Yrs For Females Research Articles

Effect of body mass index on bone mineral density is age-specific

Background and aimsObesity and osteoporosis are two important and growing public health problems worldwide. Body mass index (BMI) has been found to be inversely related to the risk of osteoporotic fracture. We aimed to assess the association of BMI with thoracic vertebral bone mineral density (BMD) measured from a quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Methods and resultsWe retrospectively evaluated the data from 15,758 consecutive patients (5675 females and 10,083 males) between age 20–90 years, who underwent Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) scoring. Quantitative data analyses of thoracic trabecular BMD (mg/cm3) was performed with a phantom system or phantomless using validated software. The gender-specific subgroup was divided based on age (<45, 45–55, 55–65, >65 yrs in females; <40,40–60,>60 yrs in Males) and weight by BMI (kg/m2) as < 25 (normal or low weight), >25 - <30 (overweight) and >30 (obesity). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe's post hoc procedure tested the association of body weight/BMI on BMD. A significant positive association between the body weight and BMD existed in obese population in elder groups in both genders (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in BMD in 40–60 years in men and <55 years in women with normal or low weight compared to overweight or obese cohorts. ConclusionsWe concluded that the effect of weight on BMD is age-specific and the BMD should be monitored routinely with a cardiac CT scan in the senile population.

Age and growth of blue marlin Makaira nigricans from the central western Atlantic Ocean

Atlantic blue marlin fin spines were sampled from Venezuelan fleets during 2003–2008 for the purpose of estimating age and growth. Transverse sections of the second spine from the first anal fin were sampled from 1708 individuals. Of these, 1638 (95.9%) were readable (774 males, 744 females and 120 indeterminate). Males ranged in size from 130 to 254 cm LJFL, females from 126 to 370 cm LJFL. Samples were scored for visible growth annuli and age-corrected for early annuli lost as a result of increased spine core vascularization. Maximum age estimates based on visible annuli were 19.6 yrs for males and 31.3 yrs for females. After age-correction the maximum age estimates were revised to 43.4 and 43.5 for males and females, respectively. The von Bertalanffy growth model and alternate variant models are presented for the observed individual LJFL at-age data, and three derived data sets: (1) mean observed LJFL at age, (2) all back-calculated LJFLs at each age, (3) mean back-calculated LJFL at each age for males, females, and combined sex.

A clinicopathogical study on diabetic foot ulcer with special reference to the causative factors and its management

Background: Diabetic ulcers are the most common foot injuries leading to lower extremity amputation. The present study was done to identify the incidence and related risk factors of diabetic foot ulcers in study participants.Methods: This was a prospective done on 50 patients with diabetic foot ulcers. All the patients were examined thoroughly and related laboratory investigations were done. Wound culture and sensitivity was done in all cases.Results: Mean age of onset with foot ulcers was 53.5 yrs in male and 55 yrs in females. Nephropathy was present in 12 (24%) patients. Sensorimotor neuropathy was present in 29 (58%) cases and autonomic neuropathy was present in 06 (12%) cases. Most common infection identified in diabetic foot ulcers was due to gram-negative bacteria (E. coli in 45 cases). Major amputation was done in 2 (4%) patients.Conclusions: Implementation of management strategies at early stages prevents the development of complications related to diabetic foot ulcers in patients.

Cardiac involvement in adult patients with febrile thrombocytopenia diagnosed by bedside 2-D echocardiography

Background: Febrile thrombocytopenia due to various etiologies is very common in India. Its clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infections to severe disease. Cardiac involvement in such systemic illness should be evaluated. Aim of present study is to evaluate cardiac involvement in patients with Febrile thrombocytopenia with platelets count less than 50,000/µL with the help of handheld echocardiography.Methods: Two hundred patients who had fever with thrombocytopenia were enrolled in the study. ECG and echocardiogram were done to all the patients. One-way ANOVA, Chi square test and correlation coefficient from Pearson correlation and P value of &lt; 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Out of 200 patients there were 146 males and 56 females. The mean age was 24.12yrs in males 28.32yrs in females .Rhythm abnormalities were present in 60 patients and the most common abnormality was sinus tachycardia; 17 patients had ascites and right pleural effusion; 24 patients presented with pericardial effusion and incidental diagnosis of CHD, RHD, and CAD were made; two patients had myocarditis as evidenced by global hypokinesia of left ventricle. All of those cardiac manifestations were common in Dengue Shock Syndrome.Conclusions: Cardiovascular manifestation in Febrile thrombocytopenia is relatively common ranging from pericarditis to myocarditis. Clinician should routinely screen patients with pyrexia with thrombocytopenia for cardiac manifestations. Early diagnosis at bed side may improve the outcome. Management of patients with pre-existing cardiac diseases should be individualized.

Long-Term Trends in Ringed Sawback (Graptemys oculifera) Growth, Survivorship, Sex Ratios, and Population Sizes in the Pearl River, Mississippi

Effective management of long-lived species requires demographic and life-history data that are best acquired from long-term studies. The ringed sawback (Graptemys oculifera), endemic to the Pearl River watershed of Mississippi and Louisiana, is a species of management concern at both the state and federal levels. Population sizes, trapping success, basking counts, sex ratios, survivorship, and growth of this species were investigated at 5 sites on the Pearl River in Mississippi over a 25-yr period. Estimates of age at maturity were 4.6 yrs for males and 9.1 yrs for females. Mean annual survivorship estimates for males, females, and juveniles were 0.88, 0.93, and 0.69, respectively. Maximum longevity estimates were 48.8 yrs for males and 76.4 yrs for females. Average longevity estimates were 8.5 yrs for males and 13.9 yrs for females. The sex ratio of captured turtles was male-biased before 2000 but unbiased after 2000. Realized population growth estimates indicated that 4 populations were stable over the 25-yr period and 1 population had declined. Population estimates and basking counts trended downward through time at most sites. Trapping success after 2000 for all sites combined declined by 77%, 45%, and 25% for juveniles, males, and females, respectively. Taken together, these data indicate that 1 population of G. oculifera has declined, 3 appear to be in the initial stages of decline, and 1 is relatively stable. Additional monitoring of these populations will be necessary to determine if these trends continue into the future.

Potential use of anal fin spines for assessing age and growth of longbill spearfish, &lt;I&gt;Tetrapturus pfluegeri,&lt;/I&gt; in the western Atlantic Ocean

For the first time, the age and growth of the longbill spearfish, Tetrapturus pfluegeri Robins and De Sylva, 1963, was estimated using transverse sections from the third spine of the anal fin. The samples used were collected in a large zone of the western Atlantic Ocean between 22°N and 36°S, from the artisanal gillnet and commercial longline fleets of Venezuela and commercial longline fleets of Brazil and Uruguay. Von Bertalanffy growth models were fitted by sex and regions, north and south of 7°N. Annual periodicity in ring formation was observed using a marginal increment ratio analysis. The maximum age observed was 7 yrs for females and 6 yrs for males. Differences in growth were found between sexes in the southern, but not in the northern region. In the southern region, female growth was slower and they attained larger sizes (K = 0.42 cm yr–1, L∞ = 184 cm) than males (K = 0.54 cm yr–1, L∞ = 173 cm). In the northern region, longbill spearfish growth appeared faster than in the southern region (K = 0.80 cm yr–1, L∞ = 177 cm). Although more sampling and research is needed, our study provides a starting point for parameter estimation and age validation required for stock assessment of the longbill spearfish in the Atlantic Ocean.

Aging and life history traits of the longnose spiny dogfish in the Mediterranean Sea: New insights into conservation and management needs

Aging chondrichthyans has been characterized as a slow and difficult process, but at the same time it is considered of fundamental importance for the holistic management and conservation of their populations. This study aims to assess the age and growth of the longnose spurdog S. blainville, to correlate the results to the species’ biological features and to compare them with those reported in previous studies that used different aging methods. By counting the growth bands on the enamel surface of the dorsal fin spines, age was estimated in 569 out of 810 individuals that were taken as by-catch from commercial fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea during an 8-year period. Spine morphometrics revealed sexual dimorphism as far as spine length, spine base width and spine weight are concerned. The between-sex differences were also reflected in the length-weight relationships, in the gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indices, and in the condition factor (K). All three somatic indices differed significantly among maturity stages, seasons or age classes. The reproducibility of the age readings was considered high based on the estimated CV and APE precision indices. Age bias plots also indicated no significant intra- and small inter-reader variation. The estimated VBGF parameters were: L∞=1097.3mm, k=0.03 yr−1 and t0=−5.58 yrs for females, and L∞=665.5mm, k=0.08 yr−1 and t0=−3.35 yrs for males. Likelihood ratio tests showed that all growth parameters were statistically significantly different between sexes (χ2=38.26, df=3, P<0.001). Females reached higher longevity (28 yrs) than males (22 yrs) and attained maturity at higher age and larger size (T50=17 yrs and L50=568.1mm) than males did (T50=11.3 yrs and L50=460.6mm). S. blainville seems to be a long-lived shark of slow growth and late maturity, a combination of traits indicating a species of great vulnerability to fishing pressure that can only sustain a low harvest rate.

Age and Growth of the Dusky Shark, Carcharhinus obscurus, in the Western North Pacific Ocean

Age and growth of the dusky shark, Carcharhinus obscurus, in the western North Pacific Ocean was estimated based on 434 specimens (213 females and 256 males) collected between September 2002 and November 2003 at the Nanfanao fish market, in northeastern Taiwan. Sex-specific relationships between body weight (W) and total length (TL) were estimated as follows: W=2.03 × 10^(-6)TL^(3.216) (n=209, p ＜ 0.01) for females and W=8.01 × 10^(-6)TL^(2.957) (n=294, p ＜ 0.01) for males. The relationship between TL and the vertebral centrum radius (R) for both sexes (＂sexes-combined＂ data) was described using the following equation TL=14.74 + 20.31R (n=399, p ＜ 0.01). Growth band pairs (including translucent and opaque bands) in precaudal vertebrae were determined to form once annually, based on centrum edge analysis and verified by statistical analysis. The maximum number of growth band pairs was 29 for females and 24 for males. The Robertson growth function best fit the observed length-at-age data. Sex-specific growth equations were not significantly different; thus, the combined growth parameters for both sexes were estimated as: asymptotic length (L_∞)=369.4 cm TL, b=0.912, growth coefficient (k_R)=0.126 yr-1 (n=385, p ＜ 0.01). Age at maturity was estimated to be 16.6 yrs for females and 15.5 yrs for males.

PWE-105 Biological World Of Ibd, Is It Only Safe In Tertiary Care Centres?

IntroductionInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a prevalence of 400 per 100,000 with approximately 240,000 patient with IBD in UK. It is triggered by a combination of environmental, genetic and immunoregulatory...

Spirometric “Lung Age” estimation for North African population

BackgroundPublished reference equations predicting Estimated-Lung-Age (ELA) did not reliably predict Chronological-Lung-Age (CLA) data in North African population. AimsTo develop and to validate novel reference equations for ELA from varied anthropometric data and FEV1. MethodsApplying multiple regression analysis, equations predicting ELA were invented using data from 540 never-smokers with normal spirometry (group I). Validation was made based on data from 41 never-smokers with normal spirometry (group II). Equations were further applied for 91 subjects with confirmed COPD. ResultsNovel regression equations allowing prediction of reference value of ELA and normal limits of difference between ELA and CLA were elaborated in both sexes. In males, ELA (yrs)=42.85−20.74×FEV1 (L)+47.41×Body Surface Area (m2)−0.62×Body-Mass-Index (BMI, kg/m2). In females, ELA (yrs)=64.64−8.00×FEV1 (L)−0.17×BMI (kg/m2) + 8.82×Height (m). Normal limits of difference between ELA and CLA were ±16.9yrs in males and ±14.8yrs in females. Established equations predicted ELA of group II with no significant difference between CLA and ELA in either sex (respectively, 42.9±16.6 vs. 40.3±13.7yrs in males, 42.0±13.5 vs. 45.6±7.7yrs in females) ELA was significantly older than CLA age only in COPD with grades III and IV ((ELA minus CLA) (yrs) averaged, respectively, +21.7, +26.4). ConclusionNorth African reference equations enrich the World Bank of reference equations from which the physician should choose according to the patient’s ethnic background.

Karakaya Baraj Gölü’nde yaşayan Aspius vorax (Heckel, 1843)’ın yaş, büyüme, üreme ve ölüm oranı

Population structure studies of Aspius vorax (Heckel, 1843) are insufficient despite the species’ commercial importance in Karakaya Reservoir. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to acquire data on some population parameters (age, length- weight relationship, growth, fecundity and mortality) to evaluate the current status of A. vorax for a successful management plan. A total of 249 specimens (102 female and 147 male) were caught and the sex ratio was 1:1.44 (female to male). The age data was estimated from vertebra and ranged between ΙΙ and VΙΙ. Weight increase was allometrical for both sexes. Mean condition factor was CF = 0.839 ± 0.005. The von Bertalanffy growth parameter estimates were L∞ = 93.114 cm, K = 0.153 yrs-1 and to = -1.132 yrs for females, L∞ = 86.494 cm, K = 0.173 yrs-1 and to = -1.078 yrs for males and L∞ = 92.675 cm, K = 0.151 yrs-1 and to = -1. 151 yrs for all individuals. The mean fecundity was 102873. It was found that the stock of A. vorax had been overexploited (E =0.56) in Karakaya Reservoir and the fishing pressure should be reduced to achieve a sustainable fishery.

Estimates of life history parameters of the sharpspine skate, Okamejei acutispina, in the northeastern waters of Taiwan

The sharpspine skate Okamejei acutispina is one of the most abundant bycatch species of trawl fishing in the waters of northeastern Taiwan. However, its life history parameters, which are essential for stock assessment and management, are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to estimate important parameters for this species, including age, growth, age at maturity and mortality. Age estimates were derived from 652 specimens (356 females and 296 males, 9.5–33.8 cm in disc width) using vertebral band counts and verified by length-frequency analysis of 1443 specimens (768 females, 675 males) collected between October 2004 and December 2007 in waters off northeastern Taiwan. The sexes-combined relationship between body weight (W) and disc width (DW) was W = 0.0193 × DW 3.0144 ( n = 1399, p < 0.05). Edge analysis indicated that a single growth band pair (comprising translucent and opaque bands) is formed each year, with up to 11 band pairs for females and 10 band pairs for males. The Robertson growth function had the best fit for both sexes and the growth parameters including 95% confidence intervals were estimated as follows: asymptotic disc width ( DW ∞) = 32.4 (31.3–34.0) cm DW, growth coefficient ( k) = 0.367 (0.315–0.426) yr −1 for females; and DW ∞ = 28.8 (27.6–30.3) cm DW, k = 0.365 (0.311–0.424) yr −1 for males. Age at maturity was estimated to be 7.2 and 6.8 yrs for females and males, respectively, while longevity was estimated to be 13.2 and 13.3 yrs, respectively. Length-frequency analysis produced similar results, supporting the vertebral aging estimates. Total mortality was estimated to be 0.85 and 0.86 yr −1, while natural mortality was 0.32 and 0.32 yr −1 for females and males, respectively. Our study indicates that it is likely that the sharpspine skate is at the margin of optimal exploitation and therefore close monitoring and seasonal closure management of trawl fishing are recommended to ensure sustainable utilization of this stock.

Distinct Variants at LIN28B Influence Growth in Height from Birth to Adulthood

We have studied the largely unknown genetic underpinnings of height growth by using a unique resource of longitudinal childhood height data available in Finnish population cohorts. After applying GWAS mapping of potential genes influencing pubertal height growth followed by further characterization of the genetic effects on complete postnatal growth trajectories, we have identified strong association between variants near LIN28B and pubertal growth (rs7759938; female p = 4.0 x 10(-9), male p = 1.5 x 10(-4), combined p = 5.0 x 10(-11), n = 5038). Analysis of growth during early puberty confirmed an effect on the timing of the growth spurt. Correlated SNPs have previously been implicated as influencing both adult stature and age at menarche, the same alleles associating with taller height and later age of menarche in other studies as with later pubertal growth here. Additionally, a partially correlated LIN28B SNP, rs314277, has been associated previously with final height. Testing both rs7759938 and rs314277 (pairwise r(2) = 0.29) for independent effects on postnatal growth in 8903 subjects indicated that the pubertal timing-associated marker rs7759938 affects prepubertal growth in females (p = 7 x 10(-5)) and final height in males (p = 5 x 10(-4)), whereas rs314277 has sex-specific effects on growth (p for interaction = 0.005) that were distinct from those observed at rs7759938. In conclusion, partially correlated variants at LIN28B tag distinctive, complex, and sex-specific height-growth-regulating effects, influencing the entire period of postnatal growth. These findings imply a critical role for LIN28B in the regulation of human growth.

A skeletochronological estimation of age and body size by the Sichuan torrent frog (Amolops mantzorum) between two populations at different altitudes

Abstract The age and body size of Amolops mantzorum between two populations distributed in western China were estimated using skeletochronology. The age at sexual mature of individuals was be estimated 2 yrs old in males for both populations while females reached sexual maturity at 2 yrs old at the low-altitude site and 3 yrs old at the high-altitude site. The oldest males and females from the high-altitude site were 7 yrs and 10 yrs old while longevity of males reached 6 yrs and 7 yrs in females at the low-altitude site. Average age between males and females differed significantly at the high-altitude site, but it did no differ significantly at the low-altitude site. For both sexes, average age did not differ significantly between the populations. On average, adult females had significantly larger body sizes than adult males for both populations. Sexual size dimorphism from the low-altitude site and the high-altitude site was 0.280 and 0.282, respectively. Body size between the populations differed significantly within each sex. Positive correlations were found between age and body size for both sexes within each site. The growth coefficient did not differ significantly within a population both sexes or in a sex between the populations. Our findings suggest that inter-population difference in body size of the frogs seems to be related to longevity of individuals, ambient temperature and construction of dams for electricity.

Do differences in life history exist for blacktip sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus, from the United States South Atlantic Bight and Eastern Gulf of Mexico?

We examined life history traits (e.g., mean length-at-age, growth rate, age-at-maturity) for blacktip sharks collected from two separate geographical areas (eastern Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Bight) to address the potential for separate stocks in southeastern US waters. Samples were obtained from fishery-dependent and independent sources. Growth and logistic models were fitted to observed length-at-age and reproductive data, respectively. von Bertalanffy growth parameters derived for blacktip shark from the Gulf of Mexico show that they attain a statistically smaller theoretical maximum length (L ∞ = 141.6 cm vs. L ∞ = 158.5 cm for female and L ∞ = 126.0 cm FL and L ∞ = 147.4 cm FL for male) and have a faster growth rate (k = 0.24 yr−1 vs. k = 0.16 yr−1 for female and k = 0.27 yr−1 vs. k = 0.21 yr−1 for male) than conspecifics in the South Atlantic Bight. Median length- and age-at-maturity were significantly different between sex and area. Length at which 50% of the population is mature was 117.3 cm FL for females and 103.4 cm FL for males in the Gulf of Mexico and 126.6 cm FL for females and 116.7 cm FL for males in the South Atlantic Bight. Median age-at-maturity was 5.7 yrs and 4.5 yrs for females and males in the Gulf of Mexico, respectively, while age-at-maturity was 6.7 yrs for females and 5.0 yrs for males for sharks from the South Atlantic Bight. Due to varying statistical results, temporal problems of sampling, and potential for gear bias, we could not definitively conclude that differences in life history characteristics exist.

Longevity of Flammulated Owls: additional records and comparisons to other North American strigiforms

A male Flammulated Owl (Otus flammeolus), banded as a breeding adult (age unknown) on 8 July 1988 in central Colorado, was last recaptured on 8 July 2001. On the same study area, a female Flammulated Owl was banded as a breeding adult (age unknown) on 7 July 1988 and was last recaptured on 22 June 1995. These data establish longevity at a minimum 14 yrs for males and 8 yrs for females. The data suggest that Flammulated Owls may be relatively long-lived, and support evidence that this species has a life history strategy similar to larger raptors.

Survival of patients with biopsy-proven usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.

This is the first Australian study to examine survival and clinical characteristics in biopsy-proven idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. A cohort of 70 patients from a single institution between January 1990 and December 1999 was reviewed. All patients were Caucasian, 23 (33%) female. Mean age+/-SD at diagnosis was 60+/-12 yrs for males and 54+/-14 yrs for females. A total 24% of patients had never smoked. The histopathological diagnoses were usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (n=59), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (n=7), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (n=3) and acute interstitial pneumonia (n=11). Clinical and functional characteristics of the two main histological subgroups of UIP and NSIP showed significantly older patients in the UIP group and a significantly lower mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in the NSIP group. Median survival for UIP was 78 months compared with 178 months for NSIP. No survival difference between treated and untreated patients with UIP was found. Multivariate analysis revealed smoking alone to be predictive of poorer survival. This study demonstrates the best median survival for usual interstitial pneumonia of available series and confirms a survival difference between usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Furthermore, the reported results may have implications for treatment timing using conventional protocols currently recommended.

Estimation of age structure by skeletochronology of a population of Hynobius nebulosus in a breeding season (Amphibia, Urodela).

Using skeletochronology, we determined the age structure of adult Hynobius nebulosus from Kyoto in the breeding season of 1998. From previously marked individuals, the lines of arrested growth proved to be formed once per year, indicating the number of winters each salamander experienced. The age at first reproduction was estimated to be 2.8-2.9 yrs of age in males and 3.8-3.9 yrs in females. The oldest males and females were 9.8-9.9 and 5.8-5.9 yrs of age, respectively, and, therefore the longevity in this species was estimated to be more than 9 yrs for males and 5 yrs for females. The growth curve of male's body size estimated indicated that the growth rate much decreases after males attained sexual maturity. Because body sizes of adults greatly vary even within an age class, it is dangerous to estimate individual age from the size frequency data at least in adults. We discussed age properties in Hynobius by comparing lentic and lotic breeders.

Age Determination of Wrinkled Frog, Rana rugosa with Special Reference to High Variation in Postmetamorphic Body Size (Amphibia: Ranidae)

Individual ages of postmetamorphic R. rugosa from three populations of Kyoto, Japan (Gondoike, Iwakura, and Kiyotaki), were determined skeletochronologically. From recaptured individuals, one LAG was confirmed to be formed per year. In all three populations, age at sexual maturity was 1–2 yrs in males and 2–3 yrs in females, though some females matured at the age of 1 yr. Longevity was at least 4 yrs in males and 5 yrs in females. Sexual size dimorphism was conspicuous in adults, and females were invariably larger than males. Females had a larger asymptotic size than males but growth rate differed between some localities only in males. In all populations, both sexes showed high variations in SVL and the variation was even higher in juveniles than in adults. This high variation is explained by a prolonged breeding season and resultant mixture of metamorphs with and without overwintering larval stage within a population of this species.

A Comparison of Age Structures in Two Populations of a Pond Frog Rana nigromaculata (Amphibia: Anura)

Abstract Using skeletochronology, we compared age structure in the breeding season in two populations (Katata, Shiga Pref. and Shizuhara, Kyoto Pref.) of a pond frog, Rana nigromaculata from central Japan and elucidated interpopulation variation in some life history traits. Newly metamorphosed froglets were larger in SVL, heavier in body mass, and fattier in Katata than in Shizuhara. In both populations, the age at first reproduction was 2 yrs for males and 3 yrs for females. Longevity was estimated to be at least 5 and 6 yrs at Katata and Shizuhara, respectively, for both sexes. Females were on an average significantly older than males in both populations. The modal age in breeding males was 2 yrs in Katata but 4 yrs in Shizuhara, and Katata males (mean=3.27 yr) tended to be younger than Shizuhara males (mean=3.42 yr), although the difference was not significant. Similarly, females did not differ in the mean age in the two populations (4.1 yrs in both populations). In SVL, females were significantly larg...