Young Personality Research Articles

PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS OF MORALITY FORMATION

Background. Перевод The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that in the conditions of economic and social crisis, the former moral values lose their significance. This is especially true for young people who, without sufficient life experience, can easily succumb to negative ideological influence. As a result, they develop certain moral and behavioral attitudes. Purpose – identification of psychological factors and conditions that directly affect the formation of an integral moral structure of a young person's personality. Materials and methods. The object of research in the article is the consciousness of the younger generation, the subject of research is the psychological factors of morality formation. The article uses a systematic approach. The main theoretical research methods are analysis, synthesis and deduction. Results. In this article, the author divides the factors influencing the formation of morality into psychological and social ones. Among the psychological factors, the author identifies the most important ones: the influence of family upbringing, the level of primary education, the opportunity to receive productive feedback. The importance of such a factor as the development of reflexive abilities is emphasized, which the author attributes to the responsibility of a higher educational institution. It seems that taking into account these psychological factors will eventually achieve the expected result – the formation of a citizen of the 21st century with a stable system of moral values and attitudes.

Media educational approach to forming information literacy of lyceum students in Ukrainian language lessons

The article describes one of the current educational problems - the formation of information literacy of students in the process of learning the Ukrainian language based on the media education approach. The approach to learning was considered as a basic category that determines the further direction of learning the native language and the choice of the method of its implementation in further school practice. The article specifies the definition of "information literacy". The task of media education for the educational process is defined. The importance of using media texts in the educational process was emphasized. The goals, set for information literacy, are indicated. Theoretical research methods were used, which helped to more thoroughly investigate the aspects of the media educational approach to the formation of information literacy of a young language personality. Within the framework of the media education approach, the types of educational works are described. The general trends of modern times in the aspect of development and integrated implementation of the media approach to the subject of school education, which positively affects the content of education, are taken into account. The vector of this research is focused on the works of Ukrainian scientists. The peculiarities of studying the Ukrainian language on the basis of the media education approach are characterized. The principles of the formation of information literacy of students in the process of learning the Ukrainian language are outlined, which can ensure effective interaction of high school students with the modern media system and information resources. A number of works by foreign researchers were analyzed in order to describe how to correctly implement the media education process in Ukrainian language classes. There are several methods that should be used within the media education approach. It is taken into account that the ability to use various technologies and media means in the educational process is a significant advantage and progress in pedagogical activity. The importance of the development of the teachers themselves in the direction of technology is emphasized

Eating attitudes of migraine patients in Turkey: a prospective multi-center study

BackgroundMigraine is a disease characterized by headache attacks. The disease is multifactorial in etiology and genetic and environmental factors play role in pathogenesis. Migraine can also be accompanied by psychiatric disorders like neurotism and obsessive compulsive disorder. Stress, hormonal changes and certain food intake can trigger attacks in migraine. Previous studies showed that eating attitudes and disorders are prevalant in patients with migraine. Eating disorders are psychiatric disorders related to abnormal eating habits. Both migraine and eating disorders are common in young women and personality profiles of these patient groups are also similar. A possible relationship which shows that migraine and eating habits are related can lead to a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and subsequently new therapeutic options on both entities. Association of migraine in relation to severity, depression and anxiety and eating habits and disorders were aimed to be investigated in this study.MethodsThe study was designed as a prospective, multi-center, case control study. Twenty-one centers from Turkey was involved in the study. The gathered data was collected and evaluated at a single designated center. From a pool of 1200 migraine patients and 958 healthy control group, two groups as patient group and study group was created with PS matching method in relation to age, body-mass index, marital status and employment status. Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were applied to both study groups. The data gathered was compared between two groups.ResultsEAT-26 scores and the requirement for referral to a psychiatrist due to symptoms related to eating disorder were both statistically significantly higher in patient group compared to control group (p = 0.034 and p = 0.0001 respectively). Patients with migraine had higher scores in both BDI and BAI compared to control group (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001 respectively). Severity of pain or frequency of attacks were not found to be related to eating attitudes (r:0.09, p = 0.055).ConclusionsMigraine patients were found to have higher EAT-26, BDI and BAI scores along with a higher rate of referral to a psychiatrist due to symptoms. Results of the study showed that eating habits are altered in migraine patients with higher risk of eating disorders. Depression and anxiety are also found to be common amongst migraine patients.

KİÇİKYAŞLI MƏKTƏBLİLƏRİN İDRAK FƏALLIĞININ PSİXOFİZİOLOJİ CƏHƏTLƏRİ

Psychophysiological Characteristics of Identifying Activity of Younger Schoolchildren Summary Studies have shown that children of younger school age learn very complex mental skills and norms of behavior with amazing ease. Junior school age is a period of emotions, accumulation of knowledge, mainly assimilation. Junior school age is a period of gathering, memorizing and assimilating knowledge. Imitation is the source of success in the education of a young schoolboy. Students repeat the judgments of the teacher, give examples similar to those of their friends, etc. Although from the outside it may seem like copying, in fact it helps the child to learn the learning material. But at the same time, it can lead to superficial assimilation of those or other events. It is not typical for children of this age to think about any difficulties and complexities. The direction of the young schoolboy's personality is expressed by his needs and motives. There is still a high demand for game activity, but the content of the game is changing. now, while playing, he writes, solves problems, reads, draws, reads for ten hours. All this is important to consider when organizing training activities. Key words: younger schoolboy, intersubject integration, cognitive activity, psychophysiological features, assimilation, adaptation

Dysfunctional family as a determinant of mercenary and forcible crimes of minors and young people

The article is devoted to the problems of criminological determination of mercenary and forcible crimes of minors and youth. The author defines dysfunctional family as one of the main determinants of mercenary and forcible crimes among minors and youth.
 The article characterizes the influence of adversity in the family, defects of family upbringing on the formation of a young personality.
 The author analyzes modern criminological concepts regarding family problems as determinants of juvenile and youth crime and notes that the aggravation of problems of family dysfunction against the general background of poverty and constant need, moral and social degradation that occurs in families, lead to extremely negative consequences.
 It is a well-known fact that the intensity of crime is particularly high among minors and young people from disadvantaged families. Basically, drunkenness, drug addiction, and prostitution thrive in these families, there are no moral foundations, elementary culture. All this affects the formation of the character of the individual, because the influence of the family, upbringing is of decisive importance.
 Negative socio-economic and political processes significantly weakened the importance of the family institution as a social institution that protected children and youth. The majority of juvenile criminals were brought up in dysfunctional, single-parent families with a critical financial situation, and were witnesses of scandals and fights.
 Parents who lead an immoral lifestyle, are indifferent to the interests of the child, are unable to provide the proper conditions for the normal psychophysical development of the child, and the deterioration of the financial situation of families leads to the inaccessibility due to the increase in the prices of using the benefits of civilization and, combined with discomfort in the family, provokes minors spending more and more time outside.
 The article provides a criminological description of the modern aspects of family dysfunction, which are associated with military actions and the temporary occupation of large territories, and also complements the classification of dysfunctional families, which is developed today by criminological science.

Dysfunctional family as a determinant of mercenary and forcible crimes of minors and young people

The article is devoted to the problems of criminological determination of mercenary and forcible crimes of minors and youth. The author defines dysfunctional family as one of the main determinants of mercenary and forcible crimes among minors and youth.
 The article characterizes the influence of adversity in the family, defects of family upbringing on the formation of a young personality.
 The author analyzes modern criminological concepts regarding family problems as determinants of juvenile and youth crime and notes that the aggravation of problems of family dysfunction against the general background of poverty and constant need, moral and social degradation that occurs in families, lead to extremely negative consequences.
 It is a well-known fact that the intensity of crime is particularly high among minors and young people from disadvantaged families. Basically, drunkenness, drug addiction, and prostitution thrive in these families, there are no moral foundations, elementary culture. All this affects the formation of the character of the individual, because the influence of the family, upbringing is of decisive importance.
 Negative socio-economic and political processes significantly weakened the importance of the family institution as a social institution that protected children and youth. The majority of juvenile criminals were brought up in dysfunctional, single­parent families with a critical financial situation, and were witnesses of scandals and fights.
 Parents who lead an immoral lifestyle, are indifferent to the interests of the child, are unable to provide the proper conditions for the normal psychophysical development of the child, and the deterioration of the financial situation of families leads to the inaccessibility due to the increase in the prices of using the benefits of civilization and, combined with discomfort in the family, provokes minors spending more and more time outside.
 The article provides a criminological description of the modern aspects of family dysfunction, which are associated with military actions and the temporary occupation of large territories, and also complements the classification of dysfunctional families, which is developed today by criminological science.

Методологические основания интерпретации исторического прошлого как способа воздействия на сознание российской молодежи

The article is devoted to the problem of influencing the consciousness of Russian youth. The aim of the study is to analyze the methodological basis and methods of interpreting the historical past in order to influence the behavior of young people. The article analyzes the peculiarities and role of historical memory in the formation of young people's personality, as well as the methods of its transformation. The author comes to the conclusion that in the era of the postmodern turn in history, the leading direction of manipulating the consciousness of young people regarding the historical past of the country is a constructivist approach to understanding history and a set of technical manipulation tools that serve this paradigm of understanding. Methods of combating this phenomenon should lie in the cognitive sphere. History teachers at schools and universities today are literally on the front line of this battle. The future of the country depends on them. The problem of formation of historical consciousness of young people requires close comprehensive attention of the state, social institutions, scien-tific community and the response of society itself. The results of the work can be useful in scientific research and educational process in the field of national history, social philosophy, political science, sociology.

Онтология направляемого развития научных способностей молодѐжи. Часть 2: общая схема

The formation of a holistic ontology of developmental activities of gifted youth aged between 14 and 23, called “advanced educational and research activities,” which began in the first part of the article [1], is continued. This form of independent activity of a motivated schoolchild or student is aimed at satisfying his cognitive, intellectual and other needs and developing creative potential, is associated with the consistent solution of research problems, and is supported by a specially organized developmental scientific and educational environment, which involves a periodic unified assessment of the developmental effect and the scientific significance of the results obtained. In addition to the article's first part [1], the ontology of the development of a young researcher's personality characteristics, which include research activity, erudition, range of interests and socialization in the scientific community, is described. For the first time, on a quantitative basis using the author's mathematical model, the possibilities of taking into account the connection between research functionality and the research motivation of a young researcher when planning the developmental structure of research work are analyzed. The blocks of erudition, range of interests and socialization of a multifaceted system of criteria for assessing personal qualities are proposed. The general scheme of the guided development of a young researcher within the framework of his educational and research activities is described on the basis of such concepts as: multifaceted systems of criteria for assessing research work and the personal characteristics of a young researcher, a mathematical model for optimizing the developmental structure of research work, a mathematical model for the formation of optimal options for personal development, a consulting system of guiding support for individual development, etc. The introduced concepts are combined in the form of a graphic diagram of the ontology of guided development of scientific abilities of young people.

SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION

Physical education in schools is an extremely important and fundamental part of physical education and sports activities that play a role in promoting health and physical fitness for students, actively contributing to the training of students. , training people for comprehensive development to build and protect the Fatherland. Physical education is one of the comprehensive educational goals of the Party and State of Vietnam, within the national education system. Physical education is understood as: “The pedagogical process aimed at educating and training the young generation, perfecting physical and personality, improving working ability, and prolonging human life”. Physical education, like other types of education, is a pedagogical process with all its characteristics, with the leading role of the pedagogue, organizing the pedagogue's activities in accordance with the students. , in accordance with pedagogical principles. Based on references to colleagues' articles and State legal documents, this article will focus on solutions that contribute to improving the quality of physical education at the University of Transport and Communication - Campus in Ho Chi Minh City (UTC2)

The role and significance of mobile games in the process of psychological and psychophysiological development of young football players at the stage of initial training

Organized football increasingly goes against the capabilities and needs of the child. This trend is especially critical at the stage of initial preparation. In addition to the negative effects on the physical development of young football players, forcing training and ignoring their age characteristics has an extremely destructive effect on the mental development of children. The article analyzes the possibilities and advantages of pedagogical means of regulating motivational factors and the process of forming a number of psychological qualities and abilities of young football players aged 6 to 9 years. Suggested methods of personality formation of young football players. The formation of the sports character of young football players should consist of both team actions and individual characteristics.
 Focusing on raising children begins in the environment that shapes them. The most important component of the formation of a young personality is the psychological aspect. Due to various movements with and without the ball, children can gain game experience. Adapting exercises to the child's needs is a basic condition for preventing traumatic effects and promoting its harmonious development, creating prerequisites for stimulating independent thinking, using the "try to find a solution" principle. The work summarizes data from special literary sources and domestic practical experience, as well as analyzes the key factors that determine the dynamics of training and physical and psychological development of young football players. The mechanisms of the influence of the use of pedagogical tools of a game nature on the process of formation of the motivational, cognitive and psycho- emotional sphere of a child of primary school age playing football are shown.

Analisis Kepribadian Kim Ji Young Dalam Budaya Patriarki: Analisis Teori Sigmund Freud Dalam Film “Kim Ji Young, Born 1982”

This study aims to explore an in-depth understanding of Kim Ji Young's personality in the film "Kim Ji Young, Born 1982" in the context of patriarchal culture using Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The research method used is a qualitative method using note-taking technique. We used Sigmund Freud's theory, specifically concepts such as id, ego, and superego, to help us understand the inner conflict experienced by the main character. We also analyzed various events in the film that depict Kim Ji Young's experience as a woman in a society dominated by patriarchal values. The results of this study show that Kim Ji Young experiences complex internal conflicts while performing her role as a woman in a patriarchal culture. Freud's theory helps us understand how these conflicts arise and affect her personality. In addition, this study also emphasizes the important role of family environment, society, and childhood experiences in shaping Kim Ji Young's personality. This research has important implications in understanding the role of women in a patriarchal society and how psychoanalytic theory can be used to analyze characters in works of art such as films.

The experiences of parents in an early-intervention program for young people with borderline personality disorder features.

Previous research demonstrates that parents' communication skills may contribute to the development and maintenance of their young person's borderline personality disorder (BPD). Carers of people with BPD also experience their own psychosocial stressors and feel unsupported. Consequently, Dialectical Behavior Therapy for adolescents (DBT-A) invites parents to partake in group therapy alongside their young person. Despite this involvement, little research exists examining parents' perspective of engaging in a DBT-A program, and specifically whether they experience their own benefits and changes from being part of the program. To examine this, the current study interviews 34 parents who engaged in an early intervention DBT-A program. Thematic analysis resulted in seven key themes and 16 subthemes beginning with parents' expectations of the program, followed by the key elements of the program that facilitated change, and the actual changes and benefits attributed to these elements. Overall, parents were surprised by their own gains from the program, and how the skills they learned facilitated personal development that improved family communication and functioning with their young person and more broadly. This study addresses the gap in understanding the parent perspective with clinical implications for the benefits of involving parents in therapy more generally.

Personality and Psychological Predictors of Instagram Personalized Ad Avoidance

The purpose of this paper is to apply the meta-theoretical model of motivation and personality (3M) of Mowen to study consumers' ad avoidance in the context of online personalized advertisements on Instagram. The current study developed a theoretical framework that links personality traits with reactance arousal and ad avoidance behaviours. Based on the data analysis, it was found that consumers with higher general self-efficacy tend to have more reactance arousal (situational level trait) compared to ad irritation, ad skepticism (surface traits), and ad avoidance behaviours towards personalized advertising on Instagram. The findings will help advertisers and marketers in segmenting the market better based on young users' efficacy levels, navigational habits, personality traits, functional motives, and demographic variables to effectively reach the targeted consumers.

Mentoring as an effective form of formation and development of a young teacher's personality

Introduction. The proposed article is one of the opportunities to show the need to revive the institution of mentoring (tutoring) in the modern socio-economic conditions of the development of the national education system. Based on the research of scientists, the authors give a description of the main categories of research "mentoring" and "tutoring"; rethink different approaches to understanding their essence. Mentoring is defined by the authors as an effective form of formation and development of the personality of a young teacher. Materials and Methods. As research methods, the method of analysis and systematization of psychological-pedagogical theoretical-experimental and scientific-methodological studies of domestic scientists on the problem of mentoring, tutoring, support was used. Results. The historical and pedagogical analysis of the formation and development of the institute of mentoring in pre-revolutionary Russia, during the Soviet period of the development of the domestic education system and shows the possibilities of the revival of mentoring in modern Russia; the goals and objectives of the "School of Mentoring" in the conditions of the region are defined. The study of the problem of mentoring and tutoring forces a new assessment of their role and importance in the formation and development of the personality of a modern professional teacher, mentor, tutor, who can provide significant assistance in self-determination and adaptation to modern society of each student. Discussion and Conclusions. The article presents the results of the activity of the "Mentoring School" operating on the basis of the MAOU "School No. 187" of Nizhny Novgorod. Special attention in the activities of the "School of Mentoring" was paid to rethinking the system of methodological work, improving the research and methodological culture of the teacher, developingand implementing methodological support for generalizing the experience of mentoring, which ultimately contributes to the self-development of the teacher's personality, his pedagogical skills and career growth.

Interrelation of the level of satisfaction with appearance with value-semantic orientations and seif-attitude in the period of youth

The article is devoted to determining the value structure of the personality and establishing the place of the value of the external appearance in the general structure of value orientations; establishing the influence of external appearance on various spheres of students’ life; identifying differences between respondents with high and medium levels of satisfaction with their own appearance; establishing relationships between the level of satisfaction with the appearance, values of young people and self-attitude. The sample consisted of young people (n = 108), boys (n = 46) and girls (n = 62) aged 18-20, first-year students of the Urals Federal University, Yekaterinburg. The results of the analysis showed the following value-semantic structure of the young person's personality – health, self-confidence, personal development, love (physical and spiritual intimacy), material security. Appearance takes the 15th place. In the views of students, an attractive appearance affects the sphere of communication and friendship. There are no significant differences in the value structure of personality between respondents with different levels of satisfaction with appearance. The authors come to the conclusion that the higher the young people's assessment of their own appearance, the higher the level of positive self-attitude, self-confidence, expected attitude from others. The level of satisfaction with appearance and the level of self-accusation are in inverse proportion.

Parental personality and early life ecology: a prospective cohort study from preconception to postpartum

Personality reliably predicts life outcomes ranging from social and material resources to mental health and interpersonal capacities. However, little is known about the potential intergenerational impact of parent personality prior to offspring conception on family resources and child development across the first thousand days of life. We analysed data from the Victorian Intergenerational Health Cohort Study (665 parents, 1030 infants; est. 1992), a two-generation study with prospective assessment of preconception background factors in parental adolescence, preconception personality traits in young adulthood (agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, extraversion, and openness), and multiple parental resources and infant characteristics in pregnancy and after the birth of their child. After adjusting for pre-exposure confounders, both maternal and paternal preconception personality traits were associated with numerous parental resources and attributes in pregnancy and postpartum, as well as with infant biobehavioural characteristics. Effect sizes ranged from small to moderate when considering parent personality traits as continuous exposures, and from small to large when considering personality traits as binary exposures. Young adult personality, well before offspring conception, is associated with the perinatal household social and financial context, parental mental health, parenting style and self-efficacy, and temperamental characteristics of offspring. These are pivotal aspects of early life development that ultimately predict a child’s long-term health and development.

Developmental predictors of young adult borderline personality disorder: a prospective, longitudinal study of females with and without childhood ADHD

BackgroundResearch on the precursors of borderline personality disorder (BPD) reveals numerous child and adolescent risk factors, with impulsivity and trauma among the most salient. Yet few prospective longitudinal studies have examined pathways to BPD, particularly with inclusion of multiple risk domains.MethodsWe examined theory-informed predictors of young-adult BPD (a) diagnosis and (b) dimensional features from childhood and late adolescence via a diverse (47% non-white) sample of females with (n = 140) and without (n = 88) carefully diagnosed childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ResultsAfter adjustment for key covariates, low levels of objectively measured executive functioning in childhood predicted young adult BPD diagnostic status, as did a cumulative history of childhood adverse experiences/trauma. Additionally, both childhood hyperactivity/impulsivity and childhood adverse experiences/trauma predicted young adult BPD dimensional features. Regarding late-adolescent predictors, no significant predictors emerged regarding BPD diagnosis, but internalizing and externalizing symptoms were each significant predictors of BPD dimensional features. Exploratory moderator analyses revealed that predictions to BPD dimensional features from low executive functioning were heightened in the presence of low socioeconomic status.ConclusionsGiven our sample size, caution is needed when drawing implications. Possible future directions include focus on preventive interventions in populations with enhanced risk for BPD, particularly those focused on improving executive functioning skills and reducing risk for trauma (and its manifestations). Replication is required, as are sensitive measures of early emotional invalidation and extensions to male samples.

Special abilities and qualities of young fencers aged 10-12 as criteria for success in sports

Background and purpose. The success of young athletes depends on many personality characteristics and elements of the training system. The purpose of the study is to identify the most significant special abilities and qualities of young fencers aged 10-12 years old at the initial stage of training.
 Material and methods. Leading coaches and qualified fencers of sports clubs participated in the study (n=21). The participants were selected according to their rating among Ukrainian specialists, most of whom are representatives of fencing clubs in Kharkiv (Ukraine). A questionnaire containing questions about the main elements of general training of young fencers was used.
 Results. The main indicators of a fencer's general readiness are: intellectual development (knowledge, skills, abilities); physical development (anthropometric data and psychosomatics); physical qualities; technical readiness; tactical preparedness (understanding, ability, skills). The levels of significance of the specified indicators of the young fencer's personality have been established. The most important indicators are: intellectual skills (95.23%) and skills (90.47%); development of dexterity (61.90%) and speed (42.85%); the fencer's understanding of the purpose of performing technical techniques (71.42%).
 Conclusions. At the initial stages of training young fencers, it is recommended to pay attention to the special abilities and qualities of young fencers. This approach makes it possible to promote the success of young fencers in sports.

FREE SEX ATTITUDE OF YOUNG ADOLESCENTS AND PERSONALITY STRUCTURE OF SIGMUN FREUD

this study discusses free sex attitude of young adolescent and personality structure of Sigmund Freud. The first part of this paper examines young adolescents’ problem and the second part is about personality structure of Sigmund Freud. Free sex attitude of young adolescents is, nowadays, unresolved social issue which should not considered as simple issue due to its serious impact that may appear. This is an action which breaks certain norms and harm nation young generation. Young adolescent is a growth and development period of human life, in a process of growth from birth to transition period, from childhood to adulthood. In teen phase, improvement of sexual drive is the cause of free sex. Free sex is an attitude which is based on sexual drive to obtain sexual pleasant with opposite sex and it is out of legal marriage status. Personality structure of Sigmund Freud comprises three systems namely: id, ego and superego. These three aspects are psychological structure. Human personality acts or functions intact instead of separated segments. Id is a biological component, while ego is psychological component and superego is social component. Reviews of both personality structure of Sigmund Freud and free sex attitude of young adolescent are: (1) id: sexual drive improves and biological sexual maturity is imbalance with psychological maturity, (2) ego: Kissing, Necking, Petting and Intercourse, (3) superego: bad morality of the young adolescents in responding sexual drive.

Parent and Romantic Partner Behaviors during Adolescence as Predictors of Young Adult Positive Personality, Relational Competence, and Functional Independence.

Experiences with parents and romantic partners during adolescence are theorized to have long-term effects on youth development. However, little research has empirically examined the relative contributions of experiences in each type of relationship at different points during adolescence to positive development in young adulthood. The goal of the present study was to predict relative changes in youth positive personality characteristics, relational competence, and functional independence during young adulthood from specific behaviors experienced from parents and romantic partners during early and late adolescence. A diverse community sample of 147 individuals (59 males, 88 females) from the southeastern United States was repeatedly assessed across a 14-year period from age 13 to age 27. As hypothesized, parental acceptance and successful parental positive influence behavior toward adolescents at age 13 predicted relative increases in positive personality traits (e.g., agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability) between ages 23 and 27. These same parental behaviors measured at age 18 were less robust predictors of key outcomes relative to similar qualities of romantic relationships. Instead, romantic behaviors of toleration and appreciation at age 18 predicted relative increases in functional independence and relational competence between ages 23 and 27 (e.g., attachment closeness, reliable alliance, nurturance, and functional independence). Results suggest that parents' successful efforts to positively influence and accept their children during early adolescence may lay a foundation for future positive personality growth, and that similar positive behaviors experienced in late adolescent romantic relationships may help prepare youth to develop broader supportive social relationships and independence skills in young adulthood.