Abstract Pedicularis(Orobranchaceae) is a common high altitude genus of the Himalayas that may be affected by pollination limitation. UsingPedicularis lachnoglossafrom Yulong (Jade Dragon) Snow Mountain in Lijiang (Yunnan Province, southwest China), we investigated the effects of high altitude habitats on the process of pollination and seed production. Floral biology, pollinator foraging behavior, breeding system, and pollination efficiency were examined using observation and exclusionary techniques.Pedicularis lachnoglossawas found to be entomophilous and exclusively pollinated byBombus friseanusandB. yunnanicola. Our results indicated that pollination limitation inP. lachnoglossawas not significant. Under open pollination, approximately 80% of flowers were successfully pollinated and developed to fruits, and about 38% of ovules developed to mature seeds. Bumblebee pollination is highly precise and efficient inP. lachnoglossa, because its flowering phenology and floral characters enhance the foraging of bumblebees on flowers. This study supports that animal pollination plays a crucial role in the outbreeding of the early floweringPedicularis. The evolution of floral specification inPedicularishas the advantages of adaptation to bumblebee pollination in adverse high altitude habitats.