Representations Of Youth Research Articles

Systemic Inequities in Identification and Representation of Black Youth with Gifts and Talents: Access, Equity, and Missingness in Urban and Other School Locales

Recognizing civil unrest linked to systemic institutional inequity and gentrification of urban centers, this study examined access to, equity in, and missingness from gifted education of Black youth. With more than 80% of Black youth educated in cities and suburbs, underrepresentation in gifted programs plague urban centers. Examination of OCR Data by Title I School status revealed 45% fewer Black students identified in Title I Schools. Additionally, in every state and school locale, Black youth were underidentified on average by 50%. In 2016, 276,840 Black students were identified as gifted, with as many as 771,728 (73.60%) missing from identification.

How young adult videogames materialize senses of self through ludonarrative affects: understanding identity and embodiment through sociomaterial analysis

ABSTRACT This article contributes a novel mode of sociomaterial analysis that develops critical methodologies to analyze how videogames participate in the production of affect during gameplay. The authors report on a multi-year international study addressing representations of youth in Young Adult Videogames (YA Games), or games played through the perspective of an adolescent. Over 450 hours of gameplay, researchers used ludo-narratological concepts to create a novel methodological approach to critical game analysis through which player-researchers attune themselves to the affects of ludonarrative harmony and dissonance as units of analysis, asking: How do moments of ludonarrative harmony and dissonance in YA Games produce senses of being an adolescent? Analyzing how ludonarratives participate in the production of affect in YA Games foregrounded social constructions of youth, including experiences with mental health. Implications for attending to affect in videogame criticism are discussed, as well as pedagogies for focusing on adolescents’ affective attunement to ludonarratives.

Muslim YouTubers in Turkey and the Authoritarian Male Gaze on YouTube

The increased digitalization in today’s world, including social interactions online, as well as digital practices and performances, has a significant impact on the identity formation of youth and reflects their self-representation in society and the global world. This article examines how gender identities shape online representations of religious youth in Turkey. To this end, this study particularly focuses on young Muslim YouTubers whose religious identity appears either as a part of their images (i.e., veiled women/hijabi YouTubers) or through the contents they create (Muslim male YouTubers). Presenting similarities and divergences between online representations of Muslim YouTubers, this study sheds light on how Muslim youth express religiosity as a part of their online identities through the digital content they create. Furthermore, this analysis explores different modes of utilization of YouTube by young female and male Muslims as manifested through their videos. Following Schiffer’s categorization of the functionality of objects, I will argue that socialization and individuality are highly prioritized in the contents created by hijabi YouTubers. At the same time, an ideological and authoritarian perspective becomes prominent among the YouTube videos created by Muslim male YouTubers in Turkey.

Gender, culture and morality: A case study of young people’s negotiations of sexual intimacy online

This study adds to the existing literature on mediated sexual intimacy by exploring young people’s negotiations of sexual self-representations online within a culturally diverse sample. We apply a discourse-theoretical analysis to the data gathered using our visual creative methodology consisting of six focus groups with youngsters between the ages of 13 and 20 years old (N = 57). Although the representation of youth in public and academic discourses is often White, gendered and heteronormative, diversity is growing within digital youth cultures. Our analysis shows that this diversity affects the moral negotiations of young people by providing specific understandings of gender in relation to ethnic–cultural and religious identities.

Transgression vs the Politically Correct: Phases and Faces of a Core Category in Children’s Literature

It seems that in recent years criticism has been eagerly focusing on ‘transgression’ and ‘transgressive’ as keywords that enlarge the epistemic horizon, allowing the scholar’s gaze to descry areas previously untouched, or explored with a different cultural bias. In the literary domain, as an intentional act that involves trespassing, and the breaking of rules performed in explicit ways, transgression is often linked to language and form, and also to questions of gender, politics, social behaviour. The following articles, while dwelling on transgression, locate it within the area of children’s fiction, thus operating a first preliminary transgression, inasmuch as this kind of literature has been traditionally moulded by the romantic and pastoral fallacy of childhood as an innocent, untainted, happy condition, and, in turn, by the Victorian cult of the child that thrived on aesthetically idealized representations of childhood and youth, teeming with sound moral principles, healthy didacticism, excellent examples of virtue.

Media representations of young people during pandemic times in Turkey

ABSTRACT This study discusses patterns of media representations of Turkish youth during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially, during the early lockdowns. We focus on media narratives as discursive practices, with the pandemic being the main object of these narratives. Building upon a thematic analysis of mainstream news media, we suggest that discursive representations portray young people along the axis of responsibilities and vulnerabilities. Along this axis, there lie three types of representations: (i) responsibilization of youth to deal with the health crisis, (ii) socio-economic vulnerabilities, and (iii) socio-cultural impoverishment. Viewing through this lens, we argue that representations of youth in news media during pandemic times maintain the recurrent figures of the youth that are conceived through the terms of the ‘myth of youth’ and ‘denied citizenship’ at the same time. To the extent that young people are recognized and praised as instrumental figures of crisis management, their vulnerabilities are partially or completely disregarded. Thus, youth in pandemic times emerges as a figure that is both instrumentalized and obscured.

Who’s striking, and who’s not? Avoiding and acknowledging bias in youth climate activism research

AbstractThe School Strike 4 Climate is a timely opportunity for education and research sectors to support youth stories in climate change policy, and foster impactful relationships between researchers, teachers and students. But much research in this space has inherent selection biases where youth representation in research is limited by place (such as attendance at a protest), snowball sampling (often within already engaged groups) or through education channels (such as private or independent schools), ultimately leading to unrepresentative response samples. This comment explores the challenges and opportunities for equitable inclusion of teenage voices in environmental research, including some practical approaches (such as inclusion of public schools) to ensure more diverse samples are represented. Implications for how the existing body of research should be viewed is discussed, highlighting an existing lack of representation of students that do not overtly engage with climate activism or School Strikes.

Intergenerational trauma: Parental PTSD and parent-reported child abuse subtypes differentially relate to admission characteristics in the autism inpatient collection.

Autistic youth experience high rates of maltreatment. Little research has considered how distinct abuse dimensions differentially relate to meaningful outcomes, nor taken an intergenerational approach to consider how caregiver trauma and child maltreatment are related. This study sought to identify how parent-reported child abuse subtypes and parent posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) relate to each other and to admission characteristics upon inpatient service entry. Autistic youth (N=527; 79% White, 21.3% girls, mean age=12.94 years) participated in the autism inpatient collection. Parents reported on child abuse subtypes (physical, sexual, emotional) and their own PTSD, child behavior and emergency services, and parenting stress. Youth of parents with PTSD were nearly three times more likely to have parent-reported physical and emotional abuse. Autistic girls were more likely to experience parent-reported sexual abuse and a higher number of subtypes. Lower income related to higher rates of parent-reported child emotional abuse and parent PTSD. Emotional abuse associated with child behavior whereas both child physical and emotional abuse related to emergency services. Reported parent PTSD associated with child behavior and parental distress. When considered jointly, parent PTSD and number of parent-reported child abuse subtypes differentially related to child behavior and interacted to predict psychiatric hospitalizations. Intergenerational continuity of trauma is important to consider among autistic youth, and both parent-reported child abuse and parent PTSD relate to admission characteristics. Critical limitations include reliance on binary parent reports of child abuse and parent PTSD and the low representation of youth of minoritized identities. Implications for trauma-informed care are discussed. LAY SUMMARY: Autistic youth whose parents had reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were nearly three times more likely to have experienced parent-reported physical and emotional abuse. Parent-reported child emotional abuse uniquely related to child behavioral concerns whereas both physical and emotional abuse related to higher emergency services. Parent PTSD also related to admission characteristics, showing that intergenerational continuity of trauma is critical to consider for understanding child maltreatment among autistic youth.

Вехи эволюции региональной представительной власти в Ростовской области (1985-2022 гг.)

Aim. The article aims at conducting historical and political analysis of the functioning of representative authorities in one of the largest constituent entities of the Russian Federation - the Rostov Region from the beginning of perestroika to the present (1985–2022). In the 37-year historical range under consideration, a number of stages is distinguished, within the framework of which significant political changes took place: both personnel and in the activities of the regional parliament.Methodology. A wide range of historical and political sources characterizing the dynamics of development and the functioning of the regional parliament was analyzed. The work applied comparative and retrospective analysis methods, as well as an institutional approach.Results. On the basis of the conducted research, several stages of the functioning of the Don parliament were determined. The representative body (the Regional Council of People’s Deputies, the Legislative Assembly of the Rostov region) differentially implemented in its activities the functions peculiar to parliamentary structures (representative, control, legislative activity, personnel and leadership), occupied both key and dependent roles in the regional political system, was formed by means of electoral models modified depending on the established legislative models. In the course of the study, the place and role of party participation in the deputy corps of the representative authority in the Rostov region were determined, a detailed description of the composition of the regional authority of various deputy convocations was given, the dynamics in the representation of women and youth in the ranks of parliamentarians was traced.Research implications. The conducted research analyzes for the first time the order of functioning of a representative regional authority in the specified historical range. The conclusions made by the author allow us to determine the contours of further evolution and improvement of the activities of the regional parliament of the Rostov region.

Play: A Historical and Cultural Approach

The article examines the historical dynamics of the theoretical and methodological approaches to the essence of play and their significance in modern scholarship and culture. The role of play in the philosophy of ancient times is highlighted. Classical playing theories are presented: Friedrich Schiller’s and Herbert Spencer’s theories of surplus forces, Richard Lazarus’ theory of recuperation, Karl Groos’ theory of exercise and G. Stanley Hall’s theory of recapitulation. Play (as a way to achieve pleasure) is examined through Karl Bühler’s theory. We pay attention to Freud’s psychodynamic theory in the context of understanding play, as well as the views of Erickson and Winnicott. Bateson’s metacommunicative theory is singled out separately. The theory of cognitive development by Piaget and Vygotsky pays special attention to the consideration of approaches to the understanding of play. The role of play in the context of pedagogical, cultural, and anthropological research is presented. Due to the analysis of the presented theories, we made the conclusion about the role of play in present-day culture. The study aims to find out the meaning of play in the representation of modern youth. To solve the tasks set, we used the sociological research method. As a result, we surveyed the young people of the city. This survey allowed us to understand the place of play in modern young people’s lives and reveal its attitude to gaming activities. With the help of a survey, we identified such essential functions of play as relaxation and entertainment. The least important of these was the psycho-technical function. Computer and desktop games were recognized as the most popular types of play among modern young people. The least interest among respondents is caused by such a type of play as gambling. This work is only an initial stage in the study. We plan to continue the study on a representative sample.

THE NATIONAL HERITAGE OF THE USSR IN YOUNG PEOPLE’S VIEWS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS

The article reviews the representations of youth of the North Caucasus of the Soviet national-state heritage and national policy, and their role in the formation of Russian identity. The goal is to study ideas of young people about the Soviet historical heritage, and to determine the similarities and differences in the ideas of the youth of the Russian and Caucasian peoples about Soviet identity and values and the national policy of the USSR. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is made up of main approaches and concepts of foreign and Russian scholars of the problem of the formation of civil nations and the role of ideas about the historical in the formation of national-state identity. The empirical basis is sociological research consisting of ideas and views of young people in the North Caucasus in the field of Soviet historical heritage. It can be assumed that the role of ideas about the Soviet era in the formation of the national-state identity of modern youth in the North Caucasus is important for the majority of respondents. A number of traditional values of the Soviet era, such as a respect for the person of labor, social equality, and the comprehensive development of the individual guaranteed by the state are still important for today's youth. Most young people do not remember the achievements and shortcomings of the Soviet nationality policy in the region. In general, the study with a high degree of probability indicates that that Soviet national-state heritage is an important factor in the formation of the identity of the modern youth of the North Caucasus. The harmonization of interethnic relations and the formation of interethnic harmony among young people are largely determined by their attitudes to the Soviet historical heritage. Further work in forming a single conceptual basis for the policy of historical memory for a multiethnic region is still necessary, as is more consistency in the work of government bodies for its implementation. Representations of history should be of a consolidating nature, contributing to the formation of historical continuity and general guidelines for the national identity of young people.

Does the Introduction of Online Voting Create Diversity in Representation?

The Internet’s effect on political communication is omnipresent. However, very few jurisdictions around the globe allow their citizens to cast their ballot online. What are the electoral consequences of this reform? Research, so far, has mainly looked at security considerations and effects on turnout. In this research note, we broaden the scope of prior studies by examining the effect of online voting on diversity in representation. Using the voting results of municipalities in the Canadian province of Ontario both before and after the implementation of online voting, we test whether this reform has increased the representation of women and youth. We do not find that Internet voting has any significant impact on which candidates are elected, with both the gender and age of elected mayors being constant across online and traditional elections. We further find that the number of woman candidates does not increase with online voting.

Social representations, human capital and knowledge production in the Covid-19 era

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Who are the Young People Who Engage as Youth Representatives? Routes into Formal Youth Participation

Abstract Young people’s participation—or lack thereof—has been an area of broad debate in youth policy in recent decades. A key argument is that young people’s participation is seen as vital for the future of democracy (as young people are seen as the future of societies) and that youth policies need to establish youth representation structures where young people learn democratic citizenship like youth councils or youth parliaments. However, there is some ambivalence associated with such forms of participation. On the one hand, only a minority of young people seem to consider them a ‘real’ opportunity for influence, while, on the other hand, analysis has revealed the paternalistic structures of such adult-led youth participation. Both require and contribute to the reproduction of a specific adult citizenship habitus. Indeed, some young people participate in youth representation which we refer to as ‘formal participation’. The aim of this paper is to understand why and how these young people actually engage in institutionalised forms of youth participation that according to most of their peers are ineffective and irrelevant. Research has been limited on this question to date, although—as we argue—such knowledge not only identifies the conditions and requirements under which young people follow the call of being ‘made’ citizens (Hall et al., 1999) but also sheds light on why so many young people do not participate in formal youth participation that they feel does not fit their needs and interests. Based on qualitative interviews with young people involved in different forms of youth representation in three different European cities conducted in the context of a European research project, the paper adopts a biographical approach and aims to answer the question of what makes young people become and stay involved in youth councils, youth parliaments, and/or youth organisations. Against the background of exemplary biographical cases, key dimensions of formal participation biographies are elaborated that explain why certain young people are attracted to rather than deterred from acquiring an adult citizenship habitus. A key finding is that such biographies are not so much the result of value-driven education processes but are functional for coping with specific biographical constellations.

Activities of the state Authorities of the Russian Federation on the Formation of Historical Representations of student Youth in the Post-soviet Period

The article is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the Russian state policy in the feld of historical education of students since 1991 The process of forming historical ideas is studied in the context of changing ideological accents in the federal government’s policy and the global political situation In particular, it is noted that under the influence of political and socio-economic transformations, the historical priorities of the Russian government have gone from radical liberalism to moderate patriotism and “soil” conservatism These trends are reflected in both professional historical science and historical journalism.

Racial moral panic and African youth in Australia

Since the mid-1980s, Australia has resettled thousands of African refugees. This paper focuses on the racialization of youth violence and the damage it sustains on refugee-background young Africans. The discussion proceeds in two interrelated stages. In the first stage, to understand the representation of African youth in the public sphere, the paper reviews the relevant literature, media headlines, and political commentaries. In so doing, it establishes that the continual framing of African youth as dangerous and violence-prone by conservative politicians and media outlets amounts to racial moral panic. In the second stage, guided by narrative research methodology, a small group of young Africans were invited to reflect on their everyday life under racialized frames. Accounts of the youth are presented under four themes: the presumption of guilt, emotional ill-being, opportunity hoarding, and the permanence of otherness. It is argued that, if left unaddressed, the racialization of youth violence can diminish the integration outcomes of African youth.

“I’m So Happy I’m Here Tonight”

How valuable is youth artistry in Toronto theatrical productions? How important is including diverse and under-represented youths at cornerstone theatre festivals like SummerWorks? What are the barriers to youth theatre? In our article, we explore these questions by examining the AMY (Artists Mentoring Youth) Project, which seeks to provide accessible performing arts training and creation programs to women and non-binary youth from equity-seeking communities. In addition to examining the relationship the mentors of the program have with the participants, we look at how vital youth representation is at SummerWorks. The AMY Project works to break down barriers that are often felt by youths in performing arts, and, as a result, young people produce socially engaging work that is well received and necessary to the festival and the Toronto theatre community.

Youth representations of environmental protest

A necessary condition for a functioning democracy is the participation of its citizens, including its youth. This is particularly true for political participation in environmental decisions, because these decisions can have intergenerational consequences. In this article we examine young people’s beliefs about one form of political participation—protest—in the context of communities affected by fracking and associated anti‐fracking protest, and discuss the implications of these representations for education. Drawing on focus groups with 121 young people (aged 15–19) in five schools and colleges near sites which have experienced anti‐fracking protest in England and Northern Ireland, we find young people well‐informed about avenues for formal and non‐formal political participation against a background of disillusionment with formal political processes and varying levels of support for protest. We find representations of protest as disruptive, divisive, extreme, less desirable than other forms of participation and ineffective in bringing about change but effective in awareness‐raising. These representations are challenging, not least because the way protest is interpreted is critical to the way people think and act in the world. These representations of environmental protest must be challenged through formal education in order to safeguard the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and ensure that the spirit of Article 11 of the UK Human Rights Act is protected.

Clinical Trial of an AI-Augmented Intervention for HIV Prevention in Youth Experiencing Homelessness

Youth experiencing homelessness (YEH) are subject to substantially greater risk of HIV infection, compounded both by their lack of access to stable housing and the disproportionate representation of youth of marginalized racial, ethnic, and gender identity groups among YEH. A key goal for health equity is to improve adoption of protective behaviors in this population. One promising strategy for intervention is to recruit peer leaders from the population of YEH to promote behaviors such as condom usage and regular HIV testing to their social contacts. This raises a computational question: which youth should be selected as peer leaders to maximize the overall impact of the intervention? We developed an artificial intelligence system to optimize such social network interventions in a community health setting. We conducted a clinical trial enrolling 713 YEH at drop-in centers in a large US city. The clinical trial compared interventions planned with the algorithm to those where the highest-degree nodes in the youths' social network were recruited as peer leaders (the standard method in public health) and to an observation-only control group. Results from the clinical trial show that youth in the AI group experience statistically significant reductions in key risk behaviors for HIV transmission, while those in the other groups do not. This provides, to our knowledge, the first empirical validation of the usage of AI methods to optimize social network interventions for health. We conclude by discussing lessons learned over the course of the project which may inform future attempts to use AI in community-level interventions.

Review of The Library Screen Scene: Film and Media Literacy in Schools, Colleges, and Communities

AbstractThis forum reviews a mix of resources to inform pedagogy and related educational practices that foreground representations of youth and their literacy practices within and outside of school.