Yuzu Peel Research Articles

Comparison of the Preadipocyte Differentiation Inhibitory Effects and Antioxidant Activities of Immature and Mature Yuzu Peel Hot Water Extracts In Vitro

Comparison of the Preadipocyte Differentiation Inhibitory Effects and Antioxidant Activities of Immature and Mature Yuzu Peel Hot Water Extracts <i>In Vitro</i>

Nomilin from Yuzu Seed Has In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and Downregulates Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells through the PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway.

Yuzu (Citrus junos) is a citrus plant native to Asian countries, including Korea, Japan, and China. Yuzu peel and seed contain abundant vitamin C, citric acid, and polyphenols. Although the antioxidative and antimelanogenic activities of other citrus fruits and yuzu extract have been reported, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the limonoid aglycone contained in yuzu seed extract is unknown. We separated yuzu seeds into the husk, shell, and meal and evaluated antioxidant activity of each. The limonoid glucoside fraction of the husk identified nomilin, a novel tyrosinase inhibitor. We performed tyrosinase inhibitory activity and noncompetitive inhibition assays and docking studies to determine nomilin binding sites. Furthermore, we evaluated the antioxidative mechanism and antimelanogenic activity of nomilin in B16F10 melanoma cells. The concentration of nomilin that did not show toxicity was <100 µg/mL. Nomilin suppressed protein expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in a concentration-dependent manner. Nomilin significantly reduced the levels of p-CREB and p-PKA at the protein level and decreased the levels of skin-whitening-related factors MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 at the mRNA level in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, nomilin from yuzu seed husk can be used as a skin-whitening agent in cosmetics.

Production of Green Yuzu Peel Tablet and Its Physiochemical or Functional Characterization

Production of Green Yuzu Peel Tablet and Its Physiochemical or Functional Characterization

Suppressive Effect of Yuzu (&lt;i&gt;Citrus junos&lt;/i&gt;) Peel Extract on Fatty Liver Steatosis Induced by a High-sucrose Diet in Rats

Suppressive Effect of Yuzu (&lt;i&gt;Citrus junos&lt;/i&gt;) Peel Extract on Fatty Liver Steatosis Induced by a High-sucrose Diet in Rats

Volatile constituents of yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) peel oil: A review

AbstractYuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) is a very specific citrus variety mostly produced in Japan and South Korea. In recent years, it received considerable interest from the flavour and fragrance industry, and many studies devoted to the characterization of its volatile constituents have been published, often leading to somewhat contradictory results. This comprehensive review aims at giving a general view of the volatile components and the putative key odorants of Yuzu peel oil.

Stereoselective synthesis of (6Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-3-one (yuzunone) for its characterization in yuzu and various citrus essential oils

(6Z,8E)-Undeca-6,8,10-trien-3-one (yuzunone) is reported to be one of the main olfactory contributors of the specific fruity-green-balsamic odor of yuzu peel oil. Using an original stereoselective synthesis, we prepared a pure sample of yuzunone, which was used as a reference compound to check its presence by GC–MS and GC–O in 5 commercial samples of yuzu and citrus essential oils. Surprisingly, we could not detect yuzunone by GC–MS in any of our samples. However, it could be detected by a small part of the panelists involved in GC–O/AEDA experiments in a yuzu commercial oil, but its olfactory contribution proved to be very limited.

Structural, physicochemical, and in-vitro release properties of hydrogel beads produced by oligochitosan and de-esterified pectin from yuzu (Citrus junos) peel as a quercetin delivery system for colon target

The aims of this study were to produce de-esterified pectin from yuzu (Citrus junos) peel by enzymatic treatment, to use de-esterified yuzu peel pectin (DEYPP) to prepare hydrogel beads as quercetin delivery systems for colon target, and to estimate the structural, physicochemical, and in-vitro release properties of the hydrogel beads. Yuzu peel pectin was de-esterified by pectin methylesterase (DE: 34.64%), and oligochitosan-DEYPP hydrogel beads were produced by an ionic gelation method with different concentrations of DEYPP (1, 1.5, and 2%). The new formations of cross-linking (between the ‒COO- of DEYPP and Ca2+) and a polyelectrolyte complex (between the ‒COO- of DEYPP and the ‒NH3+ of oligochitosan) in all the beads were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared analysis. The results of X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the crystalline quercetin was converted into an amorphous state during the preparation of hydrogel beads. Both the mean particle diameter and the quercetin entrapment efficiency of the beads were significantly increased with increasing DEYPP concentration. For all beads, the cumulative quercetin release after exposure to simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was below 1%, because both the cross-linking and the polyelectrolyte complex occurred in the beads were stable in the SGF and SIF. However, when the hydrogel beads were exposed to simulated colonic fluid for 12 h, quercetin was greatly released from the hydrogel beads (65.37–99.54%). These results revealed that oligochitosan-DEYPP hydrogel beads can be effectively used as quercetin delivery systems for colon target.

유자 첨가 사료보충제 식이 갈색거저리의 품질 특성

In this study, we examined the quality of Tenebrio molitor L. that ingested yuzu supplemented feed at four feed compositions: C120 (120 g Chinese cabbage), C80+Y40 (80 g Chinese cabbage+40 g yuzu peel), C40+Y80 (40 g Chinese cabbage+80 g yuzu peel) and Y120 (120 g yuzu peel). Tenebrio molitor L. was fed for 90 d at a rate according to age, after which the moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash contents of the samples were determined to be 0.49-0.50%, 52.58-53.90%, 30.76-32.34%, and 3.32-3.45%, respectively. Color values, namely yellowness (b) and redness (a), were observed to decrease with increasing yuzu ingestion, and the C80+Y40 sample exhibited the highest lightness (L=36.28). The K and Mg contents were observed to increase with increasing yuzu content, and Pb and As were not detected in any Tenebrio molitor L. sample that ingested the yuzu supplemented feed. The free amino acid (serine and alanine) contents also increased with increasing yuzu content, while the histidine and arginine contents were observed to decrease with increasing yuzu ingestion. Naringin and hesperidin were detected at 1.77 mg% and 1.63 mg% in sample Y120, respectively, while trace amounts were detected in samples C80+Y40 and C40+Y80, but none were detected in the control. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents increased with increasing level of yuzu ingestion, and were highest in sample Y120 (123.11 mg% and 5.69 mg%, respectively).

Yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) Peel Attenuates Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced Murine Experimental Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis is a well-known inflammatory bowel disease. Although there are drugs that are effective against this disease, the prevention and attenuation of ulcerative colitis by food rich in functional ingredients without side effects is desired because some drugs have side effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka), a citrus fruit native to northeast Asia, on a mouse dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Mice given drinking water containing DSS showed significant weight loss, colon shortening, diarrhea, and visible fecal blood. In contrast, mice fed a diet containing 5% yuzu peel for 14 d before receiving DSS showed significant attenuation of these phenotypes. To clarify the mechanism underlying the attenuation, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of yuzu peel. We found that yuzu peel extract suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mice and murine macrophage cell line through suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. In addition, we confirmed that yuzu peel extract had a moderate antioxidant effect. These results suggest that yuzu peel attenuates the pathologies of DSS-induced colitis by coordinately suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress against lipids in vivo.

Fatty acids, tocopherols, phenolic and antioxidant properties of six citrus fruit species: a comparative study

Citrus fruit is a rich source of bioactive phytochemicals. Information on the fatty acid and tocopherol composition of locally grown citrus fruits in Korea is elusive. This work was aimed to study fatty acid, tocopherols, ascorbic acid, antioxidant potential, and selected phenolics from peel and pulp of six citrus species. The most dominant fatty acid was linoleic acid (15–45%), followed by linolenic, palmitic, and oleic acid. Stearic acid was highly abundant in yuzu peel (14.45%) and pulp (15.88%) compared to the other fruits. Unsaturated fatty acids (54–74%) contributed higher composition than saturated fatty acids (25–46%). Peel exhibited better antioxidant potential and contained higher phytochemicals than pulp. The concentrations of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol were ranged from 22.96 (yuzu) to 86.93 (cheonhyeyang) and 38.59 (yuzu) ~83.03 (tangerine) μg/g DW, respectively. J-Redhyeyang peel exhibited highest total flavonoids (4.17 ± 0.10 mgQE/g DW) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (6.17 ± 0.03 mgTE/g DW). FRAP values were highest (20.05 ± 0.64 mgTE/g DW) in yuzu peel, while peel of cheonhyeyang was superior in total phenolic contents. Tangerine (3.02 ± 0.05 mg/g DW) and yuzu (7.49 ± 0.38 mg/g DW) had higher hesperidin concentrations in pulp and peel, respectively. Naringin was found in an appreciable amount in yuzu pulp (2.04 ± 0.09 mg/g DW) and peel (6.30 ± 0.19 mg/g DW) but not detected in all other fruit species. Our results indicate that citrus fruit peel is the rich source of antioxidant compounds, which can be used to prepare antioxidant rich food product.

Effects of Yuzu (Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka) peel on the diet-induced obesity in a zebrafish model

Effects of yuzu peel (Citrus junos Siebold ex Tanaka), yuzu pomace after hexane extraction, and auraptene on metabolic disorders in zebrafish with diet-induced obesity (DIO) were evaluated. All materials tested exhibited anti-obesity effects. Yuzu peel significantly suppressed the rise in plasma triacylglycerol (TG) and liver lipid accumulation. The hepatic mRNA expression of pparab (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, alpha b) and its target genes were significantly upregulated by yuzu peel, which suggests enhanced fatty acid β-oxidation in liver. In visceral adipose tissue, yuzu peel significantly increased the mRNA expression of pparg (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, gamma) and adipoqb (adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing, b), which play roles in adipose differentiation and maintenance. Our findings suggest that yuzu peel exerts anti-obesity effects by activating hepatic PPARα and adipocyte PPARγ pathways. Additionally, the anti-obesity effects of yuzu pomace suggest a novel application to achieve complete use of yuzu instead of disposal as industrial waste.

Effects of Yuzu (Citrus junos) Peel from Waste as an Aquaculture Feed Supplement on Growth, Environmental Load, and Dark Muscle Discoloration in Yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata

Beneficial utilization of yuzu (Citrus junos) peel was investigated to improve the commercial value of cultured yellowtail fish. The antioxidant effects of grated yuzu peel from pomace (yuzu paste) on prevention of dark muscle discoloration during storage in sliced yellowtail fish were tested. Four diets were prepared, containing 0, 10, 50, and 100 g yuzu paste in a 1,450-g diet (wet basis). Fish were fed one of the four diets for 10 weeks. Growth performance was not significantly different among the dietary groups, but fish fed a diet containing 100-g yuzu paste showed the least average body weight and a significant increase in fecal amount and fat levels in the feces, which suggest low digestibility and low absorption. Dark muscle discoloration was significantly reduced in all yuzu dietary groups compared to the control group during storage at 4°C. The optimal supplementation of yuzu paste in the fish diet is very effective at maintaining fish flesh freshness as a finishing diet without causing additional phosphorus or nitrogen pollution of the sea and inhibiting fish growth. This study provides a new way to utilize waste yuzu peel, which also helps reduce waste from yuzu processing.

Anti‐inflammatory Effects of Limonene from Yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) Essential Oil on Eosinophils

Yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) has been used as a traditional medicine in Japan. We investigated in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of limonene from yuzu peel on human eosinophilic leukemia HL-60 clone 15 cells. To examine anti-inflammatory effects of limonene on the cells, we measured the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nuclear factor (NF) kappa B, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). We found that low concentration of limonene (7.34 mmol/L) inhibited the production of ROS for eotaxin-stimulated HL-60 clone 15 cells. 14.68 mmol/L concentration of limonene diminished MCP-1 production via NF-kappa B activation comparable to the addition of the proteasomal inhibitor MG132. In addition, it inhibited cell chemotaxis in a p38 MAPK dependent manner similar to the adding of SB203580. These results suggest that limonene may have potential anti-inflammatory efficacy for the treatment of bronchial asthma by inhibiting cytokines, ROS production, and inactivating eosinophil migration.

Novel Character Impact Compounds in Yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) Peel Oil

Yuzu ( Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka), a tree-grown fruit similar to a kind of sour orange, is widely used in Japanese food/cooking for its pleasant flavor. To clarify the odor-active volatiles that differentiate yuzu from other citrus fruits, sensory evaluations were conducted on yuzu peel oil. The results revealed that the polar part of yuzu peel oil was the source of the characteristic aroma of fresh yuzu fruit. By aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) of the polar volatile part of yuzu peel oil, seven odorants were newly identified as odor-active volatiles in yuzu peel oil in the highest flavor dilution (FD) factors of 128 and 32: oct-1-en-3-one, (E)-non-4-enal, (E)-dec-4-enal, 4-methyl-4-mercaptopentan-2-one, (E)-non-6-enal, (6Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-3-one (Yuzunone), and (6Z,8E)-undeca-6,8,10-trien-4-ol (Yuzuol). Among the most odor-active volatiles in yuzu, (E)-non-6-enal and Yuzunone were identified for the first time solely in yuzu peel oil and not in the peel of other citrus species, and Yuzuol was identified for the first time in nature. Sensory evaluation of yuzu aroma reconstitutions revealed that the newly identified compound, Yuzunone, contributes greatly to the distinct yuzu aroma.

Growth inhibitory effect of peel extract from Citrus junos

Extract from yuzu fruit peel (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) strongly suppressed the germination of lettuce seeds while that from the peel of other citrus fruits such as navel orange (C. sinensis) and lemon (C. limon Burm. f.) had very little or no effect. The highest inhibitory activity was located in the peel followed by the segment but no significant activity was found in the seed extract of yuzu fruit. The effect of yuzu peel extract was tested on a variety of major crops including 38 crop species. Germination of seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce) and watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) was completely blocked by 27.8 mg dry peel equivalent ml−1 of yuzu peel extract, while that of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata [Duch. ex Lam.] Duch. ex Poir.) seeds was not affected at this concentration, showing a broad variation in the sensitivity of crop seeds to the extract. The effectiveness of yuzu peel was also tested on some harmful weeds. The extract inhibited the elongation of both radicle and hypocotyl in summer weed quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) grown on agar plates. Yuzu peel powder added to the soil was also effective in suppressing the growth of C. quinoa, Sonchus oleraceus L. and Digitaria ciliaris, while it had little effect on the spring weed Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. A strong growth inhibitory activity of yuzu peel was found in the aqueous phase after solvent extraction and most of the activity was recovered in the neutral fraction that passed through cation and anion exchange resins.

Quantitative determination and characteristic flavour ofCitrus junos (yuzu) peel oil

Yuzu (Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka) peel oils were extracted by cold-pressing. The flavour components of yuzu were quantitatively determined by use of two internal standards with GC and GC–MS. Characteristic flavour components of yuzu were examined by GC–olfactometry. The contents of hydrocarbons (34 compounds), alcohols (37 compounds) and aldehydes (16 compounds) in weight percent were about 96.55%, 2.03% and 0.1%, respectively. The terpenes were the major components of yuzu peel oil, but they contributed little to the characteristic flavour of yuzu. Methyltrisulfide, borneol, n-octanol, trans-undec-2-enal, (+)-p-mentha-1-en-9-ol, eugenol and carvacrol were found to be strongly involved in the characteristic flavour of yuzu, together with 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol and methyltrisulfide having the highest FD-factor. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Chemical compositions of the volatile part of yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) peel cold‐pressed oils from Japan and Korea

Yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) fruit samples were obtained in November 1998 from the principal producing districts in Japan and Korea, areas which are similar with regard to latitude. Cold-pressed essential oils of the peels of the various yuzu fruits were simultaneously prepared and the chemical compositions of their volatile parts were quantitatively determined by capillary GC and GC–MS. The quantities, represented by weight percent, were examined statistically by analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were found in higher concentration in the Japanese yuzu oils than in Korean ones except those from Kochi (Japanese), while the concentration of the oxygenated compounds was higher in one of the Korean samples. It was noted that there were significant differences in the concentration of limonene, β-phelladrene, linalol, (E)-β-farnesene, bicyclogermacrene, and (E)-nerolidol in the samples. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ゆず皮による煮干し臭抑制

ゆず皮による煮干し臭抑制

Analysis of green and yellow yuzu peel oils (Citrus junos Tanaka). Novel aldehyde components with remarkably low odor thresholds

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of green and yellow yuzu peel oils (Citrus junos Tanaka). Novel aldehyde components with remarkably low odor thresholdsKatsuhiko Tajima, Sachio Tanaka, Tomoko Yamaguchi, and Manabu FujitaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 7, 1544–1548Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00097a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views374Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (556 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts