YouTube Research Articles

Music Therapy Sessions With Older Adults on YouTube: A Content Analysis for Academic Instruction

Abstract Prior research in music therapy has examined the availability and content of YouTube videos overall and in relation to veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and pediatric medical music therapy. Anecdotally music educators use YouTube videos to provide students with clinical examples of music therapy sessions. It is unclear what clinical video content about music therapy with older adults is available. Therefore, this descriptive study aimed to examine the content of YouTube videos related to the clinical practice of music therapy with older adults for academic instruction. After conducting an initial search for music therapy clinical videos with older adults on YouTube, the authors completed a descriptive analysis of 23 videos that included clinical footage. Videos were analyzed to describe video-specific and therapy-specific content. In addition, the authors completed an exploratory analysis of diversity-specific content. Finally, the authors investigated the presence of American Music Therapy Association’s (AMTA) Competencies in clinical videos from the past 5 years (2018–2022). Results demonstrate varying amounts of video-specific, therapy-specific, and diversity-specific content leading to clinical and educational implications. The authors identify a need for future investigation of the use of videos in teaching by music therapy faculty, as well as student perceptions of music therapy content provided in clinical video clips.

Is YouTube an informational source for Indian educational resources? Analysis of YouTube videos with particular reference to e-GyanKosh and e-Pgpathshala

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic created the opportunity for various educational resources to be more widely used by learners studying remotely, including in India. This study examines the availability and type of content offered by two of the most prominent Indian educational sites on YouTube. This study included content analysis, sentiment analysis, and text mining to determine the sentiment of viewers, the trend of videos, the growth of videos, and the regions where the majority of videos were generated and uploaded, among other things. This study made use of two well-known general domain educational resources, namely eGyanKosh and E-PGpathshala. Using the channel ID of each channel, Webometric Analyst software was used to collect raw data, and R-Studio was used to analyse audience sentiments on the accessible videos. Compared to subject-specific videos, the channel e-GyanKosh uploads more generic videos, such as memorials, lectures, and professors’ talks. On the other hand, more subject-specific videos are being added to e-PGpathshala. The majority of user responses were positive, indicating that viewers are satisfied with the YouTube videos made available by these two educational resources.

Mycetoma: A critical appraisal of educational content on YouTube

Background Mycetoma is a fungal neglected tropical disease. Accurate dissemination of information is critical in endemic areas. YouTube, a popular platform for health information, hosts numerous videos on mycetoma, but the quality and reliability of these videos remain largely unassessed. Methods We used modified DISCERN and Global Quality Score (GQS) for reliability and quality respectively. Video duration, views, likes, and comments were recorded. Spearman’s rank correlation and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to identify correlations between metrices and quality scores. Results We included 73 mycetoma-related YouTube videos were analyzed, the median GQS score was 4.00 ((IQR = 3.33–4.00), indicating generally high-quality content, while the median mDISCERN score was 3.00 (IQR = 3.00–3.00) reflecting moderate reliability. Videos produced by professionals had significantly higher scores compared to those from consumer-generated content (p < 0.001). A significantly positive correlation was observed between video duration and both GQS (r = 0.417, p < 0.001) and mDISCERN (r = 0.343, p = 0.003). However, views, likes and comments did not significantly correlate with video quality. Additionally, videos longer in duration (p < 0.001) and older in upload date (p = 0.014) had higher quality scores. Conclusions The study shows that mycetoma-related videos on YouTube are generally of high quality, with moderate reliability. This emphasizes the need for expert involvement in content creation and efforts to improve health information online.

An Analysis of Code Mixing Used by Maudy Ayunda on Her Youtube Channel

This study aimed to identify and analyze the types and functions of code mixing used by Maudy Ayunda on Her YouTube Channel. Using a qualitative descriptive research design, it consist of 15 videos from Maudy’s YouTube channel. Data was collected through observation and documentation techniques, and analyzed using Hoffmann’s (1991) theory to determine the types of code mixing, and Hoffmann (1991), Saville-Troike (1986), and Holmes (2013) theories to identify the functions of code mixing. The findings showed that most frequently used types of code mixing was intra-sentential code mixing. Followed by Intra-lexical code mixing and Involving a change of pronounciation was not found in the videos. The function of emphasis was the most common function found in the videos, followed by Lexical Needs, Quoting Somebody Else, Repitition Use for Clarificayion, Talking about Particualr Topic, and Being Emphatic about Something. There are three functions which is not found on Muady’s videos are interjection, Expressing Group Identity or Solidarity, and Clarifying the Speech for the Interluctor. These findings suggest the importance of considering sociolinguistic factors in language education.

Utilizing YouTube Videos to Improve Speaking Skills in Seventh-Grade Students at MTsN 2 Kota Bengkulu

This study aimed to explore how YouTube digital videos could enhance students’ speaking skills and to identify the factors that influenced these improvements. Conducted as Classroom Action Research, the study involved 36 seventh-grade students at MTsN 02 Kota Bengkulu. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, gathering both quantitative data through speaking tests and qualitative data through observations, field notes, and interviews. The results revealed that key factors driving this improvement included increased student motivation and active participation in the learning process. Students reported feeling more confident in their speaking abilities, and the authentic language input provided by YouTube videos helped them improve their pronunciation, vocabulary, and fluency. The novelty of this study lay in applying YouTube as a pedagogical tool within an Indonesian junior high school context, specifically focusing on its impact on speaking skills. Furthermore, the study highlighted the importance of combining digital media with interactive classroom activities to create a more engaging and effective learning environment. This research contributed to the growing body of literature on digital media in education by offering practical insights into how YouTube videos could be successfully integrated into language teaching to foster speaking skill development among younger learners. The findings suggested that YouTube digital videos served as an effective medium for improving language proficiency, particularly in EFL (English as a Foreign Language) contexts, where authentic language exposure was often limited. Moreover, the study emphasized the crucial role of motivation and student engagement, offering valuable strategies for educators to implement in their classrooms to enhance student learning outcomes.

Moral Comments in Social Media: Analyzing the Role of Ideology-Matching Moral Framing and Impression Motivation in the Persuasive Effect of User Comments on YouTube

ABSTRACT This research explores how users form attitudes when they are presented with online videos and moral comments from their fellow audience. Based on the Heuristic-Systematic Model (HSM) and Moral Foundations Theory (MFT), the study aims to find out how different moral foundations represented in user comments interact with the motivational state, the political orientation, and the moral beliefs of the viewer. In two pre-registered experiments (N = 314 and N = 1015), the inclusion of moral arguments within comments below a YouTube video (harm vs. authority), their valence (positive vs. negative) and the participants’ motivational states (high vs. low impression motivation) were varied. While Experiment 1 revealed no significant effects regarding the persuasive effect of user comments and accompanying moral arguments, Experiment 2 showed a more general effect of comment valence on viewers’ attitude formation. These results help to specify the conditions under which user comments may lead individuals to construct their attitude in a way that fits the perceived majority opinion.

YouTube as a source of information in cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 2020 AHA Resuscitation Guidelines

Background The Internet has transformed global information access, particularly through platforms like YouTube, which launched in 1995 and has since become the second largest search engine worldwide with over two billion monthly users. While YouTube offers extensive educational content, including health topics like cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and basic life support (BLS), it also poses risks due to potential misinformation. Our study focuses on evaluating the accuracy of CPR and BLS videos on YouTube according to the latest 2020 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines. This research aims to highlight inconsistencies and provide insights into improving YouTube as a reliable educational resource for both lay rescuers and healthcare professionals. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, English YouTube videos uploaded between October 21, 2020, and May 1, 2023, were searched using keywords related to CPR and basic life support. Videos were assessed for their source, duration, views, use of human or mannequin models, and mean assessment scores by two emergency medicine physicians. A third physician’s opinion was sought in cases of disagreement. The first assessment evaluated video validity based on specified information criteria, while the second assessed their ability to convey advanced medical information aligned with the 2020 AHA guidelines. Results In this study, 201 English YouTube videos uploaded between October 21, 2020, and May 1, 2023, were evaluated based on search terms related to CPR and BLS, resulting in 95 videos meeting inclusion criteria after excluding 106 due to various reasons. Most included videos were from healthcare professionals (49.5%), followed by anonymous sources (29.5%) and official medical organizations (21.1%). Video durations ranged widely from 43 to 6,019 seconds, with an average of 692 seconds. Videos featuring mannequins predominated (91.6%), followed by those using human subjects (5.3%) or both (3.2%). Healthcare professional and official medical organization videos scoring significantly higher than those of unknown origin (p = 0.001). Video length did not correlate significantly with view counts, although shorter videos under 5 minutes tended to have higher average views. Discussion The results presented in this study demonstrated that English-language videos on YouTube related to BLS and CPR, throughout the study period, did not conform to the 2020 AHA guidelines in terms of providing basic information for lay rescuers. Furthermore, healthcare professionals cannot obtain advanced medical knowledge through these videos. We recommend a professional oversight mechanism in health-related videos that does not tolerate such misinformation.

An Analysis of Grammatical Cohesian on Barack Obama Speech: Discourse Analysis

This qualitative research study explores the types of grammatical cohesiveness frequently used in utterances, focusing on the relationship between theory and research as proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976). The research data is derived from former President Barack Obama's farewell speech, available on The Obama White House YouTube channel since January 11, 2017. The primary objective is to examine the presence and usage of ellipsis, reference, conjunction, and substitution in Obama's speech. Data collection employed an observational approach, with researchers watching and listening to the speech while taking notes. The analysis process involved understanding the context and categorizing the data based on Halliday and Hasan's theoretical framework, with findings presented using descriptive statistics. The study identified significant occurrences of grammatical cohesiveness, including 15 references, 10 substitutions, 4 conjunctions, and 9 ellipses in Obama's speech. These cohesive elements are instrumental in ensuring effective communication and message integration, enabling the audience to follow the speech seamlessly. By investigating grammatical cohesiveness in Obama's farewell address, this research contributes to the understanding of how theory and research interact within language use and highlights the importance of cohesive linguistic elements in conveying messages effectively.

Reimagining Communities through Transnational Bengali Decolonial Discourse with YouTube Content Creators

Colonialism--the policies and practices wherein a foreign body imposes its ways of life on local communities--has historically impacted how collectives perceive themselves in relation to others. One way colonialism has impacted how people see themselves is through nationalism, where nationalism is often understood through shared language, culture, religion, and geopolitical borders. The way colonialism has shaped people's experiences with nationalism has shaped historical conflicts between members of different nation-states for a long time. While recent social computing research has studied how colonially marginalized people can engage in discourse to decolonize or re-imagine and reclaim themselves and their communities on their own terms--what is less understood is how technology can better support decolonial discourses in an effort to re-imagine nationalism. To understand this phenomenon, this research draws on a semi-structured interview study with YouTubers who make videos about culturally Bengali people whose lives were upended as a product of colonization and are now dispersed across Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. This research seeks to understand people's motivations and strategies for engaging in video-mediated decolonial discourse in transnational contexts. We discuss how our work demonstrates the potential of the sociomateriality of decolonial discourse online and extends an invitation to foreground complexities of nationalism in social computing research.

YouTube as a source of information for parents about silver diamine fluoride.

To depict and evaluate the characteristics, engagement, content, and quality of YouTube videos containing information about silver diamine fluoride (SDF). A total of 200 YouTube™ videos were selected and screened, and the video characteristics and engagement indicators were recorded. They were then reviewed for consistency with current professional guidelines on this topic. Two independent reviewers scored the videos using a customized 8-point scoring and 5-point Global Quality Scale (GQS) to assess the content information and the overall quality of each video. These videos were further classified into good, moderate, and poor videos. Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-squared, and Spearman's correlation tests were used for the statistical analysis. 110 videos met the inclusion criteria. The median total content score was 3 (IQR = 4) and the median GQS score was 2 (IQR = 2). Less than half (n = 49; 45.5%) of the videos were uploaded by healthcare professionals. The video content was classified as good (n = 26; 23.64%), moderate (n = 43; 39.09%), and poor (n = 41; 37.27%). Good-quality videos have a significantly higher information content score than the other groups (P = 0.001). A strong correlation was found between the total content score and GQS score (rho = 0.970, P = 0.001). Longer duration, higher interaction index, and recent upload are associated with higher content and quality scores. A considerable number of videos are available on YouTube about SDF treatment and are attracting public interest. The content and quality of these videos vary widely and are related to several factors.

THE EFFECT OF USING YOUTUBE VIDEO ON THE STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT AT THE SEVENTH GRADE OF SMP SWASTA TELADAN PEMATANGSIANTAR

The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of using YouTube videos on the procedural writing skills of seventh grade students at SMP Swasta Teladan Pematangsiantar. This study focuses on the use of YouTube videos as a tool for students' writing on the topic “Making a Drink.” This study uses quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research design from Creswell. The population of this study consisted of seventh grade students of SMP Swasta Teladan Pematangsiantar, a total of 64 students. The sample of this study was divided into two groups, namely the experimental class (VII-A), consisting of 32 students who used YouTube video as a medium, and the control class (VII-B), consisting of 32 students who used only the teacher's explanation. Data were collected using writing tests for the pre-test and the final test. The researcher found that the mean of the pre-test was 52.6 in the experimental group and 56.2 in the control group. The mean of the final test in the experimental group was 75.8 and 72.1 in the control group. The t-value was determined to be 2.416, while the t-value based on degrees of freedom (df) was 1.670 for a significance level of 0.05. Since the t-value is greater than the t-value (2.416>1.671). Therefore, it can be concluded that YouTube videos have a significant impact on seventh-grade students' ability of SMP Swasta Teladan Pematangsiantar to write procedural texts.

The Eschatological Screen

“It’s gross, but satisfying when the cysts come out.”“I watch these, feeling sick to the stomach - yet still can’t stop watching!”“Just respect the guy that edited this vid. The times he had to watch this to make the right cuts.”These are a few comments published right below the screen, where from huge lipomas to massive blackheads, YouTube channel has been displaying an incredible number of videos that perform dermatological procedures as happenings.Its audience is enormous, comparable in number of viewers to those of porn videos, and it is precisely their similar aspects and analogies, that comprehend the visual language and strategies of shooting and editing and the capacity of snatching spectators that this article intends to explore.One of our premises is the fact that medical interventions contents that display close up skins being cut and stitched, bleeding, squirting pus and other matters are permitted and porn material is not. Is there an ethical difference to the issue of voyeurism of other people’s bodies which both target at?Their main difference, though, is that one occupies space in a public institutional channel. Google purchased YouTube from their original creators by the end of 2006 for US$ 1,65 Billion, and as Time Magazine put it then, when electing YouTube as the best invention of the year for, among other reasons: “create a new way for millions of people to get entertained, get educated and be shocked in a way never seen before”.

Exploring Sentiment Analysis for the Indonesian Presidential Election Through Online Reviews Using Multi-Label Classification with a Deep Learning Algorithm

Presidential elections are an important political event that often trigger intense debate. With more than 139 million users, YouTube serves as a significant platform for understanding public opinion through sentiment analysis. This study aimed to implement deep learning techniques for a multi-label sentiment analysis of comments on YouTube videos related to the 2024 Indonesian presidential election. Offering a fresh perspective compared to previous research that primarily employed traditional classification methods, this study classifies comments into eight emotional labels: anger, anticipation, disgust, joy, fear, sadness, surprise, and trust. By focusing on the emotional spectrum, this study provides a more nuanced understanding of public sentiment towards presidential candidates. The CRISP-DM method is applied, encompassing stages of business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling, evaluation, and deployment, ensuring a systematic and comprehensive approach. This study employs a dataset comprising 32,000 comments, obtained via YouTube Data API, from the KPU and Najwa Shihab channels. The analysis is specifically centered on comments related to presidential candidate debates. Three deep learning models—Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), and a hybrid model combining CNN and Bi-LSTM—are assessed using confusion matrix, Area Under the Curve (AUC), and Hamming loss metrics. The evaluation results demonstrate that the Bi-LSTM model achieved the highest accuracy with an AUC value of 0.91 and a Hamming loss of 0.08, indicating an excellent ability to classify sentiment with high precision and a low error rate. This innovative approach to multi-label sentiment analysis in the context of the 2024 Indonesian presidential election expands the insights into public sentiment towards candidates, offering valuable implications for political campaign strategies. Additionally, this research contributes to the fields of natural language processing and data mining by addressing the challenges associated with multi-label sentiment analysis.

Information Correspondence on Automatic Translation (Closed Caption) of Speeches on The White House Youtube Channel

This study examines the information correspondence between the source and target language by analyzing the translation equivalence according to Nida and Taber’s theory. This project aims to analyze transcript data from a speech video on The White House YouTube channel. This study employs a qualitative descriptive methodology. Data was obtained using note-taking and transcription methods, then processed in three stages: reduction, presentation, and verification. Based on the findings; there are 110 data (55.8%) which are dominated by Formal equivalence, whereas 73 data (37%) are classified as Dynamic equivalence. Meanwhile, 14 data sets (7.1%) contain errors in the translation. As for the conformity of information, out of 197 data, only 14 data show errors or inconsistencies in essential areas such, proper nouns, terms, and keywords. Other translation information produced 74 data that captured meaning and emotional nuances related to the cultural context, and 109 data that maintained the structure of the translated text using a literal approach, resulting in stiff, awkward, and strange translations.

Content Analysis of Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine-Related Videos on YouTube in Japan

This study aimed to describe the YouTube content on Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccines by analyzing the related Japanese videos in context of the account characteristics, attitude toward the vaccine, and thumbnail characteristics. Relevant videos with keywords “HPV vaccine” and “cervical cancer vaccine” uploaded before November 11, 2021 were collected and coded. The findings showed that as of November 11, 2021, positive and negative attitude videos regarding HPV vaccines accounted for approximately 44% of Japanese YouTube videos. In the year 2013, an increase in negative videos was observed, while from 2019 onwards, majority of the videos uploaded showed positive attitudes toward the vaccine. Videos with negative tones generally used the term "cervical cancer vaccines.” Most negative videos were uploaded by individual accounts, whereas all videos uploaded by medical workers were positive or neutral. Only four videos mentioned side effect compensation. The most frequently used thumbnails were photographs of people who appeared in the videos. Compared to English YouTube, there are fewer anti-vaccine videos in Japan, and there is also a lack of videos uploaded by credible authorities. Future research focusing on other platforms and the accuracy of video content should be included.

Family conflict and less parental monitoring were associated with greater screen time in early adolescence.

The current study investigated the prospective relationships between parental monitoring, family conflict, and screen time across six screen time modalities in early adolescents in the USA. We utilised prospective cohort data of children (ages 10-14 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (years baseline to Year 2 of follow-up; 2016-2020; N = 10 757). Adjusted coefficients (B) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using mixed-effect models with robust standard errors. A higher parental monitoring score was associated with less total screen time (B = -0.37, 95% CI -0.58, -0.16), with the strongest associations being with video games and YouTube videos. Conversely, a higher family conflict score was associated with more total screen time (B = 0.08, 95% CI 0.03, 0.12), with the strongest associations being with YouTube videos, video games, and watching television shows/movies in Years 1 and 2. The current study found that greater parental monitoring was associated with less screen time, while greater family conflict was linked to more screen time. These results may inform strategies to reduce screen time in adolescence, such as improving communication between parents and their children to strengthen family relationships.

The research of the factors that influence the popularity of YouTube videos

Abstract. A variety of factors contribute to the multifaceted phenomenon of YouTube video popularity. An understanding of these factors is essential for content providers, marketers, and platform designers to enhance audience engagement and enjoyment. The objective of this study is to examine the critical factors that influence the popularity of YouTube videos, including thumbnail design, video content, title and description optimization, audience participation, and social media marketing. This study aims to analyze the main determinants of YouTube video popularity and offer practical recommendations for enhancing video performance. This paper uses correlation analysis and multiple linear regression on this problem. This will be achieved via an extensive assessment of relevant literature and the use of statistical analysis. The results shows that there are several significant variables that influence the popularity of YouTube videos. The results will facilitate a deeper understanding of the patterns in which digital material is consumed and provide practical suggestions for improving the exposure of films and retaining audience attention on YouTube.

A Conversation with Ana María Martínez

Abstract: In a video interview with Journal of Singing Associate Editor Melissa Treinkman on April 22, 2024, Ana María Martínez discussed her thirty-year operatic career that continues to flourish. She described her musical upbringing, shared advice regarding repertoire choice, and emphasized the importance of finding a sense of purpose. A QR code is included at the end of the article which contains the link to the recorded interview with Ana María Martínez, posted on the NATS YouTube channel.

ACHIEVING THE LEGAL OBJECTIVE OF WITHHOLDING INCOME TAX ON FOREIGN YOUTUBE VIDEO CREATORS FOR VIDEO UTILIZATION INCOME SOURCED IN INDONESIA

<p>One of the digital economy transactions is the transaction on YouTube monetization received by video creators based on viewers in a source country. Overseas video creators do not pay Income Tax (PPh) in Indonesia on income from Youtube videos sourced in Indonesia because there is no physical presence of the video creator in Indonesia and no identified income as a tax object on which the Indonesian tax authorities impose PPh on the overseas video creator. This condition creates legal uncertainty, injustice, and loss of benefit for Indonesia as a source country due to the loss of potential PPh revenue from the digital market. Currently, Article 32A of the General Provisions and Tax Procedures (KUP) Law has provided a formal tax law to be able to appoint other parties as PPh withholders. However, the implementation is not yet possible because the material tax law is not yet sufficient to designate other parties, such as Google, which are not domiciled and have no permanent establishment in Indonesia as PPh withholders. To achieve legal objectives, the PPh Law as material tax law needs to be strengthened to provide legal certainty in the PPh withholding on foreign video creators and create justice and benefits for Indonesia as one of the source countries for video creators' income. Strengthening the PPh Law is conducted by amending the provisions of Article 26, Article 2 paragraph (4), and Article 4. The amendment to the PPh Law does not result in revisions of the P3B Indonesia and other countries since the allocation of taxation rights for royalty income from the source country has been regulated in the P3B. Furthermore, the government could make implementing regulations regarding the PPh withholding by other parties on income from the utilization of content copyrights received by YouTube video creators.</p>

ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN BAHASA JAKSEL PADA VIDEO BERJUDUL ‘LANGUAGE BARRIERS, CULTURE SHOCK & TCK IDENTITY CRISIS FT. MELLA CARLI’ DI YOUTUBE: KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK CAMPUR KODE

In the video "Language Barriers, Culture Shock &; TCK Identity Crisis ft. Mella Carli" on the YouTube channel "The Indah G Show," the use of the Jaksel (South Jakarta) language in sociolinguistic contexts is examined in this article. In order to comprehend how the host, Indah G, and her invited guest, Mella Carli, utilize Jaksel language in their interactions, this study employs a code-mixed sociolinguistic study approach. Analysis of the video's conversational content and transcription are part of the research methodology. The examination's findings demonstrated that Jaksel frequently utilized his language in casual talks, jokes, and professions of respect. In other cases where formality or clarity are required, mixed code using standard Indonesian is used. Identifying the social and cultural elements that support the usage of Jaksel language in this setting is another goal of this study.