Young Turkish Research Articles

MİMARLIĞIN ÖTEKİSİ VE ÖTEKİLEŞTİRİLENLERİ

Within the scope of this article, first of all, the concept of “other” is examined from the perspective of various disciplines. Following that, the approach of Western Civilization to the concepts of “other” and “otherness” in different historical periods is reviewed. The concept of “other” emerged in humanities with Modernity. The groups and concepts which were labeled as and diverged from the society in the context of Modernity are examined in the paper. Other subjects discussed might be listed as follows: the otherised groups by the young Turkish Republic with the aim of creating a new identity and the effects of this attitude in the mentioned period's architecture of Turkey in chronological order; the relationship between the concept of “other” and the “metropolis”, which changes dimension with globalization; the layers of global city shaped by the “other”. Also, the position of the other in architecture as an individual, the utopias and heterotopias as the spaces of the other, and the others” turned into architectural products are examined in the paper. Other subjects observed in this article are: the act of othering place and user as a part of marketing strategy, detaching the elements of local identity from their context and converting them into commodities and “patching” them to architectural product in the framework of globalization. This article examines the otherness situation which has a wide range with different dimensions and aims to discuss the potential of the “other” to become a multiplier rather than being a discriminator.

Environmental segmentation: young millennials’ profile in an emerging economy

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to segment young millennials in an emerging economy based on their environmental attitudes and purchase intentions. The study also attempts to describe the segments and highlight their differences in terms of happiness, frugality, environmental locus of control, and environmental knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThe study sample consisted of 227 Turkish undergraduate students. A two-step cluster analysis was performed on environmental attitudes and purchase intentions scores. The differences among the clusters were then examined according to happiness, frugality, environmental locus of control, and environmental knowledge variables.FindingsA two-step cluster analysis identified three clusters, namely, “non-greens”, “reluctant greens” and “true greens”, all of whom differed in terms of environmental attitudes and purchase intentions. Non-greens (n = 16) and true greens (n = 121) yielded the lowest and the highest scores for environmental attitudes and purchase intentions, respectively. Three clusters also differed significantly in terms of frugality. Environmental knowledge levels of non-greens differed from those of reluctant greens and true greens. There is no significant difference regarding happiness and environmental locus of control among clusters.Practical implicationsLocal and international companies interested in marketing green products to young millennials in emerging economies may enhance their understanding of non-green and green young millennials in the target markets and differentiate their marketing strategies for each segment.Originality/valueGiven the need for a better understanding of young millennials’ environmental behavior in an emerging economy, the current study contributes to the literature by segmenting young Turkish millennials based on their environmental attitudes and purchase intentions, further describing the consumer segments with different variables such as happiness, frugality, environmental locus of control and environmental knowledge.

The Relationship Among Food Safety Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Young Turkish Women

Objective: The aim of this article is to examine the relationships among food safety knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported behaviors of young women aged between 20 and 25 years and to investigate the mediating role of food safety attitude between knowledge and behavior.Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 1,219 young women, with a mean age of 21.3 ± 1.25 years. In order to express the effects of food safety knowledge and attitude on behavior, a structural model was proposed. First, a confirmatory measurement model which reveals how well the observed variables represent the underlying constructs was tested. In the second step, the structural model which allows for analyzing multiple regression equations with multiple dependent variables was analyzed. In order to investigate whether the effect of food safety knowledge on behavior can be mediated by attitude, the mediation analysis was performed.Results: The findings provided support for the hypothesis by clearly indicating that the relationship between food safety knowledge and behavior is mediated by attitude. This implies that encouraging food safety attitude by increasing knowledge rather than simply increasing the level of knowledge might be a more appropriate target for behavior. Although there are direct relationships among knowledge, attitude, and behavior; it is a fact that people's knowledge will not turn into behavior anytime and anywhere.Conclusions: Governments, food producers, food industrialists, and consumers must all be counted as the people who responsible for providing food safety. With this responsibility, the role of the government is to realize effective, widespread, and systematic food control. Consumers are the last point of contact to food; therefore, consumers’ knowledge and practice of food safety play significant roles in foodborne disease outbreaks. They need to learn about safe food handling procedures to maintain their health now and in the future.Key teaching pointsWomen have important tasks in the purchase, preparation, and storage of food.This article develops a mediated structural equation model to link food safety knowledge, attitude, and behavior.Food safety attitude has a mediating role between knowledge and behavior.In order to improve food safety behavior, it is necessary to improve attitude by increasing the knowledge.

Simbolika vode u književnom narativu Emine Sevgi Özdamar / THE SYMBOLISM OF WATER IN EMINE SEVGI ÖZDAMAR'S LITERATURE

Emine Sevgi Özdamar (born 1946 in Malatya/Türkiye), one of the most prominent representatives of German-Turkish literature in the contemporary German speaking literature, establishes in herIstanbul-Berlin trilogy The Sun On a Halfway an intercultural dialogue between Türkiye and Germany, between two cultures, two traditions and two languages. She creates a “third space” by using the model of aesthetic and literary hybridisation and by literally translating idioms, phrases, proverbs and fairy tales from her mother tongue Turkish into German. In the novels Life is a Caravanserai Has Two Doors I Came in One I Went out the Other, The Bridge of the Golden Horn and Strange Stars Stare at the Earth, the first person female narrator has woven her life story from the time before her birth till her early thirties. In her life between Malatya, Istanbul and Berlin, between patriarchal society, tradition, religion and social conventions, on the one hand, and the modernity of the West on the other, the motif of water plays a significant role. When talking about the river (e.g. about the Euphrates) and the seas (Aegean Sea, the Marmara Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn), about the rain or ritual wash, the nameless heroine sees the water as a mythical, religious and political sign in its role as blessing, healing, punishment, friendship and hostility, homeland and otherness. Through the water in myth, religion and socio-political reality Özdamar writes about a young Turkish woman in her search for identity between two worlds, two traditions and cultures.

Acute Effects of Red Bull Energy Drink on Counter Movement Jump and Repeated Sprint Performances in Healthy Young Men

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate the acute effects of Red Bull energy drink consumption on repeated sprint (RS) and counter movement jump (CMJ) performances. Methods: Nine healthy male students of faculty of sports science (mean age: 22.66±1.58 years, mean height: 173.52±5.48 cm, mean weight: 69.05±6.54 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. One of the treatment drinks (Red Bull or placebo) was applied with one week break in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design. The Red Bull treatment drink (RB) consisted of 250 ml of commercially available product in Turkey. The placebo drink (PLA) was a mixture of 220 ml of caffeine and taurine free soda ginger ale (Beyoglu Soda Drink Company), and 30 ml of free sugar lemonade (Uludag Drink Company). Firstly, participants performed three maximal voluntary vertical jumps, and then they performed accelerations and decelerations over 20 meter for 2 minutes. The RS test involved seven repeated straight-line 30-m sprints, separated by 30 sec of active recovery. Results: No significant differences were observed between experimental trials in terms of CMJ height (cm), total sprint time (sec), mean sprint time (sec), best sprint time (sec), and decrement of sprint performance (%) (p > 0.05). Conclusion: One box of Red Bull, produced in Turkey, was not enough to enhance RS and CMJ performances. Young Turkish athletes may consider the consumption of Red Bull to improve their performances; however, because of the amount of caffeine and taurine are much lower than ones in abroad, Red Bull might not be an effective ergogenic support. Keywords: Ergogenic, Exercise, Performance, Taurine, Caffeine, Beverages

Fish Culture and Blue Fish in the Civilization of Bosphorus

The nostalgic concept of “Bosphorus Civilization” reflects a time period, from the time in which 17th Century Ottoman era Istanbul that people enjoyed a luscious lifestyle, to the time Second World War young Turkish Republic did not take in war but experimented its difficulties. In this period which lasted approximately 250 years, “Fish Culture” did exist as a reflection of daily life memories and “Blue Fish” was a major part of this culture. In this work, dynamics of social group will be handled through a historic perspective, in a chapter where Bosphorus-style Istanbul life was formed. The life-style and social structure formed around “Blue Fish” will be relayed through literary texts (Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar) and memories (Asaf Muammer, Ali Pasiner). Günümüzde nostalji olarak anımsanan “Boğaziçi Medeniyeti” kavramı, içinde yaşam biçiminin de yansıdığı İstanbul’un 17. yüzyıl Osmanlı döneminden; genç Türk Cumhuriyeti’nin katılmasa da sıkıntılarını yaşadığı İkinci Dünya Savaşı yıllarına kadar süren bir zaman dilimidir. Yaklaşık 250 yıl süren bu dönemde günlük yaşamın belleklerdeki karşılığında “Balık Kültürü” ve bu kültürün başrolünde de lüfer yer alırdı. Bu çalışmada, tarihsel bir perspektif içinden İstanbul yaşamının Boğaziçi’nde şekillenen bölümünde lüfer balığı çevresindeki sosyal grubun dinamikleri ele alınacak, lüfer balığı çevresinde oluşan yaşam biçimi ve sosyal yapı, edebi metinler (Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar ve Abdülhak Şinasi Hisar) ve anılardaki (Asaf Muammer ve Ali Pasiner) anlatılarından yararlanılarak aktarılacaktır.

TAFRO Syndrome: A Case Report from Turkey and Review of the Literature

TAFRO syndrome is a rare subtype of the Castleman's disease which has been described over the last years. The name of TAFRO syndrome comes from thrombocytopenia, anasarca, myelofibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly. We report a young Turkish male patient presented with fever, night sweats, fatigue, nausea, bilateral pretibial pitting edema, abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. PET/CT revealed multiple lymphadenopathies in cervical, axillary, mediastinal, paraaortic, mesenteric and inguinal lymph nodes. Excisional lymph node biopsy showed atretic germinal centers and expanded interfollicular areas, containing sheets of plasma cells. The R-CHOP regimen was started, and his signs and symptoms improvedafter the treatment. The current case confirms the unique presentation of this syndrome, helping to understand its clinical course and treatment strategy.

Associations Between Zinc, Copper and Cognitive Performance in Young Turkish Adults

Background: Trace elements such as zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are essential micronutrients have vital roles in immune system functioning, cell propagation and growth, and cognition. Based on the importance of these elements, numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the relationship between the elements and cognition in humans. However, most of these studies were conducted in elderly, children or adults with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson. This study aimed to reveal the association between plasma levels of Zn, Cu and Zn/Cu ratio and cognitive functions in healthy young Turkish adults. Methods: We measured plasma levels of Zn and Cu in 37 healthy adults (23 women, 14 men, mean age 26,74) whose normal mental state had been assessed via the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Turkish Version (MoCA-TUR) test representing the major cognitive functions. Results: Results show a significant inverse correlation between plasma levels of copper and MoCA-TUR test score in men (p<0.05). Also, a significant inverse correlation of the plasma levels of zinc with MoCA-TUR tests scores is shown (p<0.05). Zn/Cu ratio was related to cognitive functions only in women (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that the Zn/Cu ratio, as well as Zn or Cu levels, are associated with cognitive function in adults. However, these associations are different between women and men. We concluded that this difference raised from different nutritional needs and mineral levels of sexes.

The Quest of Young Turkish Playwrights: In-Yer-Face Theatre

Abstract In-yer-face theatre, which emerged in Britain in the 1990s, became extremely popular on the stages of Istanbul in the new millennium. Some critics considered this new outburst as another phase of imitation. This phase, however, gave way to a new wave of playwrights that wrote about Turkey’s own controversial problems. Many topics, such as LGBT issues, found voice for the first time in the history of Turkish theatre. This study examines why in-yer-face theatre became so popular in this specific period and how it affected young Turkish playwrights in the light of Turkey’s political atmosphere.

Pedagogy of hizmet in Germany – non-formal educational practices and biographical views of its participants

ABSTRACTThe Gülen Movement, a global network and religious community revolving the Turkish Islamic preacher Fethullah Gülen, has become a topic of political discourses in worldwide media since the coup attempt in Turkey in 2016. Earlier, it was particularly known for its worldwide education activities. The article discusses first results of a reconstructive analysis of practices and biographies in a context of a weekly religious sohbet (conversation circle) for male university students within the DFG-financed project Pedagogy of the ‘Gülen Movement’ (2016–2019). The Islamic culture of education inside the sohbet can be understood in the context of ongoing educational inequalities of Turkish-Muslim students in the German migration-society. Against this background, in Germany, Gülen Movement’s idea of education hizmet comes along with certain religious practices and subjectifications, which aim to enable young Turkish Muslims taking a recognised standing in society.

Gebelik Öncesi Doğum Korkusu Ölçeğinin Türkçe Uyarlaması: Kadın ve Erkeklerde Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

objective: The aim of this research was to apply the Childbirth Fear – Prior to Pregnancy Scale as developed by Stoll et al. 2016 to determine the pre-pregnancy birth fears of young Turkish men and women and to examine the psychometric their properties.method: After the scale was translated into Turkish and back translation studies were carried out, it was presented to seven professors two midwifery, four obstetrics and gynecology nursing and one psychiatric nursing experts . With the proposal of the experts, the female and male portions of the scale were separated and 1100 students 543 women and 557 men who were studying at a state university were administered the Women Childbirth Fear – Prior to Pregnancy Scale WCF-PPS and Men Childbirth Fear – Prior to Pregnancy Scale MCF-PPS . The validity and reliability analyses of the WCF-PPS and the MCF-PPS were performed separately. In the validity analysis, explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were examined; in the reliability analysis, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient and test retest correlation were examined. The item total correlation coefficient and the significance levels of the mean of the upper / lower 27% groups were evaluated for the item analysis.Results: The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale consisted of 10 items and one factor in both female and male students, and in the confirmatory factor analysis it was determined that the WCF-PPS and MCF-PPS model had good adaptive values in both groups. The Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency coefficients obtained from the reliability analyses of the scale were 0.89 for WCF-PPS and 0.84 for MCF-PPS, and item-total correlation coefficients and test-retest reliability coefficients obtained at three-week intervals were acceptable for both groups.Conclusion: The obtained results showed that WCF-PPS and MCF-PPS have sufficient validity and reliability for Turkish university students

Editor’s Letter

Editor’s Letter

Two Engaged Utopias of Young Turkish Republic and Their Transformations; Ankara and Atatürk Experimental Farm

Two Engaged Utopias of Young Turkish Republic and Their Transformations; Ankara and Atatürk Experimental Farm

Psyche and culture: Perspectives based on the contributions and limits of ethnopsychiatry

The unconscious often appears in the form of a question or answer to the difficult relationship between the psyche and culture, a difficulty that becomes exacerbated when we are dealing with cultural difference. This difficulty, evidenced for example by Freud's thoughts on Islam, reappears, albeit in a very different way, in ethnopsychiatric theory. The author discusses the blind spots of the binary logic of the unconscious present in the work of George Devereux, a logic that eventually leads him into the same trap he had himself criticized. This discussion allows us to open up other perspectives, by moving away from the analogies, confusions and splits between the psyche and culture towards what binds them together. This link is sustained by language and its dialectics, at the crossroads of individual singularity and cultural codifications. The author's approach is supported by two clinical vignettes: one from a case of a young Turkish woman, the other concerning a male Iraqi patient, a survivor of torture. This approach distances itself from any psychocentric view that would see the psyche as closed upon itself and thus ultimately exclude any object‐relations and inter‐subjective relationships; likewise, it rejects the ethnocentric conflation of the subject with his culture.

P135 Determination of the whole HLA-DQB1∗06:37 sequence by the combination of long range polymerase chain reaction, next generation sequencing and phasing

Some years ago, HLA-typing (rSSO & SBT) of a young Turkish patient with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) revealed a DQB1 ∗ 03:02:01 in combination with a new HLA-DQB1 ∗ 06:02 variant , later named as DQB1 ∗ 06:37 . The DQB1 ∗ 06:37 allele differs from DQB1 ∗ 06:02:01 in two non-synonymous nucleotide positions in exon 2 (codon 70: AAC → AAG, Asn → Lys and codon 78: GGG → AGG, Gly → Arg). The DNA sequences outside exon 2 were not determined initially. Complete sequence data for HLA class II alleles are still limited and difficult to obtain due to special features of the sequences itself. It was our intention to develop a workflow based on LR-PCR and NGS to provide the complete genomic sequence of this allele. Therefore, we designed different DQB1 specific LR-PCRs. After DQB1 amplicon generation, NGS (MiSeq, Illumina), data evaluation with two different HLA software tools (NGSengine, GenDx and Omixon Twin, Omixon) we ended up with allele-specific contigs computed relying on a phasing analysis of the individual single nucleotide variants (SNVs) pattern present. The final alignment of these contigs was performed with the BioEdit (ClustalW) software together with the published genomic sequences of the DQB1 ∗ 06:02:01 , DQB1 ∗ 06:37 ( exon 2 only ) and DQB1 ∗ 03:02:01 alleles (IMGT/HLA database, http://www.ebi.ac.uk/imgt/hla/ ). With our approach, we were able to determine the complete gene sequence of DQB1 ∗ 06:37 (from 5’-UTR over all exons and introns to 3′-UTR), which is identical to the published gene sequence of DQB1 ∗ 06:02:01 differing only in the two above mentioned nucleotide positions within exon 2. The full-length sequence of the second DQB1 allele ( DQB1 ∗ 03:02:01 ) of the patient is identical to the published gene sequence. Applying LR-PCR and NGS including phased sequence analysis we were able to identify the complete gene sequences of both DQB1 alleles ( DQB1 ∗ 06:37 & DQB1 ∗ 03:02:01 ) of this patient separately. We hope that in the near future it would become easy to identify the complete sequences of HLA-alleles with the combination of these methods. Apart from compatibility testing this would be helpful especially for evolutionary and ancestry studies.

Risk Factors for Premature Hair Graying in Young Turkish Adults.

Premature hair graying (PHG) is a common condition resulting in loss of self-esteem. Studies investigating PHG risk factors for both sexes with a large number of patients are scarce. We sought to investigate the socioclinical risk factors for PHG in young Turkish men and women and the differences between the sexes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,119 participants who answered a survey about PHG and some socioclinical characteristics between February and July 2015. The number of gray hairs, onset age of hair graying, and family history of PHG were asked about, as well as demographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption, sports life, diet, medical history, educational status, occupation, marital status, monthly income, and Fitzpatrick skin type. Of 1,119 participants, 315 (28.1%) had PHG and 804 did not. Maternal and paternal PHG, alcohol consumption, presence of chronic disease, educational status, hair loss, perceived stress scale (PSS) score, age, and height were significantly higher in subjects with PHG. Rates of maternal and paternal PHG were high in women with PHG, and the rate of paternal PHG was high in men with PHG. According to the multivariate ordinal regression analysis, PSS score, age, hair loss, and family history of PHG were correlated with the severity of PHG. PHG is closely related to factors causing oxidative stress, such as emotional stress, alcohol consumption, and chronic diseases in genetically predisposed men and women.

Neck Circumference Positively Related with Central Obesity and Overweight in Turkish University Students: A Preliminary Study

According to the World Health Organization, central obesity is increasing alarmingly worldwide. Neck circumference is a relatively new method of differentiating between normal and abnormal fat distribution. The aim of this study is to determine the association between neck circumference and central obesity in young Turkish male and female university students. A community of university students based cross-sectional study was conducted on 319 males and 838 females and investigated the association between neck circumference and other anthropometric variables by gender. In male subjects, the neck circumference revealed a positive correlation with the body mass index (r=0.684, p<0.01), waist circumference (r=0.686, p<0.01) and waist/hip ratio (r=0.534, p<0.01). Similarly, in female subjects neck circumference revealed a positive correlation with the body mass index (r=0.482, p<0.01), waist circumference (r=0.479, p<0.01) and waist/hip ratio (r=0.246, p<0.01). Our study has demonstrated that the positive correlation between neck circumference, which is a simple and fast anthropometric measurement, and visceral obesity, is also applicable to university students.

Evaluation of female athlete triad and gynecological complaints in young Turkish female athletes

Female athlete triad (FAT) is a serious healthcare concern in the young female population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of FAT and its relationship with gynecologic complaints of young Turkish female athletes. This was a cross-sectional survey and included 87 female athletes involved in a variety of sports as a case group and 85 sedentary female university students from Ege and Celal Bayar Universities. All subjects completed a questionnaire consisting of 32 separate questions assessing eating behavior, menstrual status, gynecologic and systemic complaints, psychological problems, and sexual history. SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analysis. This survey involved 172 females in between to 30 years of age. The age of menarche was found to be significantly lower in the sedentary group (p = 0.00). Late menstruation and oligoamenorrhea were notable complaints among the athletes, and body mass index (BMI) was found to be statistically lower in the athletic group (p = 0.00). Cold hands and hair loss were seen more often in the sedentary group compared to the athletic group (p < 0.05). According to a logistic regression analysis, independent variables (BMI, menstrual status, and bone fractures) were found to be statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Excessive sports activity can be hazardous in young female population. Lower BMI might be related to menstrual irregularity. Young female population should be informed about this relationship, especially athletes who are particularly at risk. Certain precautions should be taken into consideration in this population in order to get benefits of sports activity.

The prevalence of premature ejaculation in young Turkish men.

This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of premature ejaculation (PE) in young Turkish men and to evaluate PE in a population having good physical and mental health. A total of 1230 healthy university graduates aged between 24 and 30 attending the police academy having no physical or mental problems were included in the study. To identify the presence of PE, the participants were asked to complete the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (PEDT). The mean ages in the PE and non-PE group were 27.3 and 26.7 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups concerning age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status and alcohol consumption (P>0.05). The PE prevalence was found to be 9.2%. The mean PEDT score was calculated as 6.3. Of the participants, 92 scored 11 and higher (9.2%), 66 scored 9 and 10 (6.6%), and the remaining 842 obtained a score equal to or lower than 8 (84.2%). The lower prevalence of PE in young Turkish men compared to the results of studies in the literature can be attributed to the physical and mental well-being of the participants. This study showed that the prevalence of PE in young men with good physical and mental health is lower than that found in the literature.

Recent Studies on the September Pogrom in Istanbul 1955

Drawing on theories of nationalism, two recent books by Dilek Güven and Ülkü Ağır engage with the September Pogrom in Istanbul on the 6th and the 7th of September 1955. To explain the pogrom’s emergence from its historical background both studies discuss the role of Young Turkish ideology, ethnic violence in the course of Turkish nation building, and the development of minority politics throughout the Turkish Republic. On the basis of interviews and archival materials, Dilek Güven meticulously reconstructs the course of events, the actors, their motives and the context. Ülkü Ağır analyses the Turkish press discourse in the pogrom’s preparatory phase focusing on the Greek Orthodox community. Critically discussing the two studies, this article scrutinises current conceptualisations of collective violence in research devoted to post-Genocidal Turkey.