Youth Motivation Research Articles

Agriculture Industry Workers Perspective: The Attractiveness of Agribusiness as a Place to Work

This descriptive comparative research examined agribusiness as an attractive place to work from the perspective of agriculture industry professionals, intending to increase youth motivation, particularly among many newly graduated students, to join the field. Eighty (80) workers responded to the Survey Questionnaire with indicators of Job Content, Economic Benefits, Career Opportunities, Social Relations, and Reputation. Also compared were moderating variables such as sex, educational attainment, and industry engagement. Results showed that the level of appeal of industry workers to Agribusiness was 3.56, indicating that Agribusiness is exceptionally desirable across all metrics. The result further shows that there is no significant difference in the level of attractiveness as perceived by the industry workers when grouped according to sex (p-value=.230), educational attainment (p-value=.511), and industry engagement (p-value=.057). This value implies that Agribusiness is equally attractive across all groups. This study recommends that the college, particularly the Bachelor of Agriculture Technology department, focus on improvement and programs that would usher the graduates to their full potential. It was suggested that agribusiness courses be designed to equip graduates with knowledge and skills in managerial and decision-making capacities.

Academic motivation decreases across adolescence for youth with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Effects of motivation on academic success.

This longitudinal study examined growth trajectories of academic motivation in youth with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) across the important developmental transition from middle school to high school, and associations with academic success. Consistent with self-determination theory (SDT) of motivation, trajectories of amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation were modeled. The study included a robust multi-method, multi-source assessment of academic outcomes, including homework performance ratings; reading and mathematics standardized test scores; and grade point average (GPA) obtained from school records. Participants included 302 adolescents (ages 12-14; Mage = 13.20) in eighth grade who were specifically recruited so that approximately half (n = 162) were diagnosed with ADHD and 140 adolescents comprising a comparison sample without ADHD. The sample was predominantly White (81.80%), with 7.90% identifying as bi/multiracial, 5.30% identifying as Black/African American, 4.60% identifying as Asian, and 0.30% identifying as Indigenous/Alaskan. Adolescents with ADHD had worse academic motivation at all timepoints. Growth curve analyses indicated the academic motivation of adolescents without ADHD decreased at faster rates across the transition to high school compared to adolescents with ADHD. However, for adolescents with ADHD, amotivation, extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation each predicted GPA, with higher extrinsic and intrinsic motivation also predicting better homework performance and different aspects of math performance, whereas for youth without ADHD, only amotivation and extrinsic motivation predicted GPA. Intervention and school policy implications are discussed, including the importance of fostering autonomy and internal motivation, and consideration of whether current ADHD interventions primarily foster extrinsic motivation.

Death attitudes and volunteering motives of youth during the flood in Kerala, India.

The current investigation aims to gauge the connection between death attitudes, volunteering motives, and sociodemographic variables among youth in Kerala. The 150 participants who had volunteered to offer help in flood relief camps and rehabilitation programs from 3 districts in Kerala were given Voluntary Function Inventory (Clary et al., 1998) and Death Attitude Profile-Revised (Wong et al., 1994). Results of the study suggest that neutral acceptance of death attitude is positively related to volunteering motives. Likewise, volunteering motives vary significantly according to gender, marital status, socioeconomic status, and health perception, while death attitude differs significantly based on religion. This study directly implies terror management theory, which states that when reminded of their mortality, people intensify the desire to express culturally prescribed prosocial attitudes and engage in more volunteering behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

The effect of parental support on achievement motivation of multicultural youth: Focusing on the mediating effects of national identity and self-esteem

본 연구는 부모지지가 다문화가족 청소년의 성취동기에 영향을 미치는 데 있어서 국가정체성과 자아존중감의 매개효과를 검증하는 데 목적이 있다. 분석자료는 다문화청소년패널 9차년도 자료이며, 분석 대상은 고등학교 3학년 학생 1,075명이다. 본고에서는 Process Macro Model 4번을 활용하여 변수 간의 관계를 검증하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 부모지지 수준이 높을수록 다문화가족 청소년의 성취동기가 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부모지지 수준이 높을수록 다문화가족 청소년의 국가정체성이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 부모지지 수준이 높을수록 다문화가족 청소년의 자아존중감도 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째 부모지지가 다문화가족 청소년의 성취동기에 미치는 영향에서 국가정체성과 자아존중감은 병렬 매개효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 한국 다문화가족에서 부모지지 수준이 높을수록 국가정체성과 자아존중감은 높아지고, 이는 다문화가족 청소년의 성취동기를 높이게 된다.The purpose of this study is to investigate mediating effects of national identity and self-esteem between the relationship of parental support and motivation for achievement, among youths from multicultural family. Data were collected from the 9th year of the Multicultural Youth Panel from the Korea Youth Policy Institute. The cases are 1,075 which are high school third-year students. Data analysis was conducted using Process Macro Model 4. The results are as follows. First, if the parental support is stronger, the motivation for achievement of the youth from multicultural fanily becomes higher. Second, if the parental support is stronger, the national identity of the youth from multicultural family becomes higher. Third, if the parental support is stronger, self-esteem of the youth from multicultural family becomes higher. Fourth, there are parallel and double mediating effects of national identity and self-esteem in the relationship between parental support and the motivation for achievement. The results of this study shows that parental support has positive effects on national identity and self-esteem of the youth from multicultural family and as a result, they strengthen achievement motivation.

ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ УМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЗДОРОВ’ЯЗБЕРЕЖУВАЛЬНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ МОЛОДІ У ПРОЦЕСІ ВОЛОНТЕРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ

The article, based on the theoretical analysis of scientific research, defines the pedagogical conditions necessary for the formation of health-saving competence of student youth in the process of volunteering. The problem of health care among children and youth is one of the most urgent as a result of modern socio-economic challenges. However, in scientific works, insufficient attention is paid to the mechanism of implementing health-saving technologies in the educational process of various educational institutions, in particular, through informal, informal education, involvement of the public sector, etc. Based on the analysis of the theory and practice of the researched process, it was found that volunteering is an important means of forming the health-saving competence of student youth. Analysis of the latest research and publications shows that there are different interpretations of the essence of pedagogical conditions. In general, researchers pay attention to various aspects of the formation of health-saving competence of future specialists. According to the results of the ascertaining stage of the pedagogical experiment, which proved a number of problematic issues in the formation of health-preserving competence of student youth, as well as the significant potential of volunteering in this matter, after summarizing all aspects of the problem, we singled out the pedagogical conditions necessary for the formation of health-preserving competence of students young people in the process of volunteering: formation of sustainable motivation of student youth to health care (in particular, in the process of volunteer work); improving students' knowledge of healthy lifestyles, health-preserving volunteering at the level of formal, informal, and informal education; implementation of innovative forms of volunteer health care work.

MOTIVATION OF YOUTH IN CULTIVATING HORTICULTURE CROPS IN PLAYEN SUB DISTRICT, GUNUNGKIDUL REGENCY

Human resource is a significant factor in agriculture development. One of the elements of human resources is youth. But, rarely number of young people involved in agriculture activities threatens agricultural development and agricultural sustainability. So that, commercial commodities are needed, one of which is horticulture crops to increase youth motivation. This research was conducted with the objective of knowing : 1) Motivation of youth in horticultural farming in Playen Sub-District Gunungkidul Regency, 2) Factors that has influenced youth to motivate on horticultural farming in Playen Sub-District Gunungkidul Regency. The basic method used in this research is analytical descriptive method with survey technique. Sampling method of this study used simple random sampling in four areas in the Ngunut village, Playen village, Plembutan village and Bleberan village. The total respondents were 60 youth. The analysis method used is the proportion test and multiple linear regression analysis with Backward method. The result showed that most youthhas a high motivation on horticultural farmingin Playen Sub- District Gunungkidul Regency. Its mean that the youth motivation on horticultural farming in Playen Sub-District was categorized want to horticultural farming. The relative advantages, interactions among youth and courage to take a risk positively affects motivation. Higher the horticultural farming’s advantage higher the youth motivation on horticultural farming. Higher interactions among youth higher the youth motivation on horticultural farming and higher courage to take a risk higher the youth motivation on horticultural farming. Age, education, land area, youth cosmopolitan level and intensity following of extension have no significant effect on motivation.

The general characteristics and historical aspect of the emergence and development of aerobics as a type of motor activity of the applicants of the higher education

Today, applicants of the higher education institutions have a low level of physical activity, which leads to hypokinesia, which in turn leads to poor health. The decrease in motivation and interest of the student youth in the physical education classes is one of the significant negative factors of the physical activity deficit. Therefore, a promising step in solving this problem is the use of popular types of physical activity in the physical education of the applicants that encourage young people to exercise.
 In recent years, the emergence of interest in aerobics classes has become particularly noticeable, gaining popularity year after year. They are one of the most affordable and effective forms of health-improving effects; they help to improve physical and functional condition; increase the level of physical activity.
 The aim of the study is to provide a general description and study the historical aspect of the emergence and development of aerobics as a type of motor activity of the applicants of the higher education. To achieve the purpose of the study, theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature were used. Results of the study. The article characterizes aerobics as a sport and physical activity. The historical aspect of the emergence and development of aerobics as a means of physical activity of the applicants of the higher education. Conclusions.
 Modern aerobics is a dynamic motor activity that is constantly changing and updating its arsenal of tools, new directions and types of aerobics appear using a variety of tools and applying different methodological techniques.
 The aerobics is one of the main means of improving health, improving physical and functional condition, increasing the level of physical fitness and performance in the student youth. From a large number of types of aerobics, each the applicants of the higher education can choose the one that suits his or her age, gender, health, physical fitness, personal preferences, and goals.

THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY OF A HIGHER EDUCATION ACQUIRENT IN THE FORMATION OF THE COMPETENCES OF A MODERN SPECIALIST

The article is devoted to the role of the scientific activity of a higher education applicant in the formation of the competencies of a modern specialist. Due to the high level of competition in the modern labor market, the requirements for future specialists are also changing. Educational reforms have contributed to an emphasis on stimulating the creativity of young people. Higher education fulfills the task of developing general and professional competencies of applicants. The article considers the main tasks of the scientific activity of higher education, its types, forms of scientific activity. The authors note that learning is the main activity of students, but other activities, including scientific activities, will contribute to the acquisition of professional competencies that are in demand on the labor market. The task of the educational institution is to create conditions for the applicant to acquire the skills of research work and learn the methods of scientific research during the period of study. Particular attention is paid to the participation of students in the preparation of scientific projects and grants. Involvement of young people in their development gives them the opportunity to reveal their potential in the creative solution of current problems through the use of non-traditional approaches. An important issue is the motivation of student youth for scientific activity. Effective motivation should be based on the needs, aspirations and desires of students, the main of which are considered by the authors of the article. The authors’ own experience of the professional activity of the authors at the National University “Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic” made it possible to conclude that the scientific activity of its applicants is an integral part of the educational process. The university has created all conditions for the scientific activity of applicants of all levels of education. The article defines the main directions of scientific activity in higher education, the implementation of which contributes to the formation of future specialists’ readiness to independently solve complex problems of a search nature. The results of this study confirm the important role of scientific activity. It develops as much as possible depth of thinking, scientific intuition among applicants for higher education, forms research skills, cultivates the ability to work in a team, which makes them competitive specialists in the labor market.

Migracijska motivacija mladih Hrvatske kroz prizmu nekih stavova i mišljenja

Croatia, as a traditionally emigrant country, has experienced large population emigrations since the 15th century, and this trend has continued until today. With Croatia’s entry into the European Union, the conditions for migrating have changed significantly, and it has never been easier to migrate, with the majority of people emigrating being young people of working age between the ages of 20 and 39. This is also evident from the net migration, that is, the difference in the number of immigrants and emigrants, which has shown a negative trend in the last few years. Knowing and understanding the emigration motives is one of the most important preconditions to being able to influence the factors that encourage young people to emigrate. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the main emigration motives and their representation among young emigrants from Croatia through the prism of their attitudes and opinions. The research was conducted as part of the flzaJEDNO srce, jedna dusa, jedna Hrvatska« project, which was encouraged by the Humanitarian Association of Father Mladen HrkaÊ. The research focused on new emigrants to European countries, aged 18 to 40. The results show that, according to their statements and opinions, the motivation of youth from Croatia, in accordance with the theoretical framework, is based on the complementary effect of push and pull factors, whereby the pull factors are perceived as stronger motivational factors for the decision to migrate. This research, in addition to providing and expanding insight into the motivational factors of Croatian youth through their attitudes and opinions, emphasizes the necessity of further research and the expansion of scientific knowledge on which it is possible to base public policies.

“I always share content to be seen”: Unpacking sociability affordances in youth motivations and strategies for sharing content on Facebook

From its origins in social media usage, the term “sharing” has become an umbrella term for socio-technological competency. Even though sharing is a multifaceted construct – influenced by user motivations, expectations, and particularly the intrinsic and extrinsic social benefits to be gained – there are few definitions that approach it around these terms. We analyze these benefits in terms of what we call sociability affordances - i.e., social network site (SNS) affordances that arise outside either the merely material or imagined affordances - which enable individuals to take social actions toward social integration and interaction. Semi-structured interviews with young Chileans from three representative social media use typologies showed that each were closely linked with the performance of sharing actions for intrinsic and extrinsic social integration and interaction gains. Coding of interviews found four main sociability affordances from sharing practices: social visibility; audience engagement; social strengthening and enduring intra-personal communication. Based on U&G and self-determination theories, and rooted in an affordance approach, this study finds that online sharing behaviors are carefully weighed upon to achieve either factual or imagined social gains.

Rendahnya Literasi Remaja di Indonesia: Masalah dan Solusi

<p>The ease of access to social media owned by teenagers is considered to be able to make teenagers spend most of their time without clear goals. On the other hand, youth are part of a digital community that participates in the progress of their country. This phenomenon is the background of this study. The goal of this research was to find a solution to the youth's low literacy rate. The method of this study is a literature review. The research findings show that in order to realize literate youth, collaboration and commitment from three important elements are needed, namely family, government, and society. The conclusion from this study is that the solution to low adolescent literacy is to realize literate youth through efforts to build high motivation for individual youth to think, read, and write, which can be built through the role of family elements. The next element is that the government, as a regulator, can play a role in issuing policies that support Indonesian families to improve literacy. The author considers that the various benefits received by adolescents through social media should be accompanied by restrictions on access to their use. Limiting access to social media can be outlined in a clear government policy. The next element is the community, which can play a role in educating and raising awareness regarding climate change and strengthening literacy for young people in Indonesia through a healthy internet campaign for young people. Communities can also build youth literacy communities and obtain assistance from the government, both at the central government and local government levels.</p>

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Kadudampit Kecamatan Saketi Pandeglang Banten

Kadudampit Village is a village that needs attention, especially in improving human resources both from the educational, economic and social aspects. This is due to the low level of human resources in the village. The method of community service through student work lecture activities, namely community education and training is carried out in cyclical stages through seven stages: the preparation stage, the assessment stage, the alternative planning stage for activities, the action plan formulation stage, the activity implementation stage, the evaluation stage, and the termination stage. The results of community service activities consist of increasing public awareness of the importance of digitalization in early childhood education as seen from the increased attention of parents to improve children's education in Kadudampit Village through the synergy of teachers, parents and the community. The realization of a society that is aware of the law on sexual harassment and the community understands and understands the sanctions for violations caused by sexual harassment and what forms of sexual harassment are. Increased marketing of oyster mushrooms by way of counseling on how to package and market production as well as to provide understanding in the management of agricultural products in Kadudampit Village so that they can be used properly and improve the welfare of the community in the economic field. Then increase public understanding and participation in vaccinating and immunizing children without coercion, anxiety and fear in the context of preventing the transmission of Covid-19. The realization of a clean and healthy community environment, as well as increasing the interest and motivation of adolescents, youth and children in religion

The effect of response modality on reading comprehension outcomes with the SRSD instructional approach for a youth in a residential treatment facility

The current study evaluated the use of the self-regulated strategy development (SRSD) instructional approach to teach the TRAP mnemonic (Think before reading, Read a paragraph, Ask what is the main idea/important details, Paraphrase the paragraph) and its impact on youth reading comprehension performance. The TRAP mnemonic was taught to an adolescent female served in a residential treatment facility. An alternating treatment design was used to evaluate reading comprehension performance across oral retell, written retell, and written retell with word processor modalities. Social validity, treatment fidelity, and youth motivation scores are presented with limitations and areas for future research discussed.

Формирование гражданского патриотизма студенческой молодежи Юга России: факторы и барьеры (по материалам фокус-групп)

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined, justified by the need for "sociological appeal" to the problem of  formation of civil patriotism of student youth. According to a number of researchers, modern students do not have sufficient opportunities and conditions for full active participation in constructive civic practices, therefore youth patriotism, its attitudes and values are not fixed in real practices of civic engagement, which hinders formation of qualities of a citizen-patriot of him/her country among young people. Methods. The empirical research was carried out using the focus group method. During focus groups, students of 1-4 training courses of the University of Economics and Management (Simferopol, Republic of Crimea), Crimean branch of the Russian State University of Justice (Simferopol), Southern Federal University (Rostov-on-Don) were chosen. Two students from each course of various (humanitarian) areas of training were selected.  Results. In the article, based on the results of a qualitative empirical sociological research, an analysis of the opinions and assessments of student youth in the South of Russia was carried out regarding the peculiarities of formation and manifestation of civil patriotism, factors hindering its formation in the region; motivation of student youth participating in civil-patriotic practices was investigated. According to students' opinion, the most important factors hindering formation of civil patriotism are incompletely balanced educational and youth state policy, unwillingness of administration of universities to create real motivation for students' civil activity and create space for their self-organization. Among the barriers, one should also note the legal illiteracy of young people, the lack of necessary information about legitimate opportunities to defend their rights and interests.

STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI TOKOH HINDU KECAMATAN GERUNG GUNA MEMOTIVASI PEMUDA UNTUK KULIAH DI IAHN GDE PUDJA MATARAM

Hindu figures have an important role in motivating Hindu youth. In this case, Hindu leaders need a strategy in basic communication to be able to answer what problems can be overcome the issues they have. This communication strategy is structured because of the various information obtained in advance so that there is a more effective and efficient discussion related to Hindu youth education. This study aims to find out what communication strategies are used by Hindu leaders in Gerung District to foster the motivation of Hindu youth in their environment to open their minds so they can choose to study at IAHN Gde Pudja Mataram. The approach used in this research is qualitative. Theories used in revealing the forms and processes that occur are interpersonal communication theory, phenomenological theory, and Communication Strategy. The location of this research is in Gerung Utara District, West Lombok Regency. Data collection techniques in this study through observation, interviews and documentation. The purposive technique determined informants. The results of this study indicate that there are two stages, namely planning and management, to achieve a goal. At the planning stage, the process of analyzing in advance the problems in the environment, knowing the wishes of Hindu youth, determining the goals to be achieved by Hindu figures, determining topics to be discussed and raised by Hindu leaders, and determining the delivery media. While at the management stage it has a process of exposure and education to Hindu youth and supervision and evaluation of Hindu youth.

The Gendered Impact of Rural Road Improvement on Schooling Decisions and Youth Employment in Morocco

This paper examines the impact of a rural road improvement project on schooling decisions and youth employment in Morocco. Paved rural roads are expected to reduce travel time and costs, allowing additional school choices and increasing the motivation for youth to enter higher education. On the other hand, immediate earning opportunities created by new connections may encourage youth to seek paid employment. Thus, the impact of rural road improvement on schooling and youth employment warrants empirical investigation. We employ a difference-in-differences estimation using a household-level dataset collected under a quasi-experimental setting. First, we do not observe any positive effect on primary school completion for either sex, but we find a positive and significant effect on secondary school attainment or above for females. Moreover, the higher educational attainment of females is associated with a lower proportion of early marriage. Second, we do not observe any significant effects on self-employment for either sex, but we find a positive and significant effect on wage employment for males, which is pronounced among the better educated. Our findings reveal sharp gendered differences in the impact of the rural road improvement project, with increased motivation towards better education for females and paid work for males.

THE INFLUENCE OF INDEPENDENT PHYSICAL EXERCISES ON FORMATION OF STUDENT HEALTH CULTURE

The current state of health of students is analyzed in the article. The influence of independent physical exercises on the formation of students' health culture was determined. The concept of "health culture" is revealed and its influence on the motivation and morpho-functional state of those who practice is determined. The necessity of applying new approaches to the formation of health culture among students in physical education classes is substantiated. After all, it is the general structure of the value world of the young generation, the trends of its development and the level of interest in health issues that are the basis of the future of Ukraine. It was established that a culture of health formed in time has a positive effect on the level of physical fitness, motivation of student youth and their psycho-emotional state. In modern conditions, the importance of health is significantly rethought taking into account the understanding of it as an inalienable human right, from the point of view of existing threats and challenges, growing demands for the quality of health, technological and financial possibilities of its provision. The state of a person's health depends not only on biological factors, the environment and social environment, but also on whether a person's own health is valuable to him. This determines to what extent a person is ready to take care of him, to follow a healthy lifestyle, to a large extent, to be aware of the factors that determine the state of health.

The long-term effects of school education on further education: a longitudinal view on motivation and behaviour in youth and adulthood.

As school learning should enable people to self-determine their own lives, its long-lasting relevance for participation in further education is an essential outcome. Contemporary adult education research shows that beliefs and memories from one's school years have an impact on the motivation to pursue further education in working life. However, almost no longitudinal research exists that investigates the long-term forces behind adults' motivation to educate themselves. Hence, the present study examined whether students' learning-related behaviour, cognitions and emotions that developed in their school years are related to the subjective value they place on further education, their expectations of success in solving further learning tasks, and thus the likelihood of participating in further education. Corresponding structural equation analyses on data from the German panel study LifE (n = 1,110) revealed that the learning behaviour, ability self-concept and test anxiety at the age of 12, along with their individual change between the ages of 12 and 16, are associated in different ways with the attainment value and subjective costs placed on further education and expectations of success at the age of 35. In contrast, no influence of youth characteristics on the likelihood of participating in further education could be found. The findings indicate that especially the development of learning-related cognitions and emotions in secondary school is sustainably related to the individual's success expectancy and achievement value of further education. Long-term dependencies should be further investigated with regard to academic domains and socio-economic pathways.

Decent Citizens Serving Chauvinism. Social Portrait of Students Participating in the Blockade of the University of Warsaw in 1936

November 1936 saw the blockade of the University of Warsaw, an occupational strike organised by far-right students demanding the introduction of the so-called ‘ghetto benches’ for Jewish students. This article draws a social portrait of the ordinary participants in the blockade and analyses their motivations. I argue that the socialisation of youth into exemplary citizens of a modern nation-state created a fertile ground for far-right organisations and their demands. Moreover, the largest student association, the Fraternal Aid Society, became a space for self-organisation into extreme nationalist politics. Its leaders tapped into the positive motivations of youth, i.e. the search for a sense of belonging and the desire of individuals to fit into the normative order of the community. My examination of the blockade offers a unique insight into the academic background of the far-right and its means of political mobilisation.

Satisfied yet striving: Gratitude fosters life satisfaction and improvement motivation in youth.

Could 10 min of gratitude per week have the potential to change the trajectories of young students' lives? With over 1,000 ninth- and tenth-grade students, we tested whether a simple 4-week classroom-based gratitude intervention would prompt increases in well-being and motivate students to become better people and attain better grades. Over the course of 1 month, students were assigned to spend 10 min each week writing gratitude letters to their parents, teachers, coaches, or friends and completing additional gratitude-related reflection activities or to try to become more organized each week by listing their daily activities and reflecting on the obstacles and benefits (control). Importantly, relative to controls, students in the gratitude conditions reported greater LS and motivation to improve themselves and maintained these levels throughout the semester. This sustained self-improvement motivation and LS were partially mediated by increases in feelings of connectedness, elevation, and indebtedness. Interestingly, negative affect partially mediated the effect of gratitude on LS, but not on improvement motivation. No group differences emerged in academic performance over time. This study provides evidence that expressing gratitude and reflecting on their benefactors' actions may help keep high school students motivated and satisfied with their lives over the course of a semester. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).