Youth Graduates Research Articles

A Study on Unemployment rate of Youth Graduates Student in Malaysia

This study delves into the dynamics of unemployment rate among recent graduates within the first two years post-graduation. By employing Partial Least Square (PLS) as a statistical tool, the research aims to assess both the measurement and structural models, providing valuable insights into the factors influencing unemployment. This research aims to investigate how English proficiency, employability skills and job mismatch affect unemployment rate among youth graduate students in Malaysia. This quantitative research distributed an online questionnaire to collect data from 300 unemployed youth graduate students. The findings implies that English proficiency and job mismatch have significant positive relationship with unemployment rate, whereas employability skills possess a significant negative relationship with unemployment rate. The findings contribute to the continuous improvement on unemployment rate among the youth graduate students of Malaysia by English proficiency, employability skills and job mismatch

Analisis Faktor Penghambat Remaja dalam Melanjutkan Pendidikan ke Perguruan Tinggi

This article aims to investigate the reasons behind the decision of youth graduates from SMK/SMA/MA/equivalent in Sentol Laok Village, Pragaan District, Sumenep Regency, to discontinue their education and the role of the village in addressing this phenomenon. The study employs a descriptive qualitative research design, utilizing interviews and documentation as data collection methods. The findings reveal several factors contributing to the discontinuation of education among youth in Sentol Laok Village, including (1) lack of motivation and interest, (2) the desire for immediate independence and employment, (3) economic constraints within families, and (4) the influence of the surrounding environment. The village plays a significant role in addressing this issue by providing motivation and fostering a sense of aspiration among adolescents to pursue higher education.

Local Government Internship and Youth Graduate Employability: Perspectives of Interns, Mentors and HR Managers

In this article, I explore the relationship between the internship programme and the prospects for youth graduate employability as perceived by interns, mentors and HR managers. Unemployment, particularly youth graduate unemployment, is a major development problem. It is worrying that unemployment continues to grow despite major interventions. Among other interventions to overcome youth graduate unemployment was an internship programme established to provide graduates with work experience meant to improve their employability. However, it remains controversial whether graduate internship increases employability prospects of the youth. In this article, I seek to solve this puzzle. A total of 50 semi-structured interviews were conducted with graduate interns and staff members of the eThekwini Municipality in South Africa to elicit data. The results indicate that internship is not always the key to employability and youth graduates often require more than just internship experience to secure employment. In this article, I therefore recommend better internship planning and development. This could improve the role of the internship in graduates’ transition to employment.

Entrepreneurial universities and social capital: The moderating role of entrepreneurial intention in the Malaysian context

The mismatch of skills among youth graduates contributes towards existing social and economic challenges of poverty and unemployment especially among youths in most developing countries including Malaysia. Consequently, universities are mandated to transform into Entrepreneurial Universities as a third mission, driving state of the art knowledge, skills acquisition and entrepreneurial mindset that supports technological development and innovations to match up with the emerging needs of Malaysia's economy. Therefore, this study assesses the influence of entrepreneurial universities on the development of social capital. Questionnaires were used to retrieve data from a sample of 382 students in two Institutions. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The direct relationships between the three measures of entrepreneurial university (Input, Process and Output) indicated a positively significant relationship with social capital. However, the moderating effects of Entrepreneurial Intention were supported. Our paper contributes to the literature by examining the role of Entrepreneurial Universities using the three factors of inputs, processes and outputs on social capital development and concurrently examining the moderating effect of Entrepreneurial Intention. It also provides evidence-based support to develop models for emerging entrepreneurial universities in Malaysia which can help the national goal of reducing unemployment due to skill mismatch among graduates.

Entrepreneurial Intention among Undergraduate Agricultural Students in the Republic of Benin

ABSTRACT In sub-Saharan Africa, where the professional insertion of graduates remains a major challenge, entrepreneurship represents an alternative to youth unemployment. This study investigates the predictors of agribusiness entrepreneurial intentions amongst undergraduate agricultural students in the Republic of Benin. A sample of 351 final year agricultural students was selected from universities. The data were collected through structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and a binary logistic regression. The findings showed that 44.16% of respondents were willing to start their own agribusiness venture after graduation with a preference for agro-processing enterprises (35.48%) and crop production enterprises (26.45%). The significant factors that influence agricultural students’ entrepreneurial intention in agribusiness were age, their major field of study, type of university attended, previous experience in agribusiness, a role model as a friend, and perception of agribusiness environment. The study suggests the establishment of clubs for agribusiness entrepreneurship in agricultural faculties and universities; showcasing of young entrepreneurs in agribusiness through national competitions, and events, such as “Agri-Enterprise Week” at universities, inviting young agribusiness entrepreneurs to share their experiences with the students in the next generation as guests lecturer; and the creation by the government of a conducive agribusiness environment for youth graduates. In the light of these insights, several paths for future research emerge.

Factors Predicting Participation in Skill Acquisition Training Programme and Skill Development in Ibadan Metropolis of Southwestern Nigeria

Background. Vocational skill acquisition constitutes an important component of the educational process of training both young and old adults including out-of-school children. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which vocational skill acquisition training programme impacted the lives of beneficiaries taking into consideration the influence of socio-cultural and environmental factors on peoples’ participation in vocational skill acquisition training programmes in Ibadan Metropolis of Southwestern Nigeria. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 learners aged 11–50 years with at least two years of learning experience. Data were collected with a questionnaire and analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and chi-square analysis. Results. The results indicate that the majority of participants 41.3% (n=83) possesses National Diploma were unemployed youth graduates while 27.4% (n=55) possesses secondary education were out-of-school youth. A significant proportion of the age group 21 to 30 years constitutes the largest 65.7% (n=132) participated in vocational skill acquisition training programmes. The three socio-cultural important factors predicting peoples’ participation in skill acquisition training were cultural value system, social networks (family, friends and relatives) and customs and tradition disposition to vocational training programme. Again, the results also revealed that the three main environmental factors that influence learners’ participation in skill acquisition training were home environment (location of the training centres), society success stories on vocational skill acquisition and overemphasizing on skill acquisition to complement formal schooling. The main challenges facing learners to engage in vocation skill acquisition training programme were lack of motivation from the society, lack of modern machines and tools to work with after graduation, limited availability of industries for employment after graduation, limited opportunities for establishment after graduation and poor government policies on vocational skill acquisition programme. Conclusions. The out-of-school youths and unemployed youth graduates who participated in the study are willingly enrolled in vocational skill acquisition training programme based on the socio-cultural and environmental factors with the intention to acquired one skill or the other to be self-reliance. Having identified the importance of socio-cultural and environmental factors on peoples’ participation in vocational skill acquisition training programme will enable government put into consideration these factors in planning, organizing and implementing their vocational skill acquisition training programme in order to achieve desirable results on the citizenries. However, there are critical perceived barriers that need to be addressed, to enable more out-of-school youths and unemployed youth graduates with the desire to participate in vocational skill acquisition training programme to reduce unemployment rate in the country.

Youth high unemployment/unemployability in South Africa: the unemployed graduates' perspectives

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore youth graduate unemployment and unemployability as a development problem in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory study applied a qualitative research method to elicit the perspectives of youth graduates regarding their unemployment and unemployability. A total of 30 face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with unemployed youth who recently graduated from five South African universities.FindingsThe results indicate that, as youth graduate unemployment increases in South Africa, graduates become hopeless in terms of securing employment. The participants attributed their unemployment to multidimensional factors that include limited demand in the labour market, skills mismatch and lack of work experience.Research limitations/implicationsThis research exclusively focused on graduates from five South African universities; hence, the results of this small qualitative study cannot be generalised to the entire South African population. However, this paper offers important insights that may form the foundation for a nationwide study on a related topic.Originality/valueThis paper presents important insights that influence policy makers, government and other relevant stakeholders to develop alternative solutions to youth graduate unemployment. This paper recommends that government should play a critical role in bridging the gap between higher education and industry in order to address youth graduate unemployment. It also calls for a more cooperative effort between government, higher learning institutions and employers in order to create job opportunities for youth graduates in South Africa.

How successful is the Higher Institute of Energy, Kuwait, in reducing dependence on expatriates?

Imparting knowledge, skills and positive attitude is the core component of technical and vocational education. It is a dual system that permit students, if well organized and monitored, to transfer what they have learned in classroom, laboratories, and workshops into real work environment. It is an opportunity to overcome the shortage of skills in labour market and reduce the rate of unemployment, particularly between youth graduates. Technical and vocational education would not only contribute in reducing the level of unemployment, especially in developing countries, but also in increasing and diversifying productivity, reducing poverty level, maintaining social security and prosperity, decreasing crime rate, and maintaining a stable economic and political status. In the gulf states (e.g., Kuwait, Qatar, Oman), the shortage of indigenous skilled and semi-skilled manpower is highly marked in essential sectors of the economy (oil, electricity and water, infrastructure, health care). As a result, key figures have thoroughly realized the importance of forging technical and vocational institutions to respond to the needs of local industries and business. Kuwait, has realized and appreciate the urgent need of the health sector of highly qualified indigenous specialist and thus established the Institute of Nursing, IN, with the aim to overcome or reduce the level of dependence on expatriates in major hospitals and clinics. The research focuses on identifying and examining the perception of the head of nurses at the health sector towards the standard of the filed training program, and the quality of the Institute of Nursing, IN, graduates. The research is based on extensive field work that encompasses a review of the related literature, interviews with a sample of heads of nurses at the health sector. Finally, the research will argue that unless the IN recognize and appreciate the value of building a strong linkage with the health sector, its contribution in tackling the shortage of skilled and semi-skilled indigenous health care specialist will be below the government expectations, thus continuing relaying on expatriates for years ahead.

Involvement of Unemployed Graduate Youth in SMME Support Programmes: The Case of Mankweng Area, Limpopo Province

This article investigates whether graduate unemployed youth from the Mankweng area in Limpopo Province are aware of small, medium and micro-enterprise support programmes. The article also explores the unemployed youth’s interest in starting their own business ventures. This study is premised on the understanding that youth participation in the activities of small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) can reduce the high rate of unemployment in the country and can contribute towards bettering the economy of especially rural areas. This article applied a qualitative research method. The study focused on 15 unemployed youth graduates based in the Mankweng area. Data were collected using semi-structured individual interviews. The main findings indicate that only 27 per cent of the participants are aware of some of the available SMME support programmes; and only 40 per cent show interest in starting their own businesses. The study recommends that these programmes ought to be publicised more and be made accessible to the youth, particularly in rural areas. In addition, entrepreneurial education needs to start early at primary school level. Such early awareness will help to build entrepreneurial acumen amongst the youth.

대졸 청년층의 전공-직무 일치와 일자리만족 수준에 따른 집단특성 분석: 전공선택 이유, 취업 시 우선순위, 이직의도, 주관적 안녕감을 중심으로

대졸 청년층의 전공-직무 일치와 일자리만족 수준에 따른 집단특성 분석: 전공선택 이유, 취업 시 우선순위, 이직의도, 주관적 안녕감을 중심으로

East-West gap of the labor market performance for youth graduates in Busan

East-West gap of the labor market performance for youth graduates in Busan

대졸 청년층의 노동시장 성과 결정요인 : 대학 재학 중 노동경험을 중심으로

대졸 청년층의 노동시장 성과 결정요인 : 대학 재학 중 노동경험을 중심으로

The impact of active labor market policies on the employment outcomes of youth graduates in the Tunisian governorates

In this paper, we analyze the impact of determinant factors on the employment of youth graduates in Tunisian governorates, and the effectiveness of active labor market policies. Our main objective is to identify the relationship between active labor market policies and professional insertion by considering regional disparity. We especially distinguish between the inland areas (the West areas) characterized by the highest youth unemployment rates, and the coastal areas (the East areas) where this problem is less important. This paper is different and novel. It is the first work that analyses youth employment by governorate using the database of the National Employment and Self Employment Agency (ANETI 2013) -relative to the Ministry of Vocational Training and Employment. We have found regional disparities in the access to active labor market policies and employment. More precisely, the youth have more chance to be employed if they have more scarce qualifications, have participated to any active labor market policy and are from the coastal regions of the country.

Youth employment in start-up ventures in Jordan: an exploratory study

Youth in developing countries are faced with high unemployment rates, even when they possess higher education degrees. In the developing world, small business and entrepreneurial ventures constitute the main drivers of economic development and offer employment opportunities for youth. Nevertheless, when faced with a career decision after their studies, youth seem to prefer careers in established companies over start-ups. As a consequence, start-ups find it more difficult to find and hire the right employees although they are available in the market. This study aims at examining the factors behind youth career decisions to work for a start-up company and provides suggestions for both research and practice. By relying on both entrepreneurship and career decision-making literature, we developed a theoretical model that includes background factors and individual characteristics. Results from a survey on youth graduates from Jordan show that high school education fostered critical thinking, international exposure, creativity and participation to entrepreneurial events, which predicted the willingness to work for a start-up.

ATTITUDES OF BEDOUIN YOUTH GRADUATES TOWARDS SELF-EMPLOYMENT

This study aimed to identify attitudes of Bedouin youth graduates form both sex towards the self-employment in the study area and know the relation between the respondents characteristics and their attitudes towards the culture of self-employment, for determining the significance differences among them and find out the most important problems which face the youth to adopt the culture of the self-employment and suggestions overcome them. The study depend on social survey method using analytical descriptive studies. The regular students in faculty of education and on verge graduation were taken in Matrouh as studied sample. A simple random sample was taken of 170 students representing 25% of the total student number (676) by using the pre tested questionnaire to collect data after test. A number of statistical analysis tools were utilized such as collecting data, simple tables, frequencies, percentages, averages, person correlation coefficient, step wise multiple regression and T test. The results were as following: about 19.41%, 50.59 and 30% of the total respondents have negative, neutral attitudes and positive respectively towards the self-employment respectively. Person factor showed a positive significant relation (0.01) between respondents and all other studied independent variables such as looking for future after graduation, number of family members, fathers work, income, possessing of agricultural land, attitudes towards savings, cultural openness, the individual and family improvement, family possessing of small enterprises, satisfaction of projects, the university role in the formation of youth, common social values. A non significant relation was found between respondents attitudes and independent variable (current academic year). The results also showed that, there were 8 independent variables with significance in variance to explain in descending 72.60% of the respondents attitudes, social values role, possessing of agricultural land, looking for future after graduation, fathers work, individual and family improvement, satisfaction of small enterprises, cultural openness. A significance differences were found for males as compared with females according to the self-employment.

Nonparametric Analysis of Randomized Experiments with Missing Covariate and Outcome Data

Analysis of randomized experiments with missing covariate and outcome data is problematic, because the population parameters of interest are not identified unless one makes untestable assumptions about the distribution of the missing data. This article shows how population parameters can be bounded without making untestable distributional assumptions. Bounds are also derived under the assumption that covariate data are missing completely at random. In each case the bounds are sharp; they exhaust all of the information available given the data and the maintained assumptions. The bounds are illustrated with applications to data obtained from a clinical trial and data relating family structure to the probability that a youth graduates from high school.