Yunnan Research Articles

Potential geographical distribution of Cordyceps cicadae and its two hosts in China under climate change

IntroductionThe fungus Cordyceps cicadae is both edible and medicinal.MethodsTo acquire a thorough comprehension of its distribution in China, two host insects, Macrosemia pieli and Platypleura kaempferi, were selected as biological factors potentially associated with its distribution, the ENMTools program was utilized to ascertain the principal environmental factors affecting the distribution of potentially suitable habitats. The possible geographic distributions in the present as well as in the 2030s, 2050s, and 2070s were then predicted using the optimized MaxEnt model.ResultsThe primary environmental variables were soil pH, mean diurnal range, annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality, annual mean temperature and precipitation of the driest month. C. cicadae thrived on steep slopes. and some of which also significantly affect the distribution of its two hosts. Most of the suitable habitats of C. cicadae and M. pieli were currently found in the subtropical monsoon zone. The SSP126, SSP370, and SSP585 scenarios were associated with positive, stable, and unfavorable impacts on the extent of suitable habitats for C. cicadae, respectively, and the suitability of P. kaempferi decreased under three different conditions. The expansion of the C. cicadae was observed in provinces bordering the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, as well as in Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, and northern Yunnan Province. Conversely, its habitat contraction was mainly found in western Guangdong, southern Guangxi, northern Hainan, southwestern Yunnan, and areas bordering eastern Sichuan. The shared contraction regions with its two hosts were primarily located in western Guangdong, southern Guangxi, and southern Sichuan. Moreover, the future centroids were found at higher elevations than the present ones in the provinces of Jiangxi and Hunan.DiscussionIn light of climate change, this research held significance for the conservation and sustainable utilization of C. cicadae.

The Training and Evaluation of the “Dual-Index” Screening Method for Neonatal Congenital Heart Disease: A Multi-Center Study in China

Background: This study aimed to enhance the scope of neonatal congenital heart disease (CHD) screening by evaluating the effectiveness of training personnel in CHD screening using the “dual-index” method, combining pulse oximetry with cardiac murmur auscultation. Methods: From 2019 to 2022, a total of 2374 screening personnel from the Xinjiang, Yunnan, Hainan, Fujian, and Anhui provinces underwent training in neonatal CHD screening using the “dual-index” method, which involves pulse oximetry and cardiac murmur auscultation. Pre- and post-training assessments were conducted using a neonatal CHD screening knowledge questionnaire, distributed through the Questionnaire Star platform, to evaluate the impact of the training. The annual neonatal CHD screening rates were consistently recorded in these five provinces during the same period to assess the increase in screening coverage. Results: After the training, the screening personnel exhibited a significantly improved understanding of the neonatal CHD screening method (p < 0.001). Additionally, the professional background (t = −8.007, p < 0.001) and years of experience (t = 2.839, p = 0.005) of the screening personnel were identified as independent factors influencing their screening knowledge. During the same period, there was consistent linear growth in the screening coverage rate for neonatal CHD across the five provinces (χ2 = 121065.416, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Standardized training in the “dual-index” method, incorporating pulse oximetry and cardiac murmur auscultation, for screening personnel significantly enhances their screening knowledge, thereby playing a critical role in expanding the coverage of neonatal CHD screening.

New Aquilariomyces and Mangifericomes species (Pleosporales, Ascomycota) from Aquilaria spp. in China

Saprobic fungi are known for their critical role in decomposition and nutrient cycling. The study of saprobic fungi is equally important, as it helps in understanding their ecological roles and identifying their hidden diversity. This study focused on saprobic fungi on Aquilaria, which is poorly studied compared to economically important hosts like coffee, tea, and rubber. Our rigorous process led to the collection of two new terrestrial saprobic fungi from the Guangdong and Yunnan provinces in China. After extensive phylogenetic analyses and detailed comparison of morphological characteristics, the two collections were identified as two new species belonging to Pleosporales, Ascomycota. Aquilariomyces maomingensissp. nov. was isolated from Aquilaria sinensis in Guangdong Province, while Mangifericomes aquilariaesp. nov. was isolated from Aquilaria sp. in Yunnan Province. Full descriptions, photo plates, and phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on LSU, ITS, SSU, tef1-α, and rpb2 gene combinations) of the new species are provided, along with a comprehensive list of saprobic fungi associated with Aquilaria spp.

New insights into freshwater ascomycetes: discovery of novel species in diverse aquatic habitats

During investigations of freshwater fungi in Hunan and Yunnan provinces, China, Chaetopsina yunnanensis sp. nov. (Nectriaceae), Parafuscosporella hunanensis sp. nov. (Fuscosporellaceae), and Pleurotheciella yunnanensis sp. nov. (Pleurotheciaceae) were discovered on submerged decaying wood and branches. Based on phylogenetic analyses, C. yunnanensis formed a separate branch with Chaetopsina pinicola and nested among other Chaetopsina species in Nectriaceae (Hypocreales). Furthermore, hitherto known Chaetopsina beijingensis shared the same branch with Chaetopsina fulva, a type species of the genus, demonstrating their conspecific status. Therefore, C. beijingensis is formally synonymized under C. fulva, with an amended species circumscription. Pa. hunanensis formed a well-separated subclade with the ex-type strain of Parafuscosporella mucosa and clustered with other Parafuscosporella within Fuscosporellaceae (Fuscosporellales). In addition, the genus Parafuscosporella is treated as distinct from Vanakripa due to a lack of phylogenetic evidence in clarifying their congeneric status with the latter. Pl. yunnanensis is found to be sister to Pleurotheciella saprophytica, forming a subclade with Pleurotheciella dimorphospora within the Pleurotheciaceae (Pleurotheciales). Morphologically, C. yunnanensis fits well with the generic concept of Chaetopsina in forming a holomorphic state with hyphomycetous asexual morph producing pigmented, setiform conidiophores, phialidic conidiogenous cells, hyaline conidia, and nectria-like sexual morph. Pa. hunanensis fits well with Parafuscosporella in having acrogenous, apiosporous, versicolored, obovoid to obpyriform conidia. In contrast, Pl. yunnanensis resembles Pl. dimorphospora in forming asexual dimorphism with two types of conidia (Type I, brown, muriform/phragmosporous conidia; Type II, hyaline, amerosporous/didymorsporous conidia). The novelty of taxa is explained with detailed descriptions, photo-micrographic illustrations, polymorphism, and multigene phylogenetic analyses of Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood criteria.

Diversity and Potential Cross-Species Transmission of Rotavirus A in Wild Animals in Yunnan, China

Rotavirus A (RVA) is the primary enteric pathogen of humans and many other species. However, RVA interspecies transmission remains poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive screening and genotyping analysis of RVA in 1706 wild animal samples collected from various regions within Yunnan Province, China. A total of 24 samples, originating from wild boars, rodents, bats, and birds tested positive for RVA. Next generation sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed a high degree of genetic diversity and reassortment, particularly for VP4 and VP7. Strains isolated from wild boars and rodents exhibited gene segments with high similarity to those found in humans and other mammalian RVA strains, indicating that RVA may undergo interspecies transmission and reassortment, resulting in novel strains with potential risks for human infection. This study provides critical data for understanding the transmission mechanisms and the RVA host range, and highlights the pivotal role of wildlife in viral evolution and dissemination. These findings have significant implications for public health policies and emphasize the need for enhanced surveillance to prevent interspecies RVA transmission.

Quality Evaluation of Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum From Different Districts in China Based on HPLC, Heracles NEO Ultrafast Gas-Phase Electronic Nose, and FT-NIR.

Wenyujin Rhizoma Concisum, named as Pian Jianghuang (PJH) in China, is the decoction piece from the dried rhizome of Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chenet C. Ling, has been used to relieve pain for many years in China. However, the qualities of PJH in different districts differ greatly due to their growing environments, which would affect their clinical applications. To evaluate the qualities of PJH from different districts in China. HPLC, Heracles NEO ultrafast gas-phase electronic nose, and Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy were applied to estimate the qualities of PJH from different districts in China. By HPLC, the average contents of neocurdione, curdione, germacrone, and furanodiene were 0.203%, 0.151%, 0.022%, and 0.022% in Fujian (FJ); 0.447%, 0.786%, 0.298%, and 0.276% in Zhejiang (ZJ); 0.082%, 0.259%, 0.038%, and 0.019% in Yunnan (YN); 0.041%, 0.022%, 0.260%, and 0.024% in Guangxi (GX); and 0.026%, 0.091%, 0.260%, and 0.016% in Anhui (AH), respectively. By Heracles NEO ultrafast gas-phase electronic nose, the unique odor components in PJH from FJ, YN, and GX were 1,2,4-thiadiazole,5-ethoxy-3-(trichloromethyl), 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoxaline, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, respectively, while ZJ and AH both contained two unique odor components, respectively: pentyl pentanoate and dill ether (ZJ), myrcene, and 2-pentadecanone (AH). Moreover, PJH from above five districts could be discerned quickly by FT-NIR. The application of multidimensional analytical techniques in quality assessment of PJH from different districts in China would provide a new idea for quality control and geographical origin traceability of traditional Chinese materia medica.

The complete chloroplast genome of Solanum melongena ‘Yunqie 9’

Solanum melongena ‘Yunqie 9’ was selected by the Horticultural Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences based on the local environment of Yunnan Province. It is excellent in fruit quality and yield, but it is relatively weak in disease resistance. No information on complete chloroplast genome and position in the phylogeny of Solanum to restrict its genetic improvement. In this study, the chloroplast genome of ‘Yunqie 9’ was sequenced using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The size of the complete chloroplast genome was 155,579 bp in length with an GC content of 37.70%, composed of a large single-copy region (86,189 bp), a small single-copy region (18,504 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (25,443 bp). A total of 134 coding genes were annotated in the entire chloroplast genome, including 89 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genome sequences of 20 species in the Solanaceae family indicated that except for the cultivated Solanum, ’Yunqie 9’ was closely related to Solanum melongena×Solanum torvum and Solanum insanum.

Inventory of landslide relics in Zhenxiong County based on human-machine interactive visual interpretation, Yunnan Province, China

Inventory of landslide relics in Zhenxiong County based on human-machine interactive visual interpretation, Yunnan Province, China

Analysis of Distribution Patterns and Competitiveness of the Ethnic Medicine and Healthcare Industry Using Multi-Source Data.

The healthcare industry is widely regarded as a key driver of economic growth and social development in the 21st century. This study employed multi-source data alongside hybrid analytical techniques, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA), hotspot analysis, and clustering analysis, to explore the development factors and spatial patterns of the ethnic medicine and healthcare industry (EMH) in Yunnan Province, China. The results indicate that the first five principal components account for 79.80% of the total variance, providing significant insights into the industry's competitive drivers. Using the Porter Diamond Model (PDM), spatial clustering of the EMH sector across Yunnan reveals a distinct pattern of 'one ring, two points, three areas, and multiple clusters.' The analysis further shows that industrial competitiveness is highly correlated with to the spatial distribution of regional factors, suggesting the need for a targeted development strategy: 'central innovation, western optimization, eastern enhancement, northern strengthening, and southern expansion.' These findings provide valuable recommendations for policymakers aiming to enhance the traditional and complementary medicine (T&CM) sector's contribution to regional economic development and healthcare modernisation in many parts of the world.

Characteristics of Nitrogen Cycle-related Bacterial Community and Its Response to Soil in the Main Lead-zinc Mine Reclamation Area of Lanping

The nitrogen cycle has an important impact on the element cycle of the soil ecosystem. Moreover, it is important to clarify the key environmental factors of nitrogen cycle microorganisms for ecological restoration in mining areas. The functional flora can regulate the growth of vegetation by participating in the biogeochemical cycle of soil elements in the mining area, which is beneficial to the reclamation of the mining area. The Lanping lead-zinc mine is the largest open-pit lead-zinc mining area in Asia. The content of Cd in the soil of the mining area was 95.6-388.7 times the background value of heavy metal content in Yunnan Province, and it is urgent to carry out ecological restoration in the mining area. To explore the response of nitrogen cycling bacteria to the soil in a lead-zinc mine reclamation area, soil samples from the Lanping lead-zinc mine reclamation area were considered as the research object, and the effects of different nutrient gradients on nitrogen cycling functional microbial groups in the Lanping lead-zinc mine reclamation area were revealed using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology, collinear network analysis, PCoA, Mantel test, and random forest. The results showed that the dominant bacteria were all from the unmarked species of Nitrosomonadaceae. The effect of lead and zinc on nitrogen cycling functional microorganisms in the lead-zinc mining area was limited, and the effects of organic matter and pH were greater. Ammonium nitrogen （NH4+-N）, nitrate nitrogen （NO3--N）, and pH were the key physical and chemical factors affecting nitrification, denitrification, and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, respectively.

Prevalence and genetic characterization of viral gastroenteritis in hospitalized children aged <5 years in Yunnan Province, China, 2020–2022

Prevalence and genetic characterization of viral gastroenteritis in hospitalized children aged <5 years in Yunnan Province, China, 2020–2022

The impact mechanism of digital transformation on the supply chain capabilities of the fresh-cut flower industry in Yunnan province of China

Given the rapid global economic development and continuous technical advancements, a key strategy for companies trying to improve their competitive edge and accomplish sustainable development is digital transformation. This study's goal was to investigate how the supply chain capabilities of Yunnan Province's fresh-cut flower business are affected by digital transformation. To collect data, the study employed a survey methodology based on a questionnaire. Ultimately, 402 flower businesses in Yunnan Province produced valid du-plicates. PLS-SEM was utilized in the study to evaluate the data, and the results showed that digital transformation greatly improved the enterprises' capacity for both innovation and supply chain management; innovation capabilities positively impacted supply chain capabilities and acted as a mediator in the relationship between supply chain capabilities and digital transformation. Furthermore, organizational readiness largely exhibits a positive moderating effect on the relationship between digital transformation and supply chain capabilities, whereas technology readiness not only fosters but also reinforces the relationship between digital transformation and innovation capabilities. These results offer an effective reference suggestion for fresh-cut flower companies in Yunnan Province and nationwide on how to enhance supply chain capabilities through digital transformation to improve their competitive advantages.

Carbon Storage Response to Land Use/Land Cover Changes and SSP-RCP Scenarios Simulation: A Case Study in Yunnan Province, China.

Changes in terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage (CS) affect the global carbon cycle, thereby influencing global climate change. Land use/land cover (LULC) shifts are key drivers of CS changes, making it crucial to predict their impact on CS for low-carbon development. Most studies model future LULC by adjusting change proportions, leading to overly subjective simulations. We integrated the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) model, the Patch-generating Land Use Simulation (PLUS) model, and the Land Use Harmonization 2 (LUH2) dataset to simulate future LULC in Yunnan under different SSP-RCP scenarios of climate and economic development. Within the new PLUS-InVEST-LUH2 framework, we systematically analyzed LULC alterations and their effects on CS from 1980 to 2040. Results demonstrated that: (1) Forestland had the highest CS, whereas built-up land and water showed minimal levels. Western areas boast higher CS, while the east has lower. From 1980 to 2020, CS continuously decreased by 29.55 Tg. In the wake of population increase and economic advancement, the area of built-up land expanded by 2.75 times. Built-up land encroaches on other land categories and is a key cause of the reduction in CS. (2) From 2020 to 2040, mainly due to an increase in forestland, CS rose to 3934.65 Tg under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, whereas under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, primarily due to a reduction in forestland and grassland areas, CS declined to 3800.86 Tg. (3) Forestland is the primary contributor to CS, whereas the ongoing enlargement of built-up land is causing a sustained decline in CS. Scenario simulations indicate that future LULC changes under different scenarios will have a significant impact on CS in Yunnan. Under a green sustainable development pathway, Yunnan can exhibit significant carbon sink potential. Overall, this research offers a scientific reference for optimizing land management and sustainable development in Yunnan, aiding China's "double carbon" goals.

Analysis of Risk Factors and the Establishment of a Predictive Model for Thrombosis in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia.

To explore the risk factors for thrombi occurring in patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and establish a risk prediction model to better predict the risk of thrombosis in patients with ITP. We retrospectively analyzed 350 ITP patients who had been hospitalized in the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province between January 2024 and June 2024. For all patients, we recorded demographic characteristics and clinical data, analyzed the risk factors for thrombosis in ITP patients and then developed a risk prediction model. Stepwise logistic regression analysis indicated that a high D-dimer level, a low PC (platelet count) and a high Padua score were independent risk factors for thrombosis in ITP patients. According to multivariate analysis, a predictive model for thrombus risk showed that the area; the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.673 (95% CI: 0.615-0.730) and the maximum Youden index, sensitivity and specificity were 0.272, 47.0% and 80.2%, respectively. A high D-dimer level, low PC, and high Padua score were shown to be independent risk factors for thrombosis in ITP patients. Also, the study showed that these three risk factors might be used as a risk predictors for thrombosis in ITP patients to some extent.

The Impact of Narrative Nursing on Body Image, Disability Acceptance, and Psychological Hope Level in Young and Middle-aged Breast Cancer Patients After Surgery

Objective: To investigate the effects of narrative nursing on body image, disability acceptance and psychological hope level of young and middle-aged breast cancer patients after radical surgery. Methods: A non-randomized quasi-experimental study was used to divide 80 patients in the Department of Breast Surgery of a tertiary cancer hospital in Yunnan Province from October 2023 to September 2024 as the study subjects and the study subjects were divided into the intervention group and control group with 40 cases in each group. The intervention was performed within 1 month after surgery, and a total of 5 interventions were performed. The two groups of patients were evaluated by the breast cancer patients’ body image self-rating questionnaire, the revised version of the Disability Acceptance Scale, and the Herth Hope Assessment Scale. Results: There were no significant differences in BISQ-BC, ADS-R, and HHI between the intervention group and the control group before intervention (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the BISQ-BC score of the intervention group was lower than that of the control group, and the ADS-R score and HHI score were higher than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Narrative nursing can effectively improve the physical image level of young and middle-aged breast cancer patients, improve the disability acceptance and psychological hope level of young and middle-aged breast cancer patients, and help them vent their negative emotions, gain confidence in life, and improve their quality of life.

Assessment of agricultural sustainability performance in Dali Prefecture, China using the DPSIR Model

ABSTRACT Urbanization and ecological efforts in China have significantly altered agricultural land use affecting both the quantity and quality of arable land. There has been a rise in the use of energy, fertilizers, pesticides, and plastic films to enhance production. However, these unsustainable farming practices have led to higher greenhouse gas emissions and the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution. The Yunnan Province government aims for sustainable agriculture to enhance product quality and China’s green farming. Yunnan’s proximity to the Yangtze, Lancang, and Yuan Rivers makes agriculture vital for the downstream livelihoods and biodiversity. This study explored factors affecting agriculture in Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The study proposed a comprehensive system of 33 indexes to assess agricultural sustainability performance using the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response framework. It employed a composite weight method combining the Analytic Hierarchy Process and Entropy Weight methods. The assessment showed that all counties except Dali City scored a performance index below 0.5. Furthermore, the “Response” indicator was found to be crucial in advancing agricultural sustainability. Conversely, factors leading to unsustainable changes, like “Driver” were less significant. The study reveals that data statistics prioritize indexes related to land resources while experts emphasize indexes linked to socioeconomic status when assessing agricultural sustainability.

First Report of Dodder (Cuscuta chinensis) Parasitizing Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis in Yunnan, China

Dodder (Cuscuta spp.), particularly the species Cuscuta chinensis, is a parasitic weed known for its ability to infest a broad spectrum of plant species, thereby significantly affecting the stability and functionality of native ecosystems (Zhang, Xu et al. 2021). This species exhibits a remarkable capacity to parasitize a wide range of host plants, encompassing both woody and herbaceous species across various botanical families, such as Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Polygonaceae, and Rosaceae (Ikeue, Schudoma et al. 2015, Cirocco, Facelli et al. 2020, Dawson, Musselman et al. 1994). However, the parasitic climbing plants of the genus Cuscuta have not yet been extensively documented in scientific literature. In June 2023, C. chinensis was observed parasitizing Hedera nepalensis var. sinensis in Changchong Mountain (102°42′55″N, 25°7′01″E, elevation 1901m), Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China. H. nepalensis var. sinensis is a woody evergreen perennial vine that retains its leaves year-round greenery in landscaping. Field observations recorded the invasion of the lignified stems of H. nepalensis var. sinensis by the parasitic vine C. chinensis, showcasing the clear vascular infiltration visible to the naked eye. Furthermore, the foliar tissues of the host display evident symptoms of chlorosis, desiccation, and in certain instances, abscission. We set up 20 quadrats, each measuring 1 m2, within a 2-hectare to conduct an extensive ecological survey aimed at determining the host preference of C. chinensis for the populations of H. nepalensis var. sinensis within this 2-hectare range. The study entailed a meticulous examination of the local flora, with a particular focus on arboreal species and pteridophytes in the vicinity. The results of the survey indicate that C. chinensis exhibits a marked preference for climbing plants as its primary hosts within the surveyed area. We extracted total DNA from dodder stems using the CTAB method (Doyle, J, et al. 1991). Whole plasma was sequenced using genome skimming (Qu et al. 2019). The length of the chloroplast genome is 86,972 bp. The obtained sequence was deposited in GenBank (accession number: PP796631), and BLAST analysis was performed to confirm the species identity as C. chinensis (99.95%, Species accession numbers: MH780079). Phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated that the observed Cuscuta species exhibits the highest degree of genetic similarity and the least divergence in branch lengths (0.00015 and 0.00025, respectively) with the established the C. chinensis, and this relationship is supported by a bootstrap confidence value of 100%. Thus, this dodder specimen discovered in this ecological survey was identified as C. chinensis based on evidence from morphology, molecular biology and phylogenetics. Herbarium specimens of C. chinensis were collected and are now preserved in the repository of the College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University (No. 202311010C). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first documentation of C. chinensis infecting H. nepalensis var. sinensis, marking a unique instance of parasitic behavior exhibited by C. chinensis on a global scale across liana species.

Understanding the triacylglycerol-based carbon anabolic differentiation in Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus rotundus developing tubers via transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches

BackgroundYellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus, known as ‘YouShaDou’ in China, YSD) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus, known as ‘XiangFuZi’ in China, XFZ), closely related Cyperaceae species, exhibit significant differences in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation within their tubers, a key factor in carbon flux repartitioning that highly impact the total lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolisms. Previous studies have attempted to elucidate the carbon anabolic discrepancies between these two species, however, a lack of comprehensive genome-wide annotation has hindered a detailed understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms.ResultsThis study utilizes transcriptomic analyses, supported by a comprehensive YSD reference genome, and metabolomic profiling to uncover the mechanisms underlying the major carbon perturbations between the developing tubers of YSD and XFZ germplasms harvested in Yunnan province, China, where the plant biodiveristy is renowned worldwide and may contain more genetic variations relative to their counterparts in other places. Our findings indicate distinct expression patterns of key regulatory genes involved in TAG biosynthesis and lipid droplet formation, including transcriptional factors and structural genes such as ABI3 transcriptional factor, rate-limiting enzymes GPAT3/6/9 and DGAT2/3, and oleosin and caleosin homologs. Furthermore, our omics data suggest that these differences in gene expression are not the sole contributors to the diverse tuber compositions. Instead, complex interactions among highly regulated catalytic reactions, governing carbohydrate, protein, and species-specific metabolite metabolisms, such as starch and sucrose metabolic pathways, flavonoid and amino acids biosynthetic pathways, collectively contribute to the pronounced carbon anabolic differentiation primarily evident in TAG accumulation, as well as the starch properties in mature tubers.ConclusionThis study offers new metabolic insights into the high-value underground non-photosynthetic tissues of Cyperaceae species, which harbors not only high biomass productivity but also abundant nutrients as favorable food or industrial sources in the modern agriculture. The detailed omics analyses aim to deepen our understanding of the Cyperaceae species, which may potentially broaden their application values and facilitate the molecular breeding of better varieties to ameliorate the food safety problem.

Leifsonia stereocauli sp. nov., Isolated from Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. Lichen.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, catalase-positive, oxidase-positive, non-motile with no flagella and irregularly rod-shaped, denominated strain YIM 134122T, was isolated from a Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. lichen gathered on Baima Snow Mountain in Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The novel strain grew at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-7.2), 4-35℃ (optimum,25-35℃), and with the existence of 0-10% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-2%). Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM 134122T belonged to the genus Leifsonia and presented high levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Leifsonia kafniensis JCM 17021T (97.92%) and Leifsonia psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.12166T (97.79%). Based on the draft genome sequence, the G + C content of strain YIM 134122T was found to be 68.41%, and the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridizations values between strain YIM 134122T and Leifsonia kafniensis JCM 17021T and Leifsonia psychrotolerans CGMCC 1.12166T were 73.78% and 73.75%, and 19.6% and 19.9%, respectively, which were extremely lower than the generally proposed threshold value for species delineation. The predominant polar lipids in strain YIM 134122T consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, three unknown glycolipids, two unknown phospholipids, and one unknown lipid, whereas MK-10, MK-11 and MK-12 were the main menaquinones. The major fatty acids (> 4%) of the strain contained iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0. On the basis of phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic and genotypic evidences, it is concluded that strain YIM 134122T represents a novel species of the genus Leifsonia, for with the name Leifsonia stereocauli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 134122T (= CGMCC 1.62033T = MCCC 1K08590T = KCTC 59219T).

The origin and era of Harvard's collection of “double red” circle Naxi Dongba manuscripts

Among the 598 volumes of Naxi Dongba manuscripts held by the Harvard-Yenching Library, some bear a singular adornment: two prominent crimson circles. These “double red” manuscripts boast a unique artistic flair. Due to excellent preservation and delicate illustration, they are of high value for academic research. Through systematic fieldwork and careful analysis of the postscript, we have rigorously confirmed that the source of these “double red” Dongba manuscripts is Xiachangshui (下长水) Village, Huangshan (黄山) Town, Yulong (玉龙) County, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province. The scribe has been verified as the Qing dynasty's priest Mu Zhi (木知) (1814–1874 to 1892). The lineage of transmission for this set of manuscripts is also very clear, passing from Mu Zhi to his grandson Mu Fuguang (木福光), and then through the US scholar Joseph Rock, before finally being collected by the Harvard-Yenching Library.