Youth Sexual Behavior Research Articles

Caregiver-Youth Communication Patterns and Sexual and Reproductive Health Among American Indian Youth

Improving communication between American Indian caregivers and their youth has been suggested as an Indigenous-forward strategy to help alleviate the sexual and reproductive health (SRH) disparities faced by American Indian youth as a result of the legacy of colonial violence against American Indian communities. Studies with non-American Indian and American Indian populations suggest that effective communication about SRH between parents and youth plays a role in reducing sexual risk behaviors among youth. There is limited research that examines youth sexual risk behaviors in relation to communication patterns separately assessed in caregivers and youth. The current study aimed to examine the association between caregiver-youth communication patterns and engagement in sex, age at sexual debut, and condom use among American Indian youth in the United States. The study draws on baseline caregiver and youth data collected from Nen ŨnkUmbi/EdaHiYedo, a stepped wedge design trial with American Indian youth living on the Fort Peck Reservation in Montana. 113 caregiver responses were matched to 145 youth for the current study. Caregiver-youth communication patterns were examined in relation to youth engagement in sex, age at sexual debut, and number of protected acts of vaginal and/or anal sex. Multivariable models were used to adjust for confounders and to examine relationships between caregiver-youth communication and youth sexual risk outcomes. An increase in overall level of self-reported youth communication with caregivers about sexual and reproductive health topics was significantly associated with a greater likelihood of youth ever having engaged in sex. A significant interaction effect between youth communication and convergence with caregiver response was observed for the number of protected acts of vaginal and/or anal sex, where caregiver communication (regardless of self-reported youth communication with caregivers) was associated with a greater number of protected sex acts. This study fills a gap in the extant literature by reporting on relationships between communication about SRH, assessed separately in caregivers and youth, and youth sexual risk behaviors. Findings emphasize the importance of involving American Indian caregivers in SRH interventions to improve SRH outcomes among American Indian youth, and inform future experimental research that will evaluate how changes in caregiver communication potentially impact youth SRH.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ У ЮНОШЕЙ ЗДОРОВЬЕСБЕРЕГАЮЩЕГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ В ОБЛАСТИ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ

The ultra-low birth rate in modern society is the leading cause of depopulation. Changing the standard of youth sexual behavior should be regarded as one of the main ways to preserve the reproductive potential and social stability of the state. The development of methods of preventive work on the formation of health-saving behavior in the reproductive sphere in most works concerns girls. The absence of a socio-hygienic model for the formation of health-saving behavior in the reproductive sphere among young men was the rationale for the development of such a model by the specialists of the children’s polyclinic. The purpose of this work was to present the experience of developing and implementing a socio-hygienic medical-organizational technology for the formation of health protection in young men in the reproductive sphere. Results. The rationale for the development of a socio-hygienic model was the results of a preliminary medical and sociological study – a survey of young men and their parents: a high proportion of sexually active young men with an early sexual debut, using unprotected intercourse, the prevalence of promiscuity against the background of a low level of knowledge about reproductive health, motivation for health protection in the reproductive sphere and the insufficient role of the family in the issues of sexual education of adolescents; a high level of agreement among the parents of young men about the need to involve competent specialists, doctors and psychologists, in the systematic and planned work on the sexual education of their sons. The social and hygienic model was developed on the basis of an interdepartmental and interprofessional approach with the participation of children’s polyclinic doctors, teachers, psychologists and social workers. Structurally and functionally, the model corresponds to the educational cluster, assumes a stage-by-stage implementation of activities, and includes as the main component the innovative educational program “Young Gentleman’s School” within the framework of the School of Reproductive Health for Boys, implemented on the basis of secondary schools territorially attached to the children’s polyclinic. Participation in the program of the School of Reproductive Health for Boys during one academic year was accompanied by an increase in the level of knowledge about reproductive health and a ranked level of motivation of adolescents to preserve health in the reproductive sphere, a smaller increase in the proportion of sexually active boys and a relative increase in those who use protected sexual intercourse among them. Conclusion. The development and implementation of a social and hygienic model for the formation of health savings in the reproductive sphere among young men and the implementation of the innovative educational program “Young Gentleman’s School” are medical and organizational technology for managing health savings in this area. Increasing the level of motivation of young men to preserve reproductive health through obtaining reliable and complete information from competent specialists – a pediatric urologist-andrologist and a psychologist, contributes to the formation of health-saving sexual behavior.

The personal, local and global influences on youth sexual behaviors in a traditional society

Most youth, including those living in traditional societies, have virtually unlimited access to information through global media. These technological advances of the past few decades and the unique situation of traditional societies did not exist when frameworks, such as the Human Ecological Systems Model, were designed. As a result, an adaptation of this framework, called the Galaxy Model (GM), was created to guide this study on youth sexuality in a traditional society. Using a community-based participatory approach and a cross-sectional design, this study examined the personal, local and global influences on sexual behavior and recruited 558 Palestinian-Israeli youth, ages 16–18 years old from five different high schools. The anonymized questionnaire only included measures approved by the study's community advisory board comprising representatives from the Palestinian-Israeli traditional society. Among youth, approximately 44 % reported sexual behaviors such as use of pornography, intimate physical contact, and sexual intercourse. Although the GM exhibited good model fit predicting sexual behavior (p < 0.001) for youth living in a traditional society, most variance was explained by the personal (e.g., self-esteem, religiosity) and local (e.g., family, school) influences, rather than by global influences (e.g., internet, cultural dissonance). Accordingly, culturally- and socially-appropriate services must be created for this population of youth.

The Reach, Implementation, and Effectiveness of Virtual Sex Education for Foster Care Youth

Background and Objective: Foster care youth have high rates of adverse sexual health outcomes (i.e. STIs, teen pregnancy, sexual trauma), and are important targets for evidence-based sex education.With the COVID-19 pandemic, sex education programming was moved to a virtual format. However, few data existed to guide this transition. We conducted a mixed-methods analysis of the reach, implementation, and effectiveness of virtual vs in-person sex education for foster care youth before, after, and during the COVID-19 pandemic. &#x0D; Methods: Indiana Proud and Connected Teens (IN-PACT) provided three evidenced-based programs to system-involved youth. The data used in this study includes facilitator forms (n=64) from 2020-2021 virtual programming and youth surveys from 2018-2020 representing in-person (n=965) and virtual (n=50) delivery. Reach was measured using youth survey demographics and sexual behaviors; implementation by free responses from facilitators on challenges and adaptation for virtual teaching; and effectiveness by youth behavior intention and attendance records.&#x0D; Results:Reach: demographic diversity was maintained for virtual programs, but youth in virtual programs had lower rates of risk behaviors.Implementation: technical, curricular, and relational challenges were experienced and these inspired creative solutions. The sensitivity of the topics likely contributed to relational challenges such as decreased group trust.&#x0D; Effectiveness: more virtual youth planned to be abstinent in the future, however they had less sexual experience to start with. Fewer youth completed more than 75% of virtual programming as compared to in-person. Conclusions and Impact: In-person sex education programming has a wider reach, experiences less implementation challenges, and holds better attendance records than virtual programming. However, if virtual programming becomes necessary again from a public health perspective, sex educators and researchers can build on these findings to design virtual sex education that maintains the reach, implementation, and effectiveness of in-person formats.

The effect of Delphi method-based survey on shared problem awareness Consensus formation among concerned practitioners regarding the importance of assessment items on youth sexual problematic behavior

The effect of Delphi method-based survey on shared problem awareness Consensus formation among concerned practitioners regarding the importance of assessment items on youth sexual problematic behavior

Conceptual Overview (Portrayals of Sexuality in Pornography)

Conceptual Overview (Portrayals of Sexuality in Pornography)

Effects of a School-Based Drug Prevention Program on Sexual Risk Behavior Among Adolescents in Brazilian Schools.

Sexual risk behaviors are closely related to the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other illicit drugs as well as teen dating violence. School-based drug prevention programs that teach social and personal skills could potentially also reduce sexual risk behaviors. We examined the effects of the #Tamojunto program on youth sexual risk behaviors. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 6391 7th and 8th grade students in 72 public schools in six Brazilian cities. Baseline data were collected prior to program implementation. Two waves of follow-up assessments occurred after 9 and 21months. Analyses were performed taking into account the multilevel structure of the data. We used intention-to-treat to evaluate changes in the prevalence of sexual risk behaviors over time and between groups. Adolescent age ranged from 11 to 15years, with a mean of 12.6 ± 0.8years, and 51.0% were female. Among all participants, receipt of #Tamojunto was associated with higher risk of lifetime sex at 21months follow-up (OR 1.27, 95% CI [1.03, 1.56]). Among girls, at 9months follow-up, the program was associated with higher likelihood of having engaged in sex in the last month (OR 1.76, 95% CI [1.13, 2.74]). At 21months follow-up, girls receiving the program were more likely to report engaging in condomless sex in the last month (OR 1.64, 95% CI [1.07, 2.50]). #Tamojunto may be ineffective and possibly harmful for preventing sexual risk behaviors, especially among girls. We suggest further investigation of the possible mediating role of life skills intervention components on girl's sexual behaviors.

Electronic Vapor Product Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors in US Adolescents.

Adolescent electronic vapor product (EVP) usage continues to increase and is associated with heightened engagement in other risk behaviors. However, there is limited research on associations between youth EVP use and sexual risk behaviors (SRBs). In this study, we examined how current youth EVP and/or cigarette usage, as well as EVP usage frequency, is related to several SRBs. Respondents (N = 12 667) of the 2017 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey were categorized by previous 30-day EVP and/or cigarette usage: nonuse, EVP use only, cigarette use only, or dual use. Separately, respondents were categorized by previous 30-day EVP usage frequency: 0, 1 to 9, 10 to 29, or 30 days. Ten SRBs were identified as dependent variables. Adjusted prevalence ratios were calculated by using modified Poisson regression to determine associations between SRBs and both current EVP and/or cigarette usage and EVP usage frequency. Linear contrasts compared adjusted prevalence ratios across usage and frequency categories. Youth EVP-only users and dual users were more likely than nonusers to engage in 9 of 10 SRBs. Prevalence proportions did not differ between EVP-only users and dual users for 7 of 10 behaviors. Occasional EVP users were more likely than nonusers to engage in 9 of 10 SRBs and were similarly as likely as frequent and daily users to engage in all 10 SRBs. EVP usage among US high school students, with or without concurrent cigarette use, was associated with heightened engagement in several SRBs. Prevalence of engagement in most SRBs did not differ among occasional, frequent, and daily EVP users.

Patterns of sexting and sexual behaviors in youth: A Latent Class Analysis

IntroductionA sizable minority of youth are sexting; however there are likely large individual differences in sexting and sexual behaviors, yet to be captured. A Latent Class Analysis was used to identify subgroups of youth characterized by differential engagement in sexting and sexual behaviors. MethodsParticipants were an ethnically diverse sample of 894 youth (55.8% female; Mage = 17.04, SD = 0.77) from a longitudinal survey study in southeast Texas. Latent classes were identified through participants’ responses to the following indicator variables: sending, receiving, and requesting sexts, sexual activity, contraception use, ≥ three partners, and substance use prior to sexual activity. Gender, ethnicity, impulsivity, and living situation were analyzed as predictors, and depressive symptoms as an outcome, of class membership. ResultsThe analysis revealed four distinct classes: No sexting-Low sex (42.2%), Sexting-Low sex (4.5%), No sexting-Moderately risky sex (28.3%), and Sexting-Moderately risky sex (24.9%). Gender and ethnicity predicted class membership wherein females and ethnic minority youth were less likely to be in groups displaying higher rates of sexting. Impulsivity and living situation predicted class membership, such that youth reporting higher impulsivity and living in a situation other than with two biological parents were less likely to be in classes displaying low sexting and sexual behaviors. Group membership predicted depressive symptoms. ConclusionsResults suggest that not all youth who are sexting are having sex, and not all youth who are having sex are sexting. Evidence of individual differences in youth sexual behaviors should inform educational initiatives aimed at teaching youth about sexual and online health.

The Effect of State-Level Sex Education Policies on Youth Sexual Behaviors.

Two types of sex education are generally offered in the U.S. abstinence-only and comprehensive sex education. There is no clear scientific consensus over which approach minimizes the risk of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases for youth. While there have been many studies of specific programs in clinical or quasi-experimental settings, there are very few evaluations of how state-level sex education policies affect the youth population. We estimate the impact of various state-level sex education policies on youth sexual activity and contraceptive use using data from four waves of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System from 39 states. We found that states that require sexuality (sex and/or HIV/STD) education and contraceptive content or states that mandate education but leave the actual content up to local districts have lower rates of sexually active youth and higher rates of contraception use when youth are sexually active. States that require sexuality education and require abstinence content increase the rate at which youth are sexually active, and youth in those states are less likely to use hormonal birth control if they are sexually active. In conclusion, we found that state policies regarding sex and HIV/STD education had statistically significant effects that are meaningful in magnitude from a public health perspective.

Youth Assets and Associations With Adolescent Risk Taking.

Positive youth development emphasizes that adaptive features of adolescence may contribute to teenage pregnancy prevention. Using data from approximately 1300 seventh-ninth graders, we describe positive youth development assets (external and internal) and their association with sexual risk taking. School-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-stratified logistic or linear models assessed associations between developmental assets and 6 outcomes (continuous attitudes about teenage sex and marriage, abstinence intentions, and nonsexual risk-taking behavior; dichotomous high risk-dating behavior, friends' sexual activity, and prior sexual activity). Associations between developmental assets and youth sexual behavior differed by school, sex, and race/ethnicity. White female respondents showed the most consistent associations between higher amounts of each of the positive youth development assets and attitudes and behaviors conducive to delaying sexual activity while black youth showed the fewest associations. These results contribute to the positive youth development literature by identifying that relationships between assets and adolescent risk differs by race and sex.

Targeted High-Risk Youth in Missouri PREP: Understanding Program Impacts on Youth Sexual Behavior Intentions.

Missouri Personal Responsibility Education Program (PREP) provides sexual health education programs to youth with goals of reducing unintended teen pregnancies. Theories of change provide that youth improve their sexual health knowledge, intentions, attitudes, and behaviors as a result of program implementation. Program evaluations are needed to assess the degree to which PREP programs are meeting their goals of improving youth outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine youth sexual intentions to use a condom, engage in sexual behavior, and abstain from sex as a result of Missouri PREP program implementation. We evaluate the effectiveness of the Missouri program in modifying youth intentions toward healthier planned behaviors. All programs required youth to take pre- and post-program surveys. For this study, we evaluate a sample of 1,335 youth's pre- and post-survey intentions related to condom use, sex, and abstention. We utilize t-tests as well as a lagged logistic regression approach to account for youth's respective pre-intentions. Youth's scores on intentions, knowledge, and attitudes rise from pre- to post-survey. Knowledge gains are salient while attitudes remain relatively high and stable. Intentions to use condoms differ from those in intentions to have or abstain from sex. Program change in intentions to use a condom are highest among the three intention outcomes. Missouri PREP saw improvements in knowledge, attitudes, and intentions as a result of program implementation. Findings suggest that the Missouri PREP program is effective at positively influencing youth intentions to engage in risky or sexual behavior.

Is the Spiritual Intelligence of Parents Related to Youth's Emotional Status and Sexual Behavior?

Related Research spiritual intelligence of parents with emosioal status and sexual behavior of teenagers. The purpose of knowing the relationship of sexual behavior and emotional status of adolescents with the spiritual intelligence of parents in work area Puskesmas Kasihan I. This study used a mix method design with sequential explanatory. Quantitative respondents were 132 adolescents and parents. Analysis of the data used in this quantitative study was control tau. The qualitative participants were 11 teenagers. Research interviews were conducted on 11 student participants who were taken by purposive sampling and qualitative data analysis using invivo software. The instrument used was the Spiritual Self-Report Inventory (SISRI), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), Sexual Behavior. Qualitative instruments use interview guides, telephone and observation sheets. The results showed that 101 adolescents with abnormal emotional status, 15 boderlines, 4 normal respondents. Adolescent sexual behaviors that are positive or active are 44 teenagers and 89 adolescents are negative or inactive behaviors. Found three factors that influence the emotional status and sexual behavior of adolescents, namely the role of moral education from parents, social control and adolescent self-control ability. The role of parents, the environment and adolescent self control affect the emotional status and sexual behavior of adolescents.

Adolescents’ Knowledge and Attitude Before and After Exposure to Media of Youth Sexual Behavior in Indonesia

The increasing number of cases regarding adolescent free sex is due to a lack understanding of reproductive health. Someone’s knowledge about reproductive health is believed to be closely related to what action they take. In the context of adolescence, their knowledge of reproductive health undoubtedly influences their attitude toward premarital sex. Most of premarital sex cases occur because they are lacking of knowlegde about its impact. This quasi-experiment was consucted on a senior high school in Indonesia. Subjects were 144 nine grade students, selected using purposive random sampling from a total population of 229 students. For each control and experiment groups, 72 students each were selected. The experiment group participated in the treatment of the study. Data was analyzed using paired t-test to find the differences of control and experiment groups’ knowledge and attitude. Both groups showed an increase of knowledge. However, the increase in experiment groups were more than one of the control group. There were only 10 students (14%) of experiment groups reached the category of having good understanding on the pre test and the number increased on the post to 39 students (54%).

School-based relationship and sexuality education: what has changed since the release of the Australian Curriculum?

ABSTRACT Effective school-based relationship and sexuality education (RSE) can improve youth sexual outcomes, including knowledge and behaviour. National pedagogical guidance in the form of the Australian Curriculum: Health and Physical Education (AC: HPE), which includes RSE, was released in 2015. This study sought to determine the sexual health knowledge and school-based RSE experiences of Australian students since the release of the AC: HPE. It presents findings from the Sixth National Survey of Secondary Students and Adolescent Sexual Health, which surveyed 6,180 Australian Year 10, 11 and 12 students. Findings are compared to those from the same survey conducted in 2013 – prior to the release of the AC: HPE. Analyses examined the associations between perceived relevance of RSE and demographic characteristics/context of RSE; and between sexual health knowledge, demographic characteristics and receipt of RSE. A thematic analysis of responses to an open-ended question provides additional context. Findings indicate that the AC: HPE has had little impact on RSE experiences and sexual health knowledge as findings remain mostly unchanged from 2013: overall knowledge scores have remained moderate to low and peak among young people aged 16–18 in year 12 at school even though most receive RSE in earlier years. Students value their RSE, but their comments reflect inconsistent teaching.

253. Sexually Transmitted Infections: Risk Has no Sexual Orientation! A National Study Among Young Adults in Switzerland

Purpose : To assess the characteristics of young adults who reported a history of sexually transmitted infection (STI). Method s: Data were drawn from the Swiss national survey on youth sexual behavior carried out in 2017. Out of 5175 participants (49.0% females; mean age 26.3) who completed the questionnaire, 5049 (97.6%; 48.8% females; mean age 26.3) answered the question on STI history (“Has a doctor or other health professional ever diagnosed you with (a) genital infection(s)?”). Participants were divided into two categories: YES (9.7%, n=491) and NO (90.2%; n=4558). A list of the most frequent STIs was then offered. We compared groups on sociodemographic data, current mental health (poor/good), sexual orientation (heterosexual/non-heterosexual), alcohol misuse and cannabis use (last 30 days), number of lifetime sexual partners, age at first sexual contact, having ever experienced casual sex and sexual intercourse while intoxicated (yes/no). We first ran a bivariate analysis and all significant variables (p<.05) were included in a logistic regression using the NO group as the reference category. Results are presented as odds ratios (OR).

214. Characteristics of Young Adult Females who Have Never Seen a Gynecologist

Purpose: Swiss guidelines indicate that the first gynecological visit should take place when initiating sexual activity or, at the latest, at age 21 to perform a first pap smear. However, close to 5% of young adult females in our survey report never having seen a gynecologist by age 26. The aim of this study is to describe the characteristics of young adult females never having consulted a gynecologist. Methods : Data were drawn from the Swiss national survey on youth sexual behavior carried out in 2017. Out of 5175 participants who answered all questions, 2534 (49%; mean age 26.3) were females and included in the study. They were distributed in two groups depending on whether they had ever seen a gynecologist (GYN group; 95.4%) or not (NOGYN group; 4.6%). Groups were compared on age, age at first sexual contact, having ever had oral, vaginal or anal sex, being a virgin, type of partner relationship they were in (none/other), and having a history of STI. We first ran a bivariate analysis and all significant variables (p<.05) were included in a logistic regression using the GYN group as the reference category. Results are expressed as odds ratios (OR) with [95% confidence intervals].

The performativity of monitoring and evaluation in international development interventions: Building a dialogical case study of evidence-making that situates ‘the general’

The dominance of high-income countries in ‘generalised’ evidence-making is increasingly recognised as a barrier to advancing understandings of social change processes in international development. Building more equitable and collaborative institutionalised relationships with localities is therefore emphasised. This paper details how a dialogical case study of evidence-making in international development was developed through the single-case ethnography of a youth sexual behaviour change and empowerment intervention in Tanzania. It illustrates how dialogical theorising was applied in both data collection and analyses towards advancing understandings of the ethical and dynamic Self–Other interdependencies through which evidence is made and communicated. The analyses highlight the performativity of monitoring and evaluation activities: how networks of relations perform the logic of rigid predictability that underpins the design and funding of international development interventions. The non-dialogical and inauthentic nature of these relations are found to foster distrust, holding the potential to undermine the ‘empowering’ goals of the intervention overall. ‘The international’ in evidence-making is therefore situated as a cultural location that lacks relevance in contexts such as Tanzania where changeability trumps predictability. Fostering equities therefore demands attending to colonialities regarding language use, the authority given to artefacts, and the sociohistorical and accumulative contextualisations of distrust.

F**k B*tches Raw on the Kitchen Floor: A Feminist Examination of Condom Messages in Hip Hop and Rap Music, 1991–2017

Since 1991, the popularity of hip hop and rap music in the United States has expanded beyond traditional consumers of the genre. As such, this genre of music has the ability to shape cultural and sexual norms across racial, ethnic, gender, and geographic boundaries. The purpose of this study was to examine condom use messaging in hip hop and rap music. We conducted a lyric analysis of all tracks in the top ten albums between 1991 and 2017, as listed on the Billboard US Top R&B/Hip Hop Albums Year End Charts. Overall, we analyzed 3732 songs. In our sample, 1171 songs contained sexually explicit messages and 98 songs had mentions of condom use. Sexually explicit messages were most common between the years of 1995 and 2000, and have been slowly increasing in rap music since 2010. By focusing on safe-sex messaging in lyrical content, we add to both: (1) the growing feminist critique of gender inequality and misogyny in the music industry from a public health standpoint, and (2) the analysis of the role of popular culture in understanding youth sexual attitudes and behaviors.

Assessment of Parent-Based Interventions for Adolescent Sexual Health

Parent-based sexual health interventions have received considerable attention as one factor that can increase safer sexual behavior among youth; however, to our knowledge, the evidence linking parent-based interventions to youth sexual behaviors has not been empirically synthesized. To examine the association of parent-based sexual health interventions with 3 primary youth outcomes-delayed sexual activity, condom use, and parent-child sexual communication-as well as several secondary outcomes. We also explored potential moderators of intervention effectiveness. A systematic search was conducted of studies published through March 2018 using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Communication Source, and CINAHL databases and relevant review articles. Studies were included if they: (1) sampled adolescents (mean age, ≤18 years), (2) included parents in a key intervention component, (3) evaluated program effects with experimental/quasi-experimental designs, (4) included an adolescent-reported behavioral outcome, (5) consisted of a US-based sample, and (6) were published in English. Standardized mean difference (d) and 95% confidence intervals were computed from studies and meta-analyzed using random-effects models. A secondary analysis evaluated potential moderating variables. The primary outcomes were delayed sexual activity, condom use, and sexual communication. Independent findings from 31 articles reporting on 12 464 adolescents (mean age = 12.3 years) were synthesized. Across studies, there was a significant association of parent-based interventions with improved condom use (d = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.13-0.51; P = .001) and parent-child sexual communication (d = 0.27; 95% CI, 0.19-0.35; P = .001). No significant differences between parent-based interventions and control programs were found for delaying sexual activity (d = -0.06; 95% CI, -0.14 to 0.02; P = .16). The associations for condom use were heterogeneous. Moderation analyses revealed larger associations for interventions that focused on younger, compared with older, adolescents; targeted black or Hispanic youth compared with mixed race/ethnicity samples; targeted parents and teens equally compared with emphasizing parents only; and included a program dose of 10 hours or more compared with a lower dose. Parent-based sexual health programs can promote safer sex behavior and cognitions in adolescents, although the findings in this analysis were generally modest. Moderation analyses indicated several areas where future programs could place additional attention to improve potential effectiveness.