Nonparametric Analysis of Randomized Experiments with Missing Covariate and Outcome Data

Abstract

Analysis of randomized experiments with missing covariate and outcome data is problematic, because the population parameters of interest are not identified unless one makes untestable assumptions about the distribution of the missing data. This article shows how population parameters can be bounded without making untestable distributional assumptions. Bounds are also derived under the assumption that covariate data are missing completely at random. In each case the bounds are sharp; they exhaust all of the information available given the data and the maintained assumptions. The bounds are illustrated with applications to data obtained from a clinical trial and data relating family structure to the probability that a youth graduates from high school.