and compare the anticancer activity from the andaliman extract and doxorubicin on HepG2 liver cancer cell.
 
 Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma, Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, extract, anticancer, HepG2.

Testing Antioxidant And Antibacterial Activity Of Andaliman Fruit (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium Dc.) Ethanol Extract With Abts Method (2,2'-Azino-Bis(3-Ethylbenz-Thiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid) And Minimum Resistant Concentration

Antioxidants are chemical compounds that can donate one or more electrons to free radicals, so that these free radicals can be quenched. There are two sources of antioxidants, namely natural and synthetic antioxidants. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is one of the many spice plants found in Toba Samosir and North Tapanuli Regencies, North Sumatra. Andaliman plants grow at an altitude of 1,500 m above sea level. Apart from North Sumatra. This research using method experimental research when collecting and processing andaliman fruit, making simplicia, making ethanol extracts and examining antioxidant activity tests using the ABTS free radical scavenging method (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and antibacterial activity. using the minimum inhibitory concentration method. Testing the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract of andaliman fruit with the ABTS method using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 734 nm. the regression equation (y = 0.4619 + 20.226) obtained an IC50 value of 64.4598 mg/mL which can be classified as a strong antioxidant activity. The results of the antibacterial activity test of the ethanol extract of the andaliman fruit showed that the extract had antibacterial activity in the moderate category at a concentration of 300 mg/ml with an inhibition zone of 10.

Histological changes of cervical tumours following Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC treatment, and its impact on cytokine expression

Cervical cancer is the second most lethal cancer in Indonesia, behind breast cancer. One of the reasons cancer cells are difficult to treat is that the immune system is sometimes unable to recognise them as foreign. Cytokinin therapy is carried out so that the immune system can strengthen its response to cancer cells, with the aim of slowing or stopping the development of malignant cells. Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC, also known as andaliman, is an Indonesian herb and a member of the Rutaceae family. It is rich in antioxidants and has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. The current study aimed to investigate the histological changes and changes in the expression of cytokines, such as IL-10, IL1β, VEGFR1, and TGFβ1, associated with andaliman treatment. Sample tissues and serums extracted from cervical cancer rat models were used. Rats were divided into five groups: a control group (C−), cancer model group (C+), cancer with a dose of Z. acanthopodium methanolic extract (ZAM) 100 mg/body weight (BW) ZAM (ZAM100), cancer with a dose of ZAM 200 mg/BW ZAM (ZAM200), and cancer with a dose of ZAM 400 mg/BW ZAM (ZAM400). Treatment lasted for 1 month. Blood samples were prepared for ELISA analysis, and cervical tissue was stained for immunohistochemistry using antibodies against IL-10, IL-1β, VEGFR1, and TGFβ1. Administration of ZAM had no significant effect on rat body weight and cervical organs (p > 0.05). However, it impacted haematological parameters in rats with cervical cancer (p < 0.05). Elevated malondialdehyde levels may be linked to superoxide dismutase deficiency in tumour tissue. ZAM significantly decreased the expression of IL1β, TGFβ1, and VEGFR1 (p < 0.01), while it increased the expression of IL-10. Therefore, ZAM may be a potential target for molecular cytokine therapy for cervical cancer.

Anti-Aging Activity of Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC) Fruit Ethanol Extract on Brain Weight and p16INK4a Expression of Hippocampus in Aging Model Rats.

Physiological aging and due to oxidative stress in long term will have an impact on cellular response disorders, can caused aging of hippocampus and senility. Brain weight is known to decrease with age and p16INK4a as aging biomarkers have been investigated. Andaliman is one of typical herbal plants from North Sumatra has been widely used as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging. This study was evaluated effect of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) fruit ethanol extract (AEE) on brain weight and p16INK4a expression in aging model rats. This study was carried out experimentally of 24 male wistar rats. The treatment group consisted of 4 groups; KN= negatif control (normal), KP= positif control (aging model rat), P1 and P2= aging model rat + AEE at dose 150 and 300mg/kgbw, respectively. The aging model rats were D-galactose-induced at dose of 150mg/kgbw for 8 weeks. Brain weigth were recorded by digital scales. p16INK4a expression using immunohistochemical methods. The data analysis with Anova test. This study showed differences brain weight between groups (p=0.523). Brain weight in P1 (1.34±0,06) and P2 (1.30±0.09) tendency increased than KP (1.29±0.62). The p16INK4a expression between groups significant difference (p=0.041), continued with post hoc Least Significant Difference (LSD) showed p16INK4a expression in KN significant decreased than KP (p=0.027). Likewise, p16INK4a expression in P2 was significant decreased than KP (p=0.010). Andaliman ethanol extract at a dose 300mg/kgbw for 8 weeks was improved aging process caused D-galactose induced.

Analysis of Wound Healing from Andaliman Fruit Essential Oil Ointment (Zanthoxylum Canthopodium Dc.) on Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)

Injuries are cases of injury that are often experienced by every human being. A wound is the loss or damage of some body tissue. Many andaliman fruits contain many phytochemicals such as phenols, saponins, flavonoids, triterpioids, and alkaloids. Its terpenoid content has antioxidant and antimicrobial activity repellents. Iris / incision wounds, which are wounds caused by sharp object slices such as knives, cause damage to vessels that are large enough if the slice is deep enough. This study aims to find out the effect of Andaliman Fruit Essential Oil Saleb (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) on wound healing in white rats. This experimental study with the approach of Pre-test and Post-test group only control design was conducted January to February 2021, at the Herbarium Medanese FMIPA USU, the Pharmacognosive Laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy USU, and the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology USU. The samples were Andaliman Fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.), and male white rats. The number of samples using frederer formula, so determined the number of as many as 25 rats selected randomly divided into 5 groups. Data analysis uses the normality test statistical data test, and the ANOVA test. The results of the study that andaliman fruit extract has several bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins that play a role in wound healing. The optimum concentration of Saleb Andaliman fruit essential oil that can heal wounds in white rats is 5%. The highest percentage of cures on the 14th day was in positive control (Bioplacenton®) which was 95% and followed by an extract of 5% v/v with a cure percentage of 90%. Essential oil of andaliman fruit extract has the ability to approach Bioplacenton® in healing wounds in mice.

Suppression of Wnt Expression by Increasing PI3K in Rats Cervical Carcinoma by Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium).

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death for women in the world and Indonesia. This disease originates from a malignant tumour of squamous epithelial cells caused by infection with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Antioxidants can reduce oxidative stress in and there are plants from Indonesia that have high antioxidants, namely andaliman (&lt;i&gt;Zanthoxylum acanthopodium&lt;/i&gt;). This study aimed to analyze the role of andaliman on PI3K and Wnt signalling in cervical cancer histology. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The study includes 5 treatments. The control group (K-), rats cancer model (K+), rats cancer model+the dose is 100 mg/b.wt. of ZAM (P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;), rats cancer model+the dose is 200 mg/b.wt. of ZAM (P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) and rats cancer model+the dosage is 400 mg/b.wt. ZAM (P&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;). On the 30th day after ZAM administration, the rats were dissected for the paraffin block and Wnt and PI3K immunohistochemical staining was prepared. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; There was a significant difference between all groups (p<0.001) in Wnt and PI3K expression. The real role of ZAM in cervical cancer tissue was seen at the highest ZAM dose (P&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;). Irregular mucosal folds and stretched interstitial connective tissue in the K+ group can return to regularity and improve at the P&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; dose. The administration of ZAM showed a significant difference in cervical tissue after benzopyrene injection. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Andaliman (&lt;i&gt;Zanthoxylum acanthopodium&lt;/i&gt;) extract increases PI3K expression through suppression of Wnt expression. It can be developed therapy molecularly to prevent cell growth into cancer.

Cytochrome c Expression by Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) on Cervical Cancer Histology.

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Andaliman is a wild plant in Indonesia and it has been used for centuries as traditional medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of methanol extract of andaliman on apoptosis cancer cells via cytochrome c protein. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; The rats are divided into 5 groups. K: Control, K&lt;sub&gt;+&lt;/sub&gt;: Cancer model rats, P&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;: A dose of 100 mg/b.wt./day of andaliman, P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;: A dose of 200 mg/b.wt./day and P&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;: A dose of 400 mg/kg/b.wt./day for 30 days. The rats were dissected, then the cervical tissue was prepared on paraffin blocks, given Immunohistochemistry staining with cytochrome c antibody. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; There was a significant difference in body and cervical weight (p<0.01). The histology also showed a significant difference between each treatment (p<0.01) in cytochrome c. The highest cytochrome c expression was at P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and the lowest was at K&lt;sub&gt;-&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Andaliman methanol extract can thus be developed into a cervical cancer drug candidate because it can reduce the positive index of cytochrome c in cervical histology.

Effect of Nano Herbal Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) Fruits in NOTCH1 and Hes1 Expressions to Human Placental Trophoblasts.

Andaliman fruit (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) is a well-known spice antioxidant in Northern Sumatera (Indonesia). The cellular activity requires antioxidants in counteracting free radicals. The cellular proteins that play a role in development, proliferation, differentiation and embryonic processes in the human placenta are NOTCH1 and Hes1. The aim of this research was to analyze the expression of NOTCH1 and Hes1 genes after administering nano herbal andaliman to the trophoblast cells of the human placenta. HTR8 trophoblast cells were divided into two groups, namely, control and treatment (nano herbal andaliman). RNA isolation, reverse transcription and RT-PCR (real-time polymerase chain reaction) were performed to analyze the NOTCH1 and Notch target gene (Hes1) expressions. The NOTCH1 and Hes1 gene expressions were quantified using the CT method (2-ΔΔCT) and normalized with Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene expressions. Nanoherbal andaliman reduced the expression of NOTCH1 genes in the human placental trophoblast. However, it increased the expression of Hes1 when the incubation time was 16 hrs. Nanoherbal andaliman decreases the expression of genes that are crucial in hypoxia and free radicals in the placenta, namely, NOTCH1 and Hes1 increased after incubation for 16 hrs. Therefore, this herb needs to be evaluated further.

THE EFFECT OF ANDALIMAN EXTRACT (ZANTHOXYLUM ACANTHOPODIUM DC) ON THE HISTOLOGY OF THE STZ-INDUCED DIABETES MELLITUS RATS

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas cannot produce enough insulin or the insulin produced by the body cannot be used effectively. In one study it was shown that testicular weight, sperm count, and sperm motility were significantly reduced due to diabetes. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of methanol extract and ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) on the histopathological features of Streptozotocin-induced rat kidney (Rattus novergicus). The study used 30 white rats weighing 150-260g aged 2-3 months. The test was divided into 6 groups, namely, without treatment given STZ 45 mg/KgBW + Metformin 50 mg/kgBW (Standard), only STZ 45 mg/KgBW (negative control), given STZ 45 mg/KgBW + methanol extract andaliman 300 mg/ kgBW (Menthanol), administration of STZ 45 mg/KgBW + ethyl acetate fraction andaliman 300 mg/kgBW (Ethyl Acetate), and administration of STZ 45 mg/KgBW + n-hexane fraction andaliman 300 mg/kgBW (n-hexane). The extract was administered for 14 days and on the 15th day, the rats were sacrificed and their testes were taken and the histological process was carried out. The results showed that presenting ethyl acetate fraction of andaliman fruit (Z. acanthopodium DC) could prevent the level of testicular damage in diabetic patients.

Effect of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium methanol extract on CDK4 expression to cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a disease from the Human papillomavirus (HPV) through transmission, virus persistence, clone development until infecting the cells in the cervical. This study is to determine CDK4 expression in cervical cancer cells after being given Zanthoxylum acanthopodium methanol extract (ZAM) and the histological description of cervical cancer cells. This study consisted of 5 treatment groups. K-: control group, K+: rats model of cancer, P1: rats model of cancer with a dose of 100mg/BW of ZAM, P2: rats model of cancer with a dose of 200 mg/BW of ZAM, and P3: rats model of cancer with a dose of 400 mg/BW of ZAM. The cervical tissue was prepared on paraffin blocks and given Immunohistochemistry staining. Results showed that the expression of CDK4 are reduced in the ZAM treatment at doses of 200 and 400mg/KgBW (P&lt;0.05) in cervical histology, but in doses of 100mg/kg BW, many brown marks are still visible on the cervical tissue. These proteins will bind, inhibit proteins, cell cycle development, modulate cell division, and signal transduction pathways of apoptotic signaling. The injection of benzopyrene and given ZAM in cervical tissue affect hematological values. ZAM affects and improves cervical histology after benzopyrene injection. The extract of andaliman can be developed into a cervical cancer drug candidate.

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium DC.), a Rare Endemic Plant from North Sumatra that Rich in Essential Oils and Potentially as Antioxidant and Antibacterial

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is one of the endemic plants originating from North Sumatra. This plant is known for its benefits as a special seasoning spice in Batak tribe community. Humans as the image of God are given the ability to conduct an investigation and development of what God has created so that science begins to develop to investigate the potential of andaliman plants in the field of health. This writing aims to determine: 1) morphological and physiological characteristics of andaliman, 2) habitat of andaliman, and 3) utilization of andaliman as antioxidant and antibacterial agent. The method of writing used in the preparation of this article is the study of literature. The results of the literature study show that the andaliman plant has a tap root, woody stems, green, odd-numbered and jagged-edged compound leaves, pale yellow flowers, pepper-shaped fruits, and shiny black or wrinkled black seeds with thick and hard seed shells. Andaliman habitat is a place with an altitude of 1200-1500 masl with an average temperature of 15-18 ̊C and rainfall of 800-1000 mm/year and soil pH 5.5-7.6. Andaliman fruit contains 29 components of essential oils such as geranyl, cytronella, β-cytronelol, and nerol which have antioxidant activity. Andaliman fruit extract also has antibacterial activity, which inhibits the growth of microbes such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Aspergillus flavus, Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus.

Ethnomedicine of forest’s essential oils for respiratory and cardiovascular treatments in Northern Sumatra

The global pandemic Covid-19 has become a worldwide challenge. Many continuous efforts have been conducted to prevent and combat the diseases that attack human respiratory system. This situation encourages the exploration of potential herbal remedies involving essential oils from forest to boost human immune system. The objectives of study were to explore the traditional application of forest’s essential oils and to identify the phytochemical content of herbal medicines in respiratory and cardiovascular treatments in Northern Sumatra. In-depth interviews were conducted with 27 local people who applied essential oils in their traditional remedies in Karo and Toba, North Sumatra; and Singkil and South Aceh during 2020. The essential oils benefits in Covid-19 treatment were identified by inhaling application to seven positive suspects. The study also reviewed previous findings according the phytochemical content of forest essential oils identified. The study identified twelve forest’s essential oils applied in respiratory and cardiovascular treatments, including Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Dryobalanops aromatica, Eucalyptus sp., Litsea cubeba, Melaleuca cajuput, Myristica fragrans, Styrax sumatrana, Syzygium aromaticum, and. Zanthoxylum acanthopodium. The oils were distilled from plant part such as flowers, leaves, fruits, seeds, and barks or extracted from resin. Several phytochemicals with medicinal properties were identified including 1.8-cineole, apinene, camphene, eugenol, limonene, linalool, and p-cymene. In aromatherapeutic practices by both inhalation and massage, the phytochemical content gives relaxing effects and improve the respiratory and cardiovascular system. The results also show that inhaling the essential oils also helps Covid-19 patients relieve their breathing, therefore prospective for respiratory treatment. The high stress conditions faced by patients were also reduced by inhaling aromatherapy. The study re-discovered the essential oils benefits for various conditions such as headaches and hypertension, while having high potential as an expectorant and immune system booster.

Uji Efek Analgesik Ekstrak Buah Andaliman (Zanthoxylum Acanthopodium) Terhadap Nyeri Pada Mencit (Mus Musculus) Yang Diinduksi Asam Asetat

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience which is the result of stimulus by damaged tissue or chemical mediators which can be experienced by range of intensity, quality, duration, distribution and location. Pain can be resolved pharmacologically by non-opioid (NSAID, salicylates) or opioid (morphine) drugs. Alternatively, pain also can be resolved by non-pharmacological intervention such as hot/cold compress, TENS, behavior therapy, or relaxation therapy. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium), generally used as spices in North Sumatera, also can be utilized as pain killer (analgesic). Objective: To determine the effectivity of Andaliman fruit extract (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) as analgesic in mice (Mus muscular). Methods: This research is an experimental study with posttest only control group design. Experiment conducted to the mice by using 1% acetate acid to induce pain and then intervened by using mefenamic acid or Andaliman fruit extract in different doses and followed by observation of the pain response for 60 minutes with 5 minutes intervals between observation. Result: Andaliman fruit extract in the dose of 100 mg/kgBW, 200 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW have analgetic effectivity more than 50% compared to mefenamic acid with effectivity of 93,16%, 89,21%, and 112,01% respectively. Conclusion: Andaliman fruit extract is an effective analgesic.