Young Married Research Articles

Pathways of Early Fatherhood, Marriage, and Employment: A Latent Class Growth Analysis

In the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), young fathers include heterogeneous subgroups with varying early life pathways in terms of fatherhood timing, the timing of first marriage, and holding full-time employment. Using latent class growth analysis with 10 observations between ages 18 and 37, we derived five latent classes with median ages of first fatherhood below the cohort median (26.4), constituting distinct early fatherhood pathways representing 32.4% of NLSY men: (A) Young Married Fathers, (B) Teen Married Fathers, (C) Young Underemployed Married Fathers, (D) Young Underemployed Single Fathers, and (E) Young Later-Marrying Fathers. A sixth latent class of men who become fathers around the cohort median, following full-time employment and marriage (On-Time On-Sequence Fathers), is the comparison group. With sociodemographic background controlled, all early fatherhood pathways show disadvantage in at least some later-life circumstances (earnings, educational attainment, marital status, and incarceration). The extent of disadvantage is greater when early fatherhood occurs at relatively younger ages (before age 20), occurs outside marriage, or occurs outside full-time employment. The relative disadvantage associated with early fatherhood, unlike early motherhood, increases over the life course.

Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adult Dating, Cohabitating, and Married Drinking Partnerships.

Using data from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examined intimate partner violence (IPV) and drinking partnerships in 741 young adults in male-female dating, cohabitating, and married relationships. Cluster analyses revealed four similar kinds of drinking partnerships: (a) congruent light and infrequent, (b) discrepant male heavy and frequent, (c) discrepant female heavy and infrequent, and (d) congruent moderate/heavy-frequent drinkers. Overall, there were no significant main effect differences across relationship type and clusters. The type of relationship and the type of drinking partnership interacted with contexts examined (i.e., type of violence severity, gender, and whether the violence was perpetration or victimization). Given the severity of IPV in couple relationships, additional empirical attention to drinking partnerships is warranted.

The Effect of Community-Based Reproductive Health Communication Interventions on Contraceptive Use Among Young Married Couples in Bihar, India

The Effect of Community-Based Reproductive Health Communication Interventions on Contraceptive Use Among Young Married Couples in Bihar, India

The Impact of Parental Status and Gender Role Orientation on Caring and Postconventional Reasoning in Young Marrieds

This study was designed to examine the influence of sex and gender role orientation on adoption of the ethic of care and on postconventional reasoning in married men and women, with and without children. Parental status was unrelated to gender role orientation in men but was associated with masculinity in women, such that women with children had lower masculinity scores. Adoption of an ethic of care in men was a function of gender role orientation, such that only androgynous men did not evidence lower caring scores when they had children. Caring scores in women were a function of both parental status and masculinity, such that women with children who were high in masculinity evidenced lower caring scores. Postconventional reasoning as assessed by P scores on three dilemmas from the Defining Issues Test (DIT) were only influenced by sex and age but not by gender role orientation. Postconventional reasoning as assessed by ratings of all postconventional statements (R scores) was influenced by both sex and gender role orientation; in men, masculinity and femininity interacted such that androgynous and undifferentiated men evidenced higher R scores when they had no children, but only androgynous men with children evidenced high R scores. In women, gender role orientation did not impact R scores and neither did parental status. Multiple regressions indicated that for women, the interaction of masculinity and femininity, and caring scores, accounted for a significant amount of the variance in R scores. In men, none of the variables entered the equation. The implications for both Gilligan’s and Bem’s theories are discussed.

Reproductive Tract Infections Among Young Married Women in Tamil Nadu, India

Women often suffer silently with reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Studies of the prevalence of these infections in South Asia have been hindered by low participation rates, and little is known about rates among the youngest married women. A community-based cross-sectional study of RTIs was conducted in 1996-1997 among married women 16-22 years of age in Tamil Nadu, India. The women were questioned about symptoms, received pelvic and speculum examinations and provided samples for laboratory tests. Qualitative and quantitative data on treatment-seeking behavior were collected. Fifty-three percent of women reported gynecologic symptoms, 38% had laboratory findings of RTIs and 14% had clinically diagnosed pelvic inflammatory disease or cervicitis. According to laboratory diagnoses, 15% had sexually transmitted infections and 28% had endogenous infections. Multivariate analysis found that women who worked as agricultural laborers had an elevated likelihood of having a sexually transmitted infection (odds ratio, 2.4), as did those married five or more years (2.1). Two-thirds of symptomatic women had not sought any treatment; the reasons cited were absence of a female provider in the nearby health care center, lack of privacy, distance from home, cost and a perception that their symptoms were normal. Young married women in this rural Indian community have a high prevalence of RTIs but seldom seek treatment. Education and outreach are needed to reduce the stigma, embarrassment and lack of knowledge related to RTIs. The low social status of women, especially young women, appears to be a significant influence on their low rates of treatment for these conditions.

An Analysis of Factors that Influence the Number of Children Young Married Couples Have in Japan

An Analysis of Factors that Influence the Number of Children Young Married Couples Have in Japan

How the Negative and Positive Aspects of Partner Relationships Affect the Mental Health of Young Married People

The relationship between marriage and positive mental health is one of the most established findings in the stress literature. Few studies, however, examine the problematic as well as the supportive impacts of marriage on mental health. This paper uses a cohort of young adults who were sampled at 18, 21, or 24 years of age and resampled seven years later when they were married at 25, 28, or 31. It examines what factors are associated with the quality of marital relationships, the relative impact of and balance between negative and positive partner relationships on mental health, and sex differences in the determinants and outcomes of marital quality. The results indicate that the structural strains of parenthood and financial need and their interaction predict problematic and supportive spousal relationships and the difference in the levels of these two relationships. Problematic relationships with spouses have considerably stronger impacts than supportive relationships on depression. However, the difference between the amounts of supportive and problematic relationships with spouses has a greater impact on mental health than levels of either considered separately. Finally, relational quality has a greater impact on the mental health of wives than husbands. These findings indicate the importance of considering how marriage affects mental health in complex, rather than in straightforward, ways.

Passionate and Companionate Love in Courting and Young Married Couples

Sociological and social psychological discourse on love posits the existence of two distinct love types: passionate and companionate love. Little research, however, has been conducted to document the presumed theoretical differences between these two varieties of love. The primary purpose of this study was to examine empirically the extent to which passionate and companionate love differ on three major dimensions. Passionate love, to a greater degree than companionate love, was hypothesized (1) to be sexualized, (2) to be associated with intense positive and negative emotional experiences, and (3) to decline with the passage of time. These hypotheses were tested with data collected from a sample of 197 couples representing different stages of the courtship process and transition to marriage. Support was found for the first and third hypotheses; however, little support was found for the second. The degree to which passionate and companionate love were related to satisfaction and commitment were also examined. Passionate and companionate love were associated with satisfaction and commitment, although companionate love was more highly associated than passionate love with satisfaction.

Time, desire and horror: towards a history of the senses

Publishera s Note. Preface to the English Edition. 1. The Daily Arithmetic of the Nineteenth Century. 2. The Great Century of Linen. 3. Agitation in Provincial Theatres under the Restoration. 4. The Archaeology of the Housewife and Bourgeois Fantasies. 5. The a Sex in Mourninga and the History of Nineteenth--Century Women. 6. The Doomed Education of the Nineteenth--Century Prostitute. 7. Nineteenth--Century Prostitutes and the a Vast Effort for Nothinga . 8. Hereditary Syphilis or the Impossible Redemption. A Contribution to the History of Morbid Heredity. 9. The Little Bible for Young Marrieds. 10. Public Opinion, Policy and Industrial Pollution in the Pre--Haussmann Town. 11. The Peasants of Paris: A History of Limousin Building Workers in the Nineteenth Century. 12. The Blood of Paris: Reflections on the Genealogy of the Image of the Capital. 13. A History and Anthropology of the Senses. Index.

Employment History, the Sex Typing of Occupations, Pay and Change in Gender-Role Attitudes: A Longitudinal Study of Young Married Women

Abstract In this paper we probe the extent to which three dimensions of employment, employment history, occupational segregation by gender and pay cause young married women's gender-role attitudes to change over time. The longitudinal data are drawn from the Youth Cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience and cover a five-year period (1982–87) for a national sample of 2,499 married women aged 22 to 29 in 1987. The results show that (1) employed women became less traditional than other women in their views of appropriate roles for women, (2) the sex typing of occupations does not appear consequential for women's gender-role attitudes over time and (3) both pay levels and increases in pay alter gender-role attitudes.

Maternal Employment and Perceived Stress: Their Impact on Children's Adjustment and Mother-Child Interaction in Young Divorced and Married Families

The impact of maternal employment on children's socialization and mother-child interaction is of continued concern in child development and mental health (Buehler, 1992; Gottfried & Gottfried, 1988; Hoffman, 1986; Lerner & Galambos, 1991; MacEwen & Barling, 1991; Spitz, 1988). Although number of authors have pointed out the positive effects of maternal employment on children's adjustment (Barling, 1990; Hoffman, 1986; Hoffman & Nye, 1974), others have expressed concern over mothers' long and inflexible working hours, the lack of part-time jobs that pay adequately, and children's need for consistent adult supervision and high-quality child care (Howell, 1973; Hughes & Galinsky, 1988; Lerner & Galambos, 1991; Ross & Mirowsky, 1988; Voydanoff, 1984). Research indicates that maternal employment is multidimensional variable that has differential impact on children depending on the number of hours mother works, her job description, job stability, and role satisfaction (Bronfenbrenner & Crouter, 1982; Gottfried & Gottfried, 1988). Moreover, mother's perceived level of stress and her feelings of well-being, whether as an employee outside the home, full-time homemaker, or both, may be critical determinants of positive maternal parenting behavior and children's adjustment (Campbell & Moen, 1992; MacEwen & Barling, 1991; Patterson, 1990; Spitz, 1988). Maternal employment experiences may also have different effects on children's adjustment and family interaction depending on the children's ages and gender, as well as the number of children in the family (Bronfenbrenner & Crouter, 1982; Campbell & Moen, 1992; Kelly & Voydanoff, 1985; Zaslow, Rabinovich, & Suwalsky, 1991). Some mothers, particularly divorced ones, do not have the luxury of choosing whether to become working parent, because the family's economic needs override personal preference. Current statistics, for example, indicate that nearly two thirds of mothers with dependent children are employed outside the home (MacEwen & Barling, 1991). Campbell and Moen (1992) report that, in 1988, 54% of single mothers and 57% of married mothers with preschool children were in the labor force. Maternal Stress and Well-Being Rutter (1988) has described stress as centuries-old concept that still remains lacking in both adequate definition and understanding. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) describe stress as rubric consisting of many variables and processes (p. 12). One such process is psychological stress, which the authors describe as a particular relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as taxing or exceeding his or her resources and endangering his or her well-being (p. 18). Psychological stress may be result of cumulative and/or severely taxing life events such as divorce, ill health, or the death of family member. Other sources of psychological stress, however, are the routine events or daily that accumulate, frustrate, and irritate family members (Kanner, Coyne, Schaefer, & Lazarus, 1981). Such hassles include relatively minor-but annoying-practical concerns, such as misplacing or losing things, traffic problems, demands of children, concerns about money, and pressures from work overload. The limited research that is available concerning the effect of maternal hassles on the mother-child relationship suggests that these stressors may negatively influence both mother's perceptions of her child's adjustment and the quality of mother-child interaction (Crnic & Greenberg, 1990; Gelfand, Teti, & Fox, 1992; Patterson, 1988). Hassles may also influence these variables indirectly through their negative association with mothers' feelings of well-being, construct that has been reported to be positively associated with child outcomes and the quality of mother-child relationships, especially among divorced families (Forgatch, Patterson, & Skinner, 1988; Garmezy, Mastin, & Tellegin, 1984; Kanner et al. …

Family Transitions, Housing Market Context, and First Home Purchase by Young Married Households

This paper examines the relation of family transitions and housing market context to home purchase by young married households. The effects of family socioeconomic and housing market characteristics are examined. Earnings of the husband and the wife number of children county-level median home value and county-level home ownership rate each predict the timing of home purchases. There is no evidence that the effects of family variables differ by housing market characteristics. This suggests that during the 1970s families did not adapt to higher housing prices by different fertility or work behavior. The data are from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics. (EXCERPT)

Family Transitions, Housing Market Context, and First Home Purchase by Young Married Households

Family Transitions, Housing Market Context, and First Home Purchase by Young Married Households

For Better or for Worse . . .

For Better or for Worse . . . Bea Knodel (bio) Sinclair Lewis, in the Novels of his most satisfactorily productive decade, the 1920s, looks critically but often with incisive clarity at American life. In portraying the vulgarity and stultifying narrowness of the small town as exemplified by Gopher Prairie, the essential emptiness of the life of George F. Babbitt, or the yearnings and self-searchings of Sam Dodsworth as he measures the American experience against the European, Lewis was also portraying marriages—occasionally happy marriages, many humdrum marriages, and some utterly wretched marriages—and in the process he made some telling comments about what marriage meant to American wives in the first quarter of the twentieth century. If it is true, as Daniel Aaron has said, that Main Street is "a work of historical importance . . . not merely as a reflection partly unconscious, of American tastes and assumptions, but also because it helped Americans to understand themselves" (177); if The New York Times saw the central character in Babbitt as "real, alive and [End Page 555] recognizable as a known, familiar, and abundant type" (Schorer 345); and if in Dodsworth Lewis presented once again a representative type of American, "the American boy-man, the 'mythical' archetype" (Moore 160), it then seems fair to use these three novels as a means of seeing into a time now gone and of examining the lives of women in that vanished time. Happy wives are not much seen in Main Street, Babbitt, and Dodsworth. Occasionally, there are wives who at least appear to enjoy their lives and their marriages; and there are two, Vida Sherwin Wutherspoon and Bea Sorenson Bjornstam (both in Main Street), who are most definitely, most radiantly married. It may be, of course, that some of the wives who appear to be happy are simply not unhappy, an entirely different thing; but there is a quality of enjoyment of life in women such as Juanita Haydock (Main Street) and Matey Pearson (Dodsworth) that seems to argue that they find their days, their husbands, and their own roles satisfactory enough. Juanita is described as "acidulous and shrewd and cackling" (242). Her home, carefully detailed by Lewis, is new, an over-heated concrete bungalow furnished to a pitch of Gopher Prairie fashion, and she herself is "highly advanced in the matters of finger-bowls, doilies, and bath mats" (90). That she sees herself as having achieved distinction as the leading light of the Young Married Set, Lewis assures us; that she sees any reason to question the absolute significance of that achievement, we are nowhere led to believe. She accepts the limitations of Gopher Prairie because she does not recognize it as having limitations. She enjoys the summers at the lake, the squabbles with the grocer, and the social eminence of the Jolly Seventeen. She is, in short, satisfied. Matey Pearson, the wife of Sam Dodsworth's longtime friend Tub, is, in almost every particular, vastly different from Juanita Haydock; but Matey, like Juanita, has apparently found happiness in an acceptance of things as they are. Fran Dodsworth may dismiss Matey as "dreadfully uninteresting. And fat!" (257), but Matey plays "a rare shrewd game of poker" (263), dances lightly, grows Zenith's most admirable dahlias, and shows herself cheerfully affectionate toward her husband, whom she says, with apparent truth, she adores. Lewis does not show us many details in the lives of Juanita and Matey or of other women who appear to find their lives and their marriages satisfactory, but the glimpses [End Page 556] he does reveal are of pleasures enjoyed, not of dull boredom or lonely pain. Lewis goes much further, however, in showing the possibilities for wives' finding happiness when, in Main Street, he describes the marriages of Vida Sherwin and Bea Sorenson. And because, Tolstoy's remark to the contrary, all happy families are not alike, it is worthwhile to explore in some detail the reasons why Vida and Bea are so happily married. Vida is thirty-nine years old when she marries Raymie Wutherspoon, and she has behind her long years of struggling with sexual "fears, longing, and guilt" (244), of knowing she is perceived as plain, the stereotypical old maid...

Employment, Family Roles, and Mental Ill Health in Young Married Women

Women are entering the labor force at unprecedented rates, many combining employment with their roles as wives and mothers. The purpose of this study was to determine if the complement of women's roles was associated with negative mental health effects. It was hypothesized that multiple roles would have negative effects on mental health only in the presence of a social context that itself was associated with symptoms of mental ill health. The contextual variables included influence of sex role norms, task-sharing support from the spouse, and support from a confidant. A sample of 140 married women randomly selected from registrants at a family health clinic were interviewed about their roles and mental health. The complement of the women's roles was not associated with mental ill health, nor was there a clear relationship between employment or parenting on mental health. Each of the contextual variables had a moderate influence on symptoms of mental ill health. Women who had traditional sex role norms, little task-sharing support from a spouse, and little support from a confidant had poorer mental health than their counterparts. Thus, in this sample, the context for role performance had a stronger influence on mental health than did the actual roles women performed. In addition, the importance of the social contextual variables was contingent on the woman's complement of roles. For women who were both spouse and parent, confiding support was most important.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Labor Market Participation of Young Married Women: Causes and Effects

The increasing labor-force participation of married women cannot be adequately explained without taking into account the change in attitudes toward women working outside the home. Attitudes continue to be an important determinant of a woman's work status but are in turn influenced by her work status. Specifically, the findings are consistent with the interpretation that husbands' attitudes tend to become unfavorable toward women in the labor market when they become used to a wife who is a fulltime homemaker. Overall, the evidence points toward continuation of recent trends in female labor-force participation, unless there is prolonged severe unemployment.

Dual-Career Couples.

The book presents original essays which confront the stresses and felicities of marriages in which both partners work. The editor and other distinguished figures in women's studies place the dual career family in the context of the women's movement and review the literature on it, and proceed to consider such topics as parenthood, young marrieds, equal opportunity laws, salaries, and the job market. 'I think this is a good book which deserves space on the shelves of those interested in dual-career couples. The book accurately reflects the state of the art in this field of study. It explicates the tremendous stresses faced by dual-career couples, and the non-accommodation of the workplace to this non-traditional form. It makes abundantly clear the tendency for both spouses in dual-career couples to subordinate the wife's career, and the likelihood that wives will assume a greater share of both homemaking and parenting roles.' -- Sex Roles, Vol 7 No 11, 1981

Problems of Marriage and Sexuality Today by Peter J. Riga

790 BOOK REVIEWS Problems of Marriage and Sexuality Today. By PETER J. RmA. New York: Exposition Press. Pp. 126. $5.00. The prolific Peter J. Riga has in this book turned his hand to some of the problems surrounding the understanding of sexuality and the meaning of marriage in a way that is much less than the " definitive treatment " advertized on the jacket of the book. What we have here is a popular exposition of some of the themes drawn from the biblical and phenomenological fields that are now the argot of a renewed moral theology. There is also a treatment of several specific problems arising to-day: "The New Morality" Abortion, Over-Population, Women's Liberation, etc., as well as several pages of advice to pastors on how to direct their apostolates towards the needs of the threatened nuclear family. This is a useful book for young adults, young marrieds, and those who serve them. The Catholic University of America Washington, D. C. WILLIAM J. HAYES, O.P. Psychology for Church Leaders Series. By GARY R. CoLLINS. Vol. m. Fractured Personalities: The Psychology of Mental Illness. Carol Stream, Ill.: Creation House, 1972. Pp. 217. $2.95. This volume is not intended to be a comprehensive introduction to the field of mental illness but psychological conclusions which are most relevant and practical for a church leader. An earlier volume imparted an understanding of counseling skills. More than skills are needed, and so this book's purpose is to give the church leader some knowledge about the nature and causes of mental illness. The author does this very well. According to Collins, a normal person is one who is at peace with society, himself, and God. A person is abnormal if he is at odds with the social expectations of his society or experiences internal conflict which leads to intense and prolonged feelings of insecurity, anxiety or unhappiness. Finally, a person is abnormal if he is alienated from God. Abnormality is considered under the concepts of cause, symptom, diagnosis, treatment, and types. Collins is more successful in integrating the religious dimensions than in previous volumes of this series. Each chapter contains a discussion of the related religious dimensions, and he is convinced that religion has a role in overcoming mental stress. In fact, the pastor has a unique role in dealing with the mentally disturbed, and he should be a member of the hospital team. Clinical Pastoral Education and similar programs are assisting chaplains and pastors to handle this ...

1984 the era of young marrieds.

1984 the era of young marrieds.

AN ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALIZATIONS.

In order to develop some understanding of community social structure and its association with psychiatric inpatient medical care patterns, first admission rates for psychiatric disorders into both public and private facilities were determined for each of the 33 census tracts of Pueblo, Colorado. At the same time a cluster analysis was made of the structure of these tracts. Four well- defined clusters were identified (socio-economic affluence, young marrieds, social isolation, and social disequilibrium) and strikingly high differential relationships found between the cluster scores and psychiatric inpatient care patterns. Implications of the findings for preventive strategies and for. social etiology hypotheses are presented.