Youth Perceptions Research Articles

Hindi Cinema and Society: A study on the perception of Indian youth


 
 
 For Indians, Cinema has remained integral since its inception in society. Films have evolved from black- and-white to color; from several reels to a single showreel; from no animations to varied forms and techniques; and from single-screen theatres to multiplexes/multiple screens too. The researchers have chosen the social drama genre from the spectrum of diverse genres to study. The researchers are curious to know the perception of youth towards the mentioned genre, especially those who belong to the age group of 18 to 23 years. This research aims to study whether or not movies belonging to the social drama genre make the desired impact on society against social evils. With the ever-increasing number of social issues in the country, even during the present pandemic situation, this study holds significance in trying to know if one of the empowering tools of the Indian society for generating awareness is empowering or forbidding. The present study is conducted by keeping “Bollywood” (Hindi cinema) in the nucleus because of the researchers’ zealous fondness towards Hindi movies. Because of the unprecedented times of the Covid-19 pandemic, the data for the research have been collected using Google forms and combined with the data of 200 respondents, majorly from, but not limited to, the Western part of India. The study findings interestingly unveil that the majority of the youth believe the social issues are majorly seen in the middle economic class of Indian society. The majority also does not agree or is neutral with the statement that the social drama Hindi films could bring the desired change in society.
 
 

Mixed methods implementation evaluation of virtual interview training for transition-age autistic youth in pre-employment transition services.

Autistic transition-age youth are employed at rates far lower than their non-disabled peers as well as youth with other disabilities. Meanwhile, very few studies have evaluated the implementation of job interviewing practices within pre-employment transition services. We conducted an initial implementation evaluation as part of a Type I hybrid randomized controlled effectiveness-implementation trial where we trained teachers to deliver Virtual Interview Training for Transition-Age Youth (VIT-TAY) within five pre-employment transition services programs. We used mixed methods to evaluate leader (n=5), teacher (n=15) and autistic transition age youth (n=48) perceptions of VIT-TAY. We used descriptive statistics and thematic network analysis to evaluate survey data. Mixed methods integration was then performed to make comparisons between quantitative and qualitative results. Quantitative survey data revealed that leaders and teachers found VIT-TAY to be highly acceptable and appropriate for pre-employment transition services; findings which were confirmed via thematic network analysis of qualitative interview data. Autistic students reported via quantitative surveys that VIT-TAY was acceptable and usable, which was confirmed via thematic network analysis of open-ended survey data. This initial implementation evaluation can be used to inform a larger scale implementation evaluation of VIT-TAY in schools.

Youths' Perceptions of Nicotine Harm and Associations With Product Use.

Although nicotine is the main addictive substance in tobacco, tobacco combustion is responsible for most tobacco-related diseases. U.S. adults hold misperceptions about nicotine harm. However, little is known about youth nicotine perceptions. To address this gap, we assessed U.S. youths' nicotine perceptions and how these perceptions relate to tobacco use. Participants were youth (ages 12-17) in waves 4 (w4; December 2016-January 2018; N = 14 798) and 4.5 (w4.5; December 2017-December 2018; N = 12 918) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study. We describe beliefs about nicotine; perceptions of the nicotine harm in cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); and demographic differences. Regressions assess whether w4 nicotine perceptions predicted w4.5 tobacco use. Most youth correctly responded that nicotine is the main cause of addiction (77.1%) but incorrectly responded that nicotine is the main substance that causes smoking-related cancer (74.7%). Youth distinguished between the harm of nicotine in different products, and on average rated the nicotine in cigarettes as most harmful, followed by e-cigarettes and NRT. Among youth who did not use at w4, greater harm perceptions of nicotine in cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and NRT were associated with lower likelihood of reporting current tobacco use at w4.5. Among youth who currently used cigarettes or e-cigarettes at wave 4, nicotine perceptions did not predict switching to e-cigarettes or cigarettes, respectively, at wave 4.5. These findings underscore the challenge of developing effective and comprehensive communication strategies that accurately convey the effects of nicotine without encouraging tobacco use. Many U.S. adults have misperceptions about nicotine, incorrectly believing it is the substance that causes most smoking-related cancers; studies have not assessed youth's perceptions of nicotine and how these perceptions relate to tobacco use. This study found that similar to adults, most youth incorrectly believed nicotine is the main substance that causes smoking-related cancer; youth also distinguish between the harmfulness of nicotine in different products, and rated the nicotine in cigarettes as most harmful, followed by e-cigarettes and NRT. Perceptions of the harm in different nicotine and tobacco products negatively predicted becoming a person who used tobacco a year later, but did not predict switching between e-cigarettes and cigarettes. Findings highlight the challenges of accurately communicating about the harms of nicotine without encouraging tobacco use; findings can be considered in the context of FDA's potential nicotine product standard that would lower nicotine levels in combustible tobacco products to a minimally or nonaddictive level.

Perception of Procedural Justice Amongst Previously Incarcerated Youth: Procedural Justice in Incarcerated Youth.

Violence among incarcerated youths is a serious public health issue and an area of marked health disparities. Procedural Justice is an ethical framework to guide policy approaches in the criminal justice system. The purpose of our study was to evaluate youth perception of neutrality, respect, trust, and voice while incarcerated. Young people ages 14 to 21 previously incarcerated in a juvenile detention facility were interviewed regarding their perceptions of procedural justice. Participants were recruited from community-based organizations. Interviews were semi-structured, lasting for 1 hr. Interviews were coded for themes related to procedural justice. Twenty-eight participants were interviewed regarding their experience with procedural justice while incarcerated. Key themes included: Neutrality: Participants felt that they were treated impartially regarding everyone receiving the same punishment for offenses; however, levels of punishments for offenses were inconsistent. Respect: Participants often felt disrespected by staff. Trust: The participants did not feel safe to trust. Voice: Participants felt they had no voice while incarcerated. Previously incarcerated youth perceptions indicated a need for more training in the juvenile detention system to enable staff members to have a better understanding of procedural justice and to appropriately utilize it.

Gender diversity associated with patterns of brain activation seen in populations that experience childhood stress.

Stressful childhood experiences are associated with unique brain activity patterns during emotional processing. Specifically, pediatric stress is linked to activation in the insulae, superior temporal and parahippocampal gyri, and the amygdalae, as well as differential activation in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex when viewing emotional faces. Gender diversity is broadly associated with higher victimization and mental health disparities in children aged 9/10, but whether it is associated with stress-like alterations in brain function (BOLD signal during task-based fMRI) remains unknown. We investigate the functional brain correlates of this relationship to determine if gender-diverse youth show patterns of functional activity during an emotional task consistent with those of other populations that experience heightened stress. We used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD)® study. First, we identified a subset of 4,385 participants aged 10/11 years with gender diversity data and quality-controlled fMRI data from the EN-Back (emotional n-back) task. The EN-Back is a working memory task that presents emotion faces as well as pictures of places as control stimuli. We regressed BOLD signal associated with emotion faces (faces minus places contrast) on gender diversity. Next, we tested if parental acceptance or youth perceptions of their school environment moderated the relationship between gender diversity and activation in the insulae or fusiform gyrus. Finally, we used structural equation modeling to investigate gender diversity's association with parental acceptance, perceptions of school environments, internalizing and externalizing problems. Gender diversity was associated with widespread increases in BOLD signal during the faces condition of the EN-Back task. Youth's report of parental acceptance and school environment did not moderate the relationship between gender diversity and BOLD signal in the insula or fusiform gyrus. Gender diversity was related to greater parent and school-related stress, which was associated with elevated mental health problems. Patterns of functional activity were consistent with those reported in prior literature on childhood stress. Gender diversity was associated with increased emotional and behavioral problems, as well as parent and school-related stress. These findings indicate the importance of the home and school environments for supporting the wellbeing of gender diverse youth.

Drop-out and ineffective treatment in youth with severe and enduring mental health problems: a systematic review.

Youth with severe and enduring mental health problems (SEMHP) tend to drop out of treatment or insufficiently profit from treatment in child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP). Knowledge about factors related to treatment failure in this group is scarce. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to thematically explore factors associated with dropout and ineffective treatment among youth with SEMHP. After including 36 studies, a descriptive thematic analysis was conducted. Themes were divided into three main categories: client, treatment, and organizational factors. The strongest evidence was found for the association between treatment failure and the following subthemes: type of treatment, engagement, transparency and communication, goodness of fit and, perspective of practitioner. However, most other themes showed limited evidence and little research has been done on organizational factors. To prevent treatment failure, attention should be paid to a good match between youth and both the treatment and the practitioner. Practitioners need to be aware of their own perceptions of youth's perspectives, and transparent communication with youth contributes to regaining their trust.

National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Extremism (RAN-PE): Youth Perception and Trust in Public Policy

Theories and practices related to preventing radicalism, extremism that leads to terrorism offer different intangible measures to combat such acts. The National Action Plan to Prevent and Combat Extremism (RAN-PE) as part of achieving national goals; of protecting the homeland of Indonesia’s, and participating in the achievement of world order. The purpose of this study is to determine public views on violent extremism (VE) as well as public perception and public trust toward the RAN-PE policy. In addition, this study also identifies the empirical relationship between the public perception of the VE variable and public trust under the RAN-PE policy. We conducted a survey to examine the influence of perception on the level of trust toward the government in relation to the RAN-PE policy and used Spearman’s rho in the non-parametric analysis to determine the correlation between variables. The findings showed that public perception can predict the level of trust toward the government’s implementation of policies to combat extremism, radicalism, and terrorism.

Youth’s engagement and perceptions of disposable e-cigarettes: a UK focus group study

ObjectivesEvidence suggests that use of flavoured disposable electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is increasing. Considering the growing popularity and rapid evolution of e-cigarettes, we explored youth’s perceptions and engagement with disposable e-cigarettes.DesignTwenty...

Urban Youth Perceptions of Sports and Energy Drinks: Insights for Health Promotion Messaging.

This study aimed to examine urban adolescents' beliefs about sports and energy drinks to identify factors for health messaging to discourage youth consumption. Focus group study involving thirty-four adolescents in urban areas (12 female, 12 male, and 10 unreported sex; 19 Hispanic, 11 Non-Hispanic Black, 2 Asian, and 1 unknown race or ethnicity). Four focus groups were conducted with adolescents in urban areas. Each on-time moderated group discussion was structured to generate an inventory of attitudinal, normative and efficacy beliefs associated with sports and energy drink consumption and reduction. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Attitudinal and normative beliefs were more positive towards sports drink consumption and energy drink reduction. Misperceptions about the need for sports drinks to avoid dehydration during physical activity were evident. Product accessibility and advertising pervasiveness were facilitators influencing consumption and barriers to reduction for both products. Results highlight important differences in perceptions about sports and energy drinks that indicate the need for different approaches and messages for interventions designed to curb consumption of these products. Recommendations for message design are provided.

Social Support and Perceptions of COVID-19-related Emotional Impact on Mental Health Among Early Adolescents in Appalachia.

Young people who experience higher levels of social support from their schools and families have been shown to be less likely to develop symptoms of negative mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety.1-4 This raises questions concerning how young people's stress and psychological changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic as well as social support during this time have affected their overall mental health. The aim of this study was to assess the association between sources of parental- and school-level social support and youth perceptions of COVID-19-related emotional impact on mental health among early adolescent girls and boys in Appalachia. Using linear regression, we analyzed the first and third wave of survey data from the larger parent study (Young Mountaineer Health Study) cohort, collected in 20 middle schools throughout West Virginia in the fall of 2020 and fall of 2021 (N=1349, mean age: 11.5, response rate: 80.7%). Approximately half of participants reported knowing someone that had been sick with COVID-19. Those experiencing higher levels of perceived COVID-19-related emotional impact reported greater levels of depression, anxiety, and anger. Both parental and school-level social support were associated with better mental health outcomes. Early adolescent perceptions of COVID-19-related emotional impact were associated with depression, anxiety, and anger and moderated by social support at home and in school among 11-12-year-old youth in Appalachia.

194. Adult Perceptions of Youths' Attitudes Toward Violence and Peer Delinquency and Youth-Reported Violence Experiences

194. Adult Perceptions of Youths' Attitudes Toward Violence and Peer Delinquency and Youth-Reported Violence Experiences

Youth perceptions toward managing elderly care among low-income household families using the My-Elderly-Care-Skills Module.

Caregivers of elderly people need the right education and empowering skills to manage their own health needs and the elderly people they care for. The study aimed to explore youth perceptions of the My-Elderly-Care-Skills Module intervention and its perceived feasibility. This study involved youth respondents (18-30 years old) from low-income households who are accountable to providing care for independent older people (60 years or above) living in the same house. A qualitative study using a case study design was used to assess youth perceptions based on the content of the My-Elderly-Care-Skills module, by focusing on its implementation usage and usefulness for the care of the elderly. A total of 30 youths voluntarily participated in the online training workshop during the COVID-19 pandemic movement restriction order period. There were multiple sources of data, such as video recorded on reflection of care given at home, text messages in a WhatsApp group, and in-depth interviews during small group online meetings. Data were recorded and transcribed verbatim for common themes before a theme analysis was conducted. Inductive content analysis was performed after the saturation point was met. Thematic analysis derived two domains of feasibility: operational and technical feasibility. There were three themes under operational practicality (improving awareness, addressing the caregiving skills needs, and seeking resources for knowledge) and three themes for technical practicality (easily used and informative, skill in effective communication, and program fulfillment). It was verified that it is feasible for young caregivers of the elderly to participate in the My-Elderly-Care-Skills training intervention as it helps in improving knowledge and skills performance in managing and caring for the elderly.

The Motivations of Youth Involvement in Transactional Sexual Relationship in a South African University

The phenomenon of transactional sexual relationship among youth in sub-Saharan Africa especially at Universities in South Africa is becoming rampant these days. What really lure youth into engaging themselves in this act needed to be identified. However, not many researches have been undertaken on this issue, especially regarding the perceptions of youths about this phenomenon. Thus this research provided some preliminary findings on the factors that motivate youth to engage in transactional sexual relationship at the University of Zululand. Proportionate stratified sampling where respondents were chosen from each of the four faculties at the University of Zululand to reflect all the faculties at the University was used. This was complemented by the use of direct observation method. Findings: that youth engage in Transactional sexual relationship because they were motivated by expensive gifts (jewelries, cell phones, laptops, hairdos etc), peer pressure, money, modernization, poverty, and parental poverty.

Patient perceptions of trauma-focused telemental health services using the Telehealth Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ).

Telehealth services can address many barriers to traditional office-based mental health services. Few studies have assessed youth and caregiver perceptions of and satisfaction with trauma-focused interventions delivered via telemental health. The present study reports data collected using the Telehealth Satisfaction Questionnaire (TSQ), which was developed to measure child and caregiver satisfaction with services, comfort with the telehealth equipment, and barriers to traditional office-based services. Thirteen clinicians delivered home- and school-based Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) via videoconferencing on tablets and computers to 60 child patients (71.7% Latinx, 18.3% Black, and 10.0% non-Hispanic White). Patients and caregivers completed the TSQ at treatment discharge via telephone, videoconferencing, or in-person interviews. There was a high level of satisfaction among patients and caregivers receiving TF-CBT via telemental health. Furthermore, most youth and caregivers felt comfortable using the telehealth equipment from the outset of therapy, and all participants who were not initially comfortable using the equipment reported feeling more comfortable over time. The most common barriers to traditional office-based services were caregiver work schedule (57.7%), distance to mental health clinic (55.8%), and lack of transportation (44.2%). Patients and caregivers expressed a preference for telemental health services if given the option between receiving therapy via videoconferencing versus going to an office-based clinic. Findings indicated telemental health treatment addressed barriers that would have otherwise prevented families from accessing office-based services. The TSQ can be used to help clinics and providers assess patient and caregiver satisfaction with telehealth services in various settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Perceptions of Indonesian Muslim Youth on Factors Influencing Their Intention to Perform Cash Waqf

This study aims to investigate the intention to pay cash waqf among Indonesian Muslim youth. In addition, this study explains the Theory of Planned behavior and additional two variables, namely Islamic religiosity and willingness.The Partial Least Square Structural equation modeling (SEM) approach is used to test structural models and measurements. Online questionnaires were distributed to purposively selected respondents throughout Indonesia, which consists of all major islands. In total, there are 104 respondents collected. This study found that the Attitude variable and the willingness variable affect the intention to pay cash waqf among Indonesian Muslim youth. In addition, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioral Contol, and Islamic religiosity variables are not significantly proven as the determinant. This study focuses on the factors that influence the intention of Indonesian Muslim youth to perform cash waqf. This study examines the theory of planned behavior, Islamic religiosity, and willingness. With the latest data and variables studied, these findings can be used as guidelines for policymakers, especially waqf bodies to innovate and improve the characteristics of cash waqf contributors, especially among Muslim youth so that they can maintain sustainability and development of waqf instruments.

From Security to Freedom- The Meaning of Financial Well-being Changes with Age.

Financial well-being is becoming more prominent in policy, research, and the financial sector. However, there is a lack of understanding of its meaning, and the vast majority of financial well-being research employs quantitative methods whereas recent literature reviews advocate for qualitative studies into the meaning of financial well-being and its associations with age. We contribute to that by conducting exploratory qualitative research into the phenomenon of perceived financial well-being and its components. It is based on three studies each of which used in-depth semi-structured interviews (N = 47). The first key finding is that youth perceive financial well-being to be comprised of three components: keeping the current lifestyle and making ends meet; achieving desired lifestyle; and achieving financial freedom. In contrast, older groups distinguish only two: keeping and achieving the lifestyle in the present and in the future. The second finding is that the definition of financial freedom differs across age groups. Young people aspire to become financially independent, while middle-aged individuals prioritize supporting their children, and older people are afraid of becoming a financial burden. Third, regardless of age, many do not plan, save or invest for securing their financial well-being. We conclude by proposing implications for increasing financial well-being in different age groups, and suggesting paths for further investigation.

Linguistic Repertoires Embodied and Digitalized: A Computer-Vision-Aided Analysis of the Language Portraits by Multilingual Youth

The present study sets out to investigate how multilingual youth perceive and represent their linguistic repertoires. To achieve this goal, we introduced a computer-vision-aided analytical method to deal with the obtained visual data, which comprised digital images of language portraits created by a group of young multilingual speakers. An OpenCV module is used to build and complete the graphic data processing, enabling quantitative evaluations of participants’ colored clusters and linguistic codes that express their language repertoires. In combination with oral narratives provided in their language portraits, the findings demonstrate that Macanese heritage speakers show a higher degree of “scope” than the Chinese mainland sojourners in Macao but a lower degree of “access”. Follow-up interviews further corroborated the self-perceptions of their linguistic resources across different registers. Overall, the computer-vision-aided analysis of language portraits enhances the current understanding of the “scope” and “access” of multilingual repertoires in lived experience.

Longitudinal Relations Between Parenting Practices and Adolescent Suicidal Ideation in a High-Risk Clinical Sample: A Moderated Mediation Model.

Parenting behaviors are associated with adolescent suicidal ideation (SI), but few studies have examined this relation longitudinally or investigated underlying mechanisms. We investigated a moderated mediation model to evaluate perceived burdensomeness as a mediator in the longitudinal relation between parenting behavior (warmth and verbal hostility) and adolescent SI. We hypothesized that this association would be particularly strong among adolescents with greater functional impairment. The sample included 147 adolescents (Mage = 14.9, Age Range = 12-18 years, 76.2% female) and a primary caregiver (Mage = 43.5, Age Range = 27-60 years, 81.4% female) enrolled in a clinical trial. Caregivers completed measures of warmth and verbal hostility (PCPR) and adolescents completed measures of functional impairment (CDI-2), perceived burdensomeness (INQ), and SI (SIQ-JR) at baseline, 12 and 18 months. Two moderated mediation path analyses, one for each parenting behavior, were conducted. Age, sex, treatment condition, baseline and 12-month SI, baseline perceived burdensomeness, and the alternate baseline parenting behavior were included as covariates. Neither model yielded a significant direct effect between baseline parental verbal hostility or warmth and 18-month SI. However, lower warmth and higher verbal hostility were positively associated with 18-month SI indirectly through greater 12-month perceived burdensomeness among youth with relatively higher levels of functional impairment. Perceptions of burdensomeness are a mechanism by which low parental warmth and high parental verbal hostility contribute to SI, but only among youth with greater functional impairment. Interventions to address youth perceptions of burdensomeness may be beneficial, particularly for the most highly impaired youth.

An emerging youth-centered model of community resilience in communities impacted by gun violence: Power through Black Community and Unity.

Studies commonly examine resilience as an outcome by way of measuring the degree to which protective factors maintain individuals' well-being despite the presence of significant risk. In this study, we developed a model of community resilience that centered the voices of Black youth. Using data collected as part of a 3-year, youth participatory action research project, we developed a model that focuses on what 11 Black youth perceive and believe contributes to community resilience through their investigation of problems and solutions related to community gun violence. Findings from a constructivist grounded theory analysis of multiple data sources (e.g., field notes, transcribed group discussions, youth photovoice activities) revealed our developing model of community resilience: Power through Black Community and Unity. Specifically, Power through Black Community and Unity was a core category that reflected the importance of care, support, and safety as strengths in the community's current response and resilience to gun violence, and future aspects the community could develop to increase community resilience to gun violence. This core category emerged in three subsequent ways: Collective Care, "Seeing Beyond the Bad," and Supportive Teen Spaces. This study illustrates potential pathways that youth service agencies and community practitioners can consider enhancing in their programming to promote resilience in their communities.

Youth and parent perceptions of youth decision-making roles regarding evaluation for short stature

ABSTRACT Youth decision-making involvement (DMI) in medical treatment associates with greater adherence and feelings of self-efficacy. However, little is known about youth DMI regarding medical evaluation and diagnostic procedures. Using thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews, we explored parent (n = 24) and youth (n = 24) perceptions of youth roles in the decision to undergo evaluation for short stature. Five themes emerged about evaluation decisions including: parents/providers were gatekeepers, some parents sought youth agreement, conversations focused on logistics, some parents gave limited information, and youth expressed anxiety. Results suggest that including youth in discussions about evaluation may alleviate anxiety and uncertainty about upcoming procedures.