Young Officers Research Articles

Impact of a Total Worker Health® Mentoring Program in a Correctional Workforce.

(1) Background: Correctional Officers show signs of adverse health early in their careers. We evaluated the impact of a one-year peer health mentoring program for new officers based on a Total Worker Health® approach; (2) Methods: Cadets (n = 269) were randomly assigned to a mentored or control group. Cadets in this mixed methods design completed physical assessments, and surveys at three time points to assess demographics, health, mentoring, and workplace variables. Physical testing included several health markers. Surveys and physical data were analyzed as repeated measures. Regression analyses were used to analyze the relationship between mentoring characteristics and outcomes. A semi-structured interview of mentors was analyzed qualitatively. (3) Results: Higher mentoring frequency was associated with lower burnout. Health behaviors and outcomes declined over time in all groups, but mentees displayed slower decline for body mass index (BMI) and hypertension compared to controls. (4) Conclusions: A continuous peer health mentoring program seemed protective to new officers in reducing burnout and also declines in BMI and hypertension. Short-term physical health markers in younger officers may not be an index of psycho-social effects. A participatory design approach is recommended for a long-term health mentoring program to be both effective and sustainable.

A qualitative exploration of young people and prison officers’ experiences of empathy within a young offenders’ institution

PurposeThis study aims to explore the ways in which young people and prison staff (Prison Officers) within a youth custodial establishment experience empathy. Previous research tends to view empathy as a stable trait and one which people can develop through individual-centred therapy. There has been little consideration of the impact of relationship factors and context in relation to empathy experience and expression. The current study aims to address this by exploring the role of the custodial context in shaping empathy, including the potential impact of relationships, environmental factors and culture.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was used to enable breadth and depth in the exploration of this area. Individual, semi-structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample of three young people and three Prison Officers. Data was analysed using inductive thematic analysis informed by the guidelines of Braun and Clarke (2006) and King and Horrocks (2010).FindingsConstructed themes included “constructions of empathy”, “recipe for empathy”, “institutional investment”, “the value of empathy” and “doing empathy”. Together, they provide detailed insight into the interplay of personal and wider contextual factors influencing the experience of empathy in a custodial setting. The findings suggest that the way in which young people and staff experience empathy in the custodial environment is unique. The findings suggest that empathy takes place within the context of relationships and is influenced by the nature of those relationships, along with the wider social context within which it occurs.Practical implicationsThe findings of the current study support a move away from understanding empathy as an individual personality trait and instead viewing it as a dynamic experience that is changeable based upon the relationship and the context within which it occurs. The findings suggest that interventions aiming to develop empathy should look beyond the level of the individual and the relationship and focus upon developing environments that are supportive of empathy.Originality/valueThis study provides unique insights into the subjective experience of empathy in a custodial setting, presenting as one of the first to take a more holistic approach to understand this phenomenon.

The Spread of the Prison Subculture as a Driver of Its Destructive Influence on the Personality of Young Correctional Officers

Introduction: we study the negative impact of the prison subculture on the personality of a correctional officer. Amid the social crisis caused by the collapse of the USSR the prison subculture started to penetrate into popular culture. This was reflected in the widespread use of prison slang, increased interest in the way of “thieves’ life”, and the popularization and romanticization of crime bosses. Behind all this was the devaluation of the norms of law and the state, and the distortion of the status of the penal system officer. Aim: on the basis of generalization of modern experience in studying the impact of the prison subculture, we describe main directions aimed at preventing the destructive impact of the prison subculture on the personality of young correctional staff. The article deals with the issue of modern dissemination of the prison subculture among young people via the mass media, the Internet and oral transmission of information. Methods: we use empirical data collection methods (questionnaires, conversations, interviews), and methods of statistical analysis and system analysis of the data collected. Results: the findings of our research show that the prison subculture infects not only disadvantaged teenagers, but also young people from a socially favorable environment, who then enter departmental universities and serve in correctional institutions. Infection is assessed by the degree of internal involvement of a young person in the prison subculture. In the lightest form of this infection, they simply are well informed about what it is, know the meaning of prison slang expressions, understand the logic of the functioning of groups of inmates, and are favorably disposed toward these phenomena. When the infection is more complex, future and young correctional officers not only demonstrate awareness and tolerance, but also consider the prison subculture necessary and useful; they do not condemn colleagues who use it in solving official tasks and are themselves ready, if necessary, to act in this way. Discussion: general awareness of the specifics of the prison subculture is necessary for the penal system officer, but it should remain a professional knowledge that helps to assess social relations in the group and the operational situation in the correctional institution adequately. At the same time, the prison subculture should receive an objective assessment as an anti-humanistic and anti-legal phenomenon. Therefore, there is a need for systematic and targeted work to prevent the spread and deforming effects of the prison subculture among cadets of departmental universities and young correctional officers. Keywords: Subculture; prison subculture; inmates; correctional institutions; cadets; correctional officers; prevention of professional deformation; correction of the personality of a penal officer

Piano in the land of unsaid love – musical contexts of emotional lives of married female characters in Thomas Mann’s Buddenbrooks and Sándor Márai’s Embers

In The Sorrows of Young Werther, an epistolary novel by J.W. Goethe, we can find a literary portrait of a beloved woman playing a keyboard instrument. This is the motif Adam Mickiewicz referred to in his Dziady, Part 4. Both texts describe unrequited love to a woman belonging to another man. Belles-lettres reflect repertoire issues – at the turn of the 19th century girls from a proper home performed simple pieces, often dances. Subsequent decades of the 19th century came with the development of piano methodics, and composers wrote pieces which today constitute part of concert canon, whereas the piano became the perfect musical tool. The plot of Thomas Mann’s Buddenbrooks is set in the second half of the 19th century. Music plays an important role in that novel. Mann depicts the problem of clashing views in the marriage of Thomas, who was fond of “pretty melodies”, and Gerda, a magnificent violin and piano player who performed ambitious compositions and showed no mercy in criticising her husband’s musical taste. An important motif is the appearance of a young officer who visits Gerda in order to perform chamber works together. Thomas fears the mysterious bond between his wife and the lieutenant on the one hand and people’s opinions on the other. The motif of music as a platform for communication between a man and a woman can also be found in the novel Embers by Sándor Márai. Here as well it is a connection unavailable to the husband of the main heroine. At the end of his life, Henri, Christine’s husband, refers to music as the “melodious and obscure language” which allows “certain people” to communicate. Both novels include the motif of the end of an era and death of the characters for whom music was extremely significant and who performed compositions of the highest artistic value. Texts by Mann and Márai reflect a decline of a certain stage in the history of culture. It is also the end of the typical ways how burgesses and aristocrats spent their leisure time, how they treated the sphere of emotions and communed with the widely understood art. The result of these changes is the dethronement of the piano, which no longer was one of the most important pieces of furniture in a drawing room nor the most important instrument – as it used to be in the 19th century culture.

Impact of Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cognitive Performance among United States (US) Military Officers: The Ranger Resilience and Improved Performance on Phospholipid-Bound Omega-3's (RRIPP-3) Study.

Studies have assessed omega-3 fatty acids and cognitive decline among older adults and cognitive development among children, although less is known about cognitive or neurological effects among young adults. We examined whether omega-3 supplementation from krill oil could improve cognition and resilience among young military officers compared to a control. This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 555 officers (mean age 23.4 ± 2.8, 98.6% male) entering the United States (US) Army Infantry Basic Officer Leaders Course (IBOLC) with the intention to complete the US Ranger Course. Volunteer participants consumed eight dietary supplements daily of krill oil containing 2.3 g omega-3 or control (macadamia nut oil) over an approximate 20-week period. Cognitive functioning, resilience, and mood were assessed during a well-rested period at approximately 14 weeks and after a battlefield simulation at 16 weeks. Blood spot samples were collected to monitor compliance and dietary intake was assessed. All hypotheses were tested using both ‘Intention to Treat’ (ITT) and ‘As Per Protocol’ (APP) approaches. Of the 555 randomized individuals, 245 (44.1%) completed the study. No statistically significant group-by-time interactions indicating treatment effect were found on any outcomes. Poor compliance was indicated by lower than expected omega-3 elevations in the treatment group, and may have contributed to a failure to detect a response.

ЖАС ОФИЦЕРЛЕРДІҢ МОТИВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ЕРЕКШЕЛІКТЕРІ

The article deals with the issues of professional motivation of young officers. The concepts of motivation and professionalism are clarified, taking into account the professional and personal characteristics of the research subject. The functions of professionalism in the structure of the officer's personality is revealed. The characteristic of professional motivation is given, the components of its structure are revealed. The article shows the results of comparing the personal characteristics of young officers and people who do not work in the military sphere, civilian profession of the same age, i.e. indicators of motivation, self-actualization and resilience. For this purpose, the following methods were used: "Dominant motivation", "Self-actualization" and "resilience"tests. The results of the comparison showed that their professional motivation has a great influence on the activities of young professionals. In addition, only young professionals who have started their professional life with a certain set of motives will be able to effectively carry out their professional activities, solve their professional tasks and successfully perform their functional duties.

Medical-geographical and socio-hygienic aspects of adaptation of medical service officers to military professional activities

The relevance of the study is associated with the formation of a complex of stress factors of the environment in relation to graduates of higher military educational institutions and lies in the need for a systematic solution to the problem of adaptation of medical officers to professional activities in the Arctic. The aim of the study is to develop promising directions for the prevention of diseases and increase the efficiency of medical officers on the basis of a systematic study of medical-geographical, military-professional and socio-psychological factors in the formation of stable adaptation in graduates of higher military educational institutions. An original questionnaire Adaptation has been developed, which allows assessing the impact of the complex impact of stress factors. A systematic approach has been applied to assess the contribution of medical-geographical, professional factors, as well as lifestyle. Based on the results of the regression analysis, prognostic models of the influence of factors on the psychophysiological indicators of health, as well as correlations between the three groups of factors and the adaptive capabilities of the organism of military personnel, were obtained. It is concluded that the adaptation of military personnel in the Arctic is more intense in comparison with the redeployment in the subtropics and temperate latitudes. Ensuring high performance of young officers requires the planning and implementation of preventive measures based on monitoring the medical and geographical situation, preliminary adaptation to upcoming service activities, the development of infrastructure for everyday life and recreation of the families of military personnel, scientific support for the problem of redeployment of troops, including the adaptation of young officers. Ensuring high efficiency of young officers requires planning and implementation of preventive measures based on monitoring the medical and geographical situation, preliminary adaptation to the upcoming service activities, development of the infrastructure of everyday life and recreation for families of military personnel, scientific support of the problem of redeployment of troops (1 table, bibliography: 11 refs).

Leadership Lessons for a New Battalion Surgeon.

Military medical corps officers often do not have experience with line units until after residency. This case demonstrates the importance of understanding the flow of information within an operational setting. The case also highlights the challenges of advocating for patients as a young officer and physician.

Commanders of foreign order regiments in 1654: peculiarities of formation of the Russian officer corps

The subject of this research is the formation of the higher command personnel of the foreign order regiments in 1654. The article examines the details of the biographies of 37 commanders of the foreign order regiments that existed by the beginning of the Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, namely their origin in Russia, foreign service experience, production in the ranks, ethnic composition, attitude towards Orthodoxy, army allocation in the campaign of 1654, and share of troops they led in the chief armies. The work is based on the wide array of documentary materials of IInozemsky Prikaz (Office for the Affairs of the Foreigners) and Posolsky Prikaz (Ambassadorial Office); some of the materials are newly introduced to the scientific discourse. This article is first to explore the biographies of majority of commanders of foreign order regiments in 1654. Analysis is conducted on their origin, production in the Russian prior to the Russo-Polish War, participation in the campaign of 1654, ethnic composition, confession; classification is offered based on the service experience in Western European countries. The analysis of officer “services” acknowledges that the foreign order regiments in the chief armies were led by the most competent newcomer foreigners with the Western European military experience. The young Russian officers service led by the experienced foreigners became a pivotal stage in the formation of the national officer corps.

PENYULUHAN PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PENGGUNA BPJS RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM

This study aims to determine and describe the quality of BPJS Inpatient Health Services at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital, Deli Serdang Regency, seen from the theory of service quality standards according to Groonros (in Tjiptono 2011), namely professionalism and skills (professionalism and expertise), attitudes and behavior. and Behavior), Accessibility and flexibility (Ease of achievement and adjustment of services), Realibility and trustworthiness (reliability and trust), Recovery (Control of situations and problem solving), Reputation and credibility (good name and can be trusted). The research method used is descriptive qualitative. There are 22 informants, namely patients or patients' families who receive services, the Head of Medical Services as the one who knows all processes and conditions of service by employees at the service counter, one of the staff at the BPJS health service counter at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital, Deli Serdang Regency The data source used is primary data obtained directly from informants while secondary data comes from existing data at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital, Deli Serdang Regency, documents relating to the problem to be studied. The results showed that the quality of BPJS Kesehatan services in Grandmed Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang Regency has generally been running well, although there are still some things that need to be improved, such as the unfriendly attitude of young medical officers and new administrative officers, reliability and trust in administrative officers and medical officers is still not maximal, it still needs to be improved.

An Exploratory Study of Police Officers' Perceptions of Health Risk, Work Stress, and Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Outbreak in China.

BackgroundHow do the police officers perceive health risk, psychological distress, and work stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in China? This study explores the health risk perception, work stress, and psychological distress of police officers who worked at the front line to implement lockdown measures.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a large-scale field survey (N = 5,611) with police officers sample in the northwestern part of China from February 29 to March 7, 2020. Independent-sample T-test and ANOVA were used to analyze whether there are differences in health risk perception, work stress, and psychological distress between different groups. The regression analysis was employed to figure out the factors that influence police officers’ psychological distress.ResultsResults showed a gender difference in perceiving work stress among police officers. Also, police officers with chronic disease perceived higher health risks, more psychological distress, and higher work stress. Additionally, police officers above 45 years old significantly perceived higher health risks than young officers did. It also revealed that working hours contribute to police officers’ health risk perception, psychological distress, and work stress. Finally, our results highlight that age, working hours, chronic disease, health risk perception, and work stress significantly contribute to police officers’ psychological distress.ConclusionOur research verifies that there is a gender difference in perceiving work stress among police officers. Police officers with ongoing medical issues and above 45 years old suffer more during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Our research suggests that the government should pay more attention to their physical health and mental health. The heavy workload containing the COVID-19 extends police officers’ working hours, causing higher health risks, work stress, and psychological distress. This study contributes to the psychological distress literature and provides a way forward to other countries struggling to contain the COVID-19.

Deborah Zimmermann, DNP, RN, NEA-BC, FAAN

Deborah Zimmermann, DNP, RN, NEA-BC, FAAN, is chair of the American Organization for Nursing Leadership (AONL) Foundation.

Desperation in the time of COVID-19

Desperation in the time of COVID-19

Lost in translation or transformation? The impact of American aid on the Turkish military, 1947–60

ABSTRACT US–Turkish relations were marked by the primacy of military actors during the Cold War. This is considered to be the consequence of the so-called special relationship between the US and Turkish militaries based on mutual trust. However, historical record suggests that the two militaries clashed over a number of institutional, strategic and cultural matters from the onset. The US military assistance did not result in Turkish military’s transformation along the US military system. Nevertheless, it precipitated a long overdue generational change within a decade. The US-trained young officers purged the Prussian/German–trained old guard from the ranks.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОЦІНКИ ТА КОРЕКЦІЇ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНИХ СТАНІВ МОЛОДИХ ОФІЦЕРІВ НА ОСНОВІ ВАРІАБЕЛЬНОСТІ СЕРЦЕВОГО РИТМУ

Introduction. The author considers the importance of satisfactory physical condition of young officers during the performance of professional duties. The power of the circulatory system under the influence of loads of different capacities is considered in detail. The relationship between the tension of regulatory systems and the level of blood circulation is shown. Purpose. Identify and characterize the theoretical foundations of assessment and correction of functional states of young officers based on heart rate variability.Methods. Search on the available methodical and scientific literature with the analysis of the found material, clarification of causal relations, systematization, the analysis of documentation and results of activity of researchers on a problem of the spent research. To achieve the goal of the study used theoretical analysis, comparison, generalization and systematization of literature sources, including the study of empirical data on specific issues.Originality. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the availability of original research material in the direction of the study. The practical value lies in the presence of theoretical material on the study, eliminated among other things in the process of finding information on the topic, and in the systematization of the material of the research direction. It is noted that a set of tools should be used to determine a complete picture of the amount of functional reserve. The concept of "heart rate variability" is described. Varieties of methods of analysis of heart rate variability are determined. The peculiarities of the use of the hardware-programmed complex "Fazagraf" in the context of basic parameters are analyzed: standard deflection of RR-intervals, spectral power density in the low-frequency range, intensity index, parameter of spectral analysis of heart rate. The use of cardiointervalography is described. The effectiveness of using the Polar RS800CX remote heart rate monitor and the Polar Pro Trainer software package to obtain heart rate variability is reported. It is stipulated that during the research it is expedient to focus on such indicators as Total Power, High Frequency, Low Frequency, and Very Low Frequency. Three approaches to HRV analysis using geometric methods are characterized: measurement of parameters directly from the constructed geometric figures; approximation of the heart rate pattern through the construction of geometric shapes; direct description and interpretation of the form of constructed geometric figures of heart rhythm. It is noted that the main method of geometric analysis is the construction and analysis of histograms of heart rhythm. The study has a deeper degree of analysis of the research area, based on previous research by scientists, dissertators and researchers.Conciusion. Military-professional activity of young officers is carried out in the conditions of a wide range of factors influencing and is characterized by high physiological "cost" of results of military activity. The technology of diagnostics of the functional state of the body of young officers is proposed, which is a set of physiologically justified structural and functional components.

Do Ideals Differ and Matter? An Investigation of Authentic Leadership Ideals Among Norwegian Military Officers Across Generations – and Its Impact on Leadership Practice

The aim of the present study was to learn more about the content of leadership ideals among Norwegian military officers, and to what degree such ideals influence the officers’ actual leadership practice. We have also explored possible generational differences between generation X officers (born between 1965 and 1980) and generation Y officers (born between 1980 and 1998) related to leadership ideals. The sample consisted of 117 younger and 91 older Norwegian officers. The ideals framing the study were operationalized as authentic leadership (AL), portrayed in the literature as an ideal form of leadership. The results showed that the officers in both generations perceived all dimensions of AL as ideal. Younger officers, however, perceived an internalized moral perspective and balanced processing as less ideal than their older colleagues. No relationship between AL ideals and practice was found for the sample, after controlling for the effect of self-evaluations. However, the results indicated a positive influence of ideals among the young officers. These results are discussed in relation to the existing literature and practical implications. Suggestions for future studies are also outlined.

Between exploration and tourism: Carl Irminger’s Iceland travel diary 1826

Abstract In the spring of 1826, the young Danish naval officer Carl Irminger and two of his friends sailed with a cargo ship from Copenhagen to Iceland to stay there during the summer. This article is based on Irminger’s unpublished travel diary. Irminger and his friends blended in with the local elite, which provided them with equipment and contacts to travel. Their journeys out from Reykjavik were adventurous and depended on local guides and the hospitality of residents along the way. The tales of hardships during the travels, combined with contacts established during the trip, became important credentials in Irminger’s future career. He was hired as an adjutant to the Danish prince, and the narrative of his summer in Iceland ignited a royal expedition there in 1834, of which Irminger was to be the trip leader. Irminger’s diary reflects a broader shift from Enlightenment exploration reporting into Romantic travel writing, with more emotional and aesthetic emphasis. His journey was a forerunner of the nature tourism that eventually was to sprout in Iceland.

СПІЛЬНА ЮНАЦЬКА ШКОЛА АРМІЇ УНР В ПОЛЬЩІ НА ЗАВЕРШАЛЬНОМУ ЕТАПІ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ (1922–1924 рр.)

The activity of the Joint Cadet School (JCS) in the camps of the interned military forces of the Ukrainian People’s Republic (URP) appears to be an outstanding example of self-sacrifice and devotion to duty among the majority of cadets and officers. Despite all difficulties of existence in camps along with resettlements, a lack of resources, funds, and facilities necessary for JCS proper functioning, cadets’ vocational training, and their national awareness had never ceased. Thanks to teachers’ endeavors, cadets acquired in-depth knowledge on special (tactics, artillery, fortification, military administration, etc.), as well as general education courses (history and geography of Ukraine, military history, jurisprudence, the Ukrainian and foreign languages, and so forth). Importantly, JCS students on service and off-duty spoke Ukrainian as a matter of principle and fought as best as they could against the dominance of the Russian language in camps. In the circumstances of JCS chronic underfunding, it’s almost sole source for humanitarian aid was financial contributions and gifts from benefactors who acted as Ukrainian charitable and non-governmental organizations, as well as individuals. Their support did not cover all JCS officers’ and cadets’ needs, but thanks to these payments, its permanent personnel had a possibility to teach while cadets had an opportunity to study. Consequently, the Joint Cadet School ceaselessly continued cadet training resulting in four class graduation of young officers (in total, 259 standard-bearers), thus, making its honorable contribution in the enlargement of the UPR Army officer corps. Each of the JCS graduates had a destiny of his own, but solid foundations of statehood awareness in terms of independent Ukraine’s needs decisively impacted the majority of them, determining the rest of their lives and activity.

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION OF POLICE OFFICERS IN THE 1920S IN EASTERN SIBERIA

Introduction. The paper addresses the issues of the development of professional education of police officers in post-revolutionary Eastern Siberia in the 1920s. The archival documents were used to study forms and methods of professional training of young officers of workers and peasants’ police. The main of them were school training of the reserve and practical training of the officers in off-duty and on-duty hours. The study also focused on the issues that interfered with the professional training of officers and, eventually, did not allow the single system for the policemen training to be established. The objective of the study is to examine the issue of creating a system of training police personnel in the 1920s, highlight the activities of the administrative department intended to organize the professional training of police officers for the East Siberian region at a difficult time for the country, and the problems that arose. Materials and methods. The study employed synthesis methods, comparative analysis of historical sources, historical-system method, and the principle of historicism. Results of the study. The activities of the police of Eastern Siberia, which were aimed at the professional training of law enforcement officers, were investigated. The post-war Eastern Siberia faced a lack of personnel for the police since tsarist police were defeated, and the class approach to the personnel selection led to the situation where the policemen from workers and peasants were often poorly literate or illiterate. Therefore, there was an urgent need to establish a professional training system for police officers. Attempts were made to create this system, but they were unsuccessful in the 1920s. This activity, however, made it possible to lay a foundation for the establishment of such a system in the future.

Incidence of law enforcement officer fatalities related to motor vehicle accidents

A recent FBI report indicates that motor vehicle accidents (MVA) account for 71% of accidental law enforcement officer (LEO) fatalities. To better understand the factors surrounding these fatalities, a review of cases reported to the Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP) was conducted. A total of 738 MVA fatalities over ten years were included in this analysis. When comparing younger (<34 years) to older officers (≥ 35 years), there was a statistically significant difference with more younger officers reported to have been going at a high rate of speed at the time of the accident (p = 0.011) and were involved more often in single car accidents (p = 0.0207). The data also indicated a fatality rate of 5.4 fatalities per 100,000 officers annually; twice that of other professionals involving high speed operations. Even given the downward trend of MVA fatalities, policy changes and training to help reduce these number of fatalities is warranted.