Young Lad Research Articles

Plumbing the human genome

Even the best and brightest minds have their weaknesses. As a senior British civil servant once observed, the human brain is a remarkable organ, “It begins working the moment you are born and never stops until you stand up to speak in public”. But, unless you are a politician or a sports commentator, at least spoken gaffes are quickly forgotten. The situation is worse for those of us used to communicating mainly with the written word. Our solecisms are committed to paper, for everyone to see. For budding scientists, the danger begins at an early age, and exam howlers have long been a rich source of examples. Take, for instance, the young lad who wrote that his baby sister was so small that she had to be put in an accumulator, or the little girl who sadly thought that to be a good nurse you have to be absolutely sterile. Some errors even have elements of greatness about them. There are four symptoms of the common cold (wrote one candidate): two I forget and the other two are too well-known to mention (not outstanding science, but excellent political potential). Among the easiest mistakes

Evolution of a Company

TARA presented its first production, Tagore's Sacrifice, in 1977, so this year marks the company's Sacrifice, in 1977, so this year marks the company's twentieth anniversary. How did it come into being?It was, as with most companies, a mixture of accident and intention. The intention part of it relates to 4 June 1976, which was a day when this young Sikh lad in Southall, Gurdeep Singh Chaggar, was killed. It became very obvious within a day or so that this was a racist murder. In retrospect it doesn't seem to be a terribly significant thing, because we've had so many; but at the time it galvanized a particular generation of Asians.

Committed by Justice Fielding: Judicial and Journalistic Representation in the Bow Street Magistrate's Office January 3-November 24, 1752

Committed by Justice Fielding: Judicial and Journalistic Representation in the Bow Street Magistrate’s Office January 3–November 24, 1752 Lance Bertelsen (bio) On Tuesday last William Neal was committed to Prison by Justice Fielding, for stealing several iron Rails, the property of Sir Francis Head: as was Christopher Emners, for picking the Pocket of Mr. Rolte of a silk Handkerchief; and John Marsh on an Indictment of wilful and corrupt Perjury. The same Day one Thomas Halwyn, charged Catherine his Wife, and Benjamin and Samuel, two young Lads, her Sons by a former Husband, with beating him. Covent-Garden, Jan. 24. I This essay offers a tabulated record and abbreviated analysis of the clientele and cases to come before a practicing English magistrate between January 3 and November 24, 1752. That the magistrate was Henry Fielding, and that the tables were prepared from a column running in his twice-weekly periodical, The Covent-Garden Journal, lends a significant literary historical dimension to the study while at the same time raising questions about the basic accuracy of the primary material and [End Page 337] its particular value as a source for legal and social history. 1 The facts of Fielding’s appointment to the Commission of the Peace for Westminster and Middlesex are well known. Fielding took the oaths for the Westminster magistracy on October 25, 1748; on November 2 he began holding court in the famous house in Bow Street, Covent Garden, formerly occupied by the magistrate Thomas DeVeil. The following January 12—primarily for economic reasons and with significant help from the Duke of Bedford—he added the Middlesex County magistracy to his appointments. 2 Fielding was a “court JP”—a specially-appointed urban magistrate with a heavier workload and correspondingly higher level of government financial support and judicial power than his gentleman-amateur counterparts in the country. 3 Martin Battestin has called Fielding’s office “among the most cheerless and despicable in the kingdom,” one that daily brought him face to face with “a horrid parade of thieves and cheats, robbers and murderers, rapists and sodomites; many who reveled in cruelty, who battered women and ravished children” 4 —a description that may be usefully compared with the partial record of the Bow Street Magistrate’s office presented below. About a year later, on January 16, 1750, Fielding joined his half brother John in launching the Universal Register Office, a multi-purpose intelligence office dealing in job placement, the brokerage of property, and so forth. Two years later, to advertise simultaneously his business and judicial offices, he began writing The Covent-Garden Journal, a twelve-column periodical engaging literary, social, legal, and commercial topics. Fielding’s role as a working magistrate was to preside over what amounted to a daily series of pretrial hearings. J. M. Beattie writes that the justices of the peace “formed an essential link between the victim and the courts . . . It was their duty to bring the parties in conflict before them, to take depositions of the complainant and his witnesses, to examine the accused, and to ensure that they appeared at the next sitting of the appropriate court.” 5 Moreover, during the course of the eighteenth century, the role of the magistrate as interpreter expanded as “the magistrate’s examination ceased being simply a means of assembling the best evidence against the prisoner and took on some of the characteristics of a judicial hearing. Magistrates began to feel more obligation to make some assessment of the evidence being presented and to assume more right to dismiss charges when they thought the case too weak to justify a trial.” 6 In their expanded role, magistrates could also function as mediators, encouraging the negotiation of extrajudicial settlements between parties. In the cases from Bow Street, we find Fielding acting in all of these capacities: interrogator, interpreter, judge, mediator, and, in the journalistic record of the hearings, moralist and entertainer. The cases in question appeared in The Covent-Garden Journal as a regular feature under the heading “Covent Garden.” 7 Flanked by advertisements and news, and edited with an eye toward entertainment value, the “Covent Garden” columns obviously cannot pretend to the comprehensiveness or accuracy one...

A patient who changed my practice: Always check the respiratory rate

The young lad had been injured riding a motorbike “off road.” He was complaining of lower chest pain and had tenderness suggestive of blunt injury but with no obviously fractured ribs. His pulse and blood pressure were normal but he was breathing at 40 per minute. A drip was put up and he was sent to have an x ray examination. While being transferred to the trolley his blood pressure dropped and he became unconscious. He was rushed back to the resuscitation room and what had seemed to be a controlled …

Not "Too Much Noise": Joyce's "The Sisters" in Irish Catholic Perspective

famous first story of Joyce's Dubliners is a triumph of technique as discovery.(1) All aspects of The Sisters delineate theme. Imagery, irony, structure, point of view, tone, archetypes, and underlying myths: they unite to delineate a human relationship distorted by inadequate love. Interpreters of the story have tended to take their lead from the three words that preoccupy the boy at the start: paralysis, and simony. Of these, the term most often discussed is gnomon, a parallelogram from which a section is missing. Most discussions of the word emphasize the missing section, often by way of morally criticizing the retired priest whom the boy, the narrator of the story, has been visiting. But a is not its missing section; it is what remains after the section has been removed: an irregular geometrical shape in which all lines have parallels. term gnomon may illuminate the structure of Joyce's story, which is a kind of parallelogram--or, at least, a constellation of parallels or correspondences.(2) These involve structure, imagery, and character. All the suggestive parallels in the story ultimately illuminate the central correspondence between the boy and the priest. This correspondence derives its meaning from a subtle interrelationship of psychology, Catholic liturgical form and theology, scriptural myth, and Irish colloquial idiom--an interrelationship that must be appreciated if the story is to be fully understood. obvious initial parallel is between the priest and the distillery worker, who is talking with the boy's uncle when the boy learns of the priest's death. Cotter and the priest are both old. Both tell stories. priest is a spiritual man by profession and no doubt to some degree personally. So is Cotter, but in a secular sense. He works or worked in a distillery producing 'spirits' and is red-nosed, a drinker (11). Redness is an association shared with the priest, whose surname, Flynn, is Gaelic for 'red.' two men have been rivals for the boy's attention. Formerly, old Cotter's distillery stories had been rather interesting to the boy, who now considers Cotter a tiresome old fool (11). Recently the priest has enjoyed the boy's attention and companionship. Cotter may resent having lost the boy as audience to the priest. For that reason, Cotter's hesitant criticism of the priest and the boy's relationship with him is initially suspect. In retrospect, however, Cotter's criticism seems based on sound intuition. To the boy's uncle he says of the priest, wouldn't say he was exactly . . . but there was queer . . . there was uncanny about him. I'll tell you my opinion. . . . (9-10). Ellipses may indicate pipe-puffing but also the breakdown of language colliding with the conventional respect due a priest and a person recently dead. have my own theory about it,' he said. 'I think it was one of those . . . peculiar cases. . . . But it's hard to say. . . .' and 'What I mean is, . . . it's hard for children. My idea is: let a young man run about and play with young lads of his own age and not be . . .' (10). Other hesitations to speak and awkward, respectful silences recur significantly, as we shall see, at the priest's wake. Cotter never manages to articulate precisely what his objection is. And because we know only that the priest has been paralyzed by strokes, we suspect Cotter of ridiculous bias against paralytics, a bias shared apparently by some Joyce critics who see the physical ailment as symbolic of some moral distortion.(3) Not until the end of the story does the reader discover that something had gone wrong mentally with the priest (18). When Cotter makes his criticism, he may seem to suggest that he thinks the priest is homosexual.(4) It is a suggestion heightened by the lustful connotations of the priest's smile--he used to uncover his big discoloured teeth and let his tongue lie upon his lower lip (13)--but of course the grotesque smile is merely a consequence of physical paralysis. …

How Columbus Encountered America

(1992). How Columbus Encountered America. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 219-225.

Ffransis George Payne (1900–1992)

Abstract Ffransis G. Payne, who died at the age of ninety-one on 21 August 1992, was born in Kington, Herefordshire, where his father, a native of Cardiff, had opened a draper's shop in 1898. His childhood was spent in this small Border town which he was later to describe so memorably in some of the essays in Chwaryddion Crwydrol ac Ysgrifau eraill. This volume, which brought him to the attention of the Welsh-reading public in 1943, was hailed as a new Welsh classic by no less a critic than Saunders Lewis. Its vivid descriptions of Border life have been favourably compared with those of other authors, such as Geraint Goodwin, Raymond Williams and Bruce Chatwin, who have written about the Marches. Ffransis Payne, however, chose to write in Welsh, a language he had decided to learn as a young lad. The circumstances of this decision, which have some of the hallmarks of conversion, are worth recording since they help to explain his subsequent commitment to the study of the past.

A Dream of Socrates

The other night I had a very strange, and strangely coherent, dream. Socrates and Meno appeared to be arguing with each other in my presence. They talked English, I suppose, since I clearly thought I followed them; but I seem to remember that Greek words occurred from time to time. When I woke it seemed to me that the dream had some bearing on disputed matters of Platonic interpretation, so I shall try to reconstruct it here. Meno speaks first:Tell me, Socrates, do you think that the just and the admirable are the same thing?I should hardly think so; for we call many things admirable—for example a young lad's cheek—which we would hardly call just; and perhaps vice versa. But I am only guessing, of course, because I cannot know whether A is the same as B unless I know what A is and what B is.

John Muir's Evolving Attitudes toward Native American Cultures

Both Herbert F. Smith and Thomas J. Lyon have already pointed out that very little criticism exists on the writings of John Muir perhaps because we are not yet ready for his advanced environmental thinking. Thus, there is no criticism on Muir's attitudes toward North American Indian cultures except brief commentary in Herbert F. Smith's John Muir (New York, 1965). John Muir's impressions of North American Indian cultures, like those of Henry David Thoreau, changed markedly after he had actually lived with natives in the wilderness. While Muir strongly sympathized with the downtrodden Indian and seriously questioned harsh attitudes toward native Americans, he first had to overcome some fearful experiences which inevitably influenced his thinking; Muir's attitudes toward the Digger Indians of California were quite prejudiced, for instance. However, after several excursions to the Alaskan glaciers where Muir lived among the various Thlinkit tribes including the Chilcats, Hoonas, and Takus, he grew to respect and honor their beliefs, actions, and life styles. Their essential joy despite harsh surroundings gave Muir his first clue that native Americans were capable of a sound and harmonious pattern of living. When the Muir family moved from Scotland to Wisconsin in 1849, they soon became aware of weary and forlorn bands of Winnebago Indians who begged for food. After a short while, young Muir's favorite horse was stolen by one of these Indians who treated the animal quite cruelly, as the Muirs later learned. They heard of valuable things being stolen from their neighbors' farms as well. At times the Winnebagos took it upon themselves to slaughter farmers' livestock for food. All of this naturally frightened the young lad from Scotland. However, Muir listened with eager intentness to an argument between his stern father and a neighbor over Indian land rights which he later recalled in Boyhood and Youth. This passage warrants complete citing:

Monocular Blindness in The Young

To the Editor:— The response to the letter in QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ( 210: 732, 1969) on Incidence and Socioeconomic Effects of Monocular Blindness is a valid collating of the survey statistics of monocular blindness of adults, but it requires different emphasis when applied to youngsters. The consequence of the loss of an eye or the eyesight of one eye to a young lad on the threshold of life is most heartrending. Because of accident proneness, the insurance companies must disapprove their employment. The fields of industry, transportation, mining, and advanced professional education are well-nigh closed to the one-eyed. The armed services and the civil service do not want them. Every effort should be made by the medical profession to force this realization on parents and educators. Prevention we all agree on, but others who control the lives of children gloss over what to us is apparent. The toy, gun, and

Macbeth: The Nemesis of the Post-Shakespearian Actor

; HEN one comes away from a twentieth-century production of Macbeth, one has an uneasy feeling that something is amiss. No actor since Shakespeare's time seems to have made a name for himself playing the part of Macbeth, although one can remember some famous Lady Macbeths. There also have been many Hamlets, Othellos, Iagos, and even Benedicks-but Macbeths? Rarely, if at all. Famous men have played the role, but they have gained their fame elsewhere first. Yet in Shakespeare's time, Macbeth, and not his Lady, was certainly the principal figure. Women's roles, as we know, were played by boys whose voices had not yet changed. In fact, Thomas Whitfield Baldwin1 gives us the name of the dark, handsome, little lad who played Lady Macbeth, a John Edmans, who had played only a few bit parts until playing that of Lady Macbeth, who played only one more role after that, and who then dropped into oblivion. It might seem that little John wasn't even good enough to graduate into male roles as many other young lads did. And he could not have been as dominating physically, or as experienced an actor, as the great Richard Burbage, a man great in size and talent, who played the warrior roles of Othello, Coriolanus, and Antony as well as that of Macbeth. In the seventeenth century, the buxom ladies began taking over the women's roles, and since that time many actresses have become famous Lady Macbeths, dominating the play physically, mentally, and emotionally, a domination which Shakespeare never intended and actually never put into the lines of the play, as one can see if the lines are studied carefully and with historical fact in mind. For example, some of Shakespeare's plays written about actual historical figures are called tragedies and some are not, but Macbeth, written about a real king of Scotland, is called a tragedy with, it seems to us, very good reason, because the Macbeth in the play is a true tragic hero. The actual data according to Scottish history can be briefly stated. Macbeth ruled Scotland from around I040 A.D. to I058 A.D., when he was killed and at which time the law of tanistry2, in effect from 843 A.D., ended. The practice of this law meant that no son of a king on the throne could succeed his father immediately; instead, the first ranking adult member of the nearest or junior branch of the family should, by election, succeed the enthroned king, acting, until his own succession, as military leader of all the king's forces (as Macbeth did in the play), and, in turn, that king's successor would be the first ranking adult member of the

Tangled hair; bizarre occurrence after use of detergent shampoo.

The following case of a very peculiar phenomenon, as yet unexplained, is presented. C. A. S., a 9-year-old white girl, presented herself with a fist-sized matted and tangled wad of hair on the occipital region of the scalp. The mass was felt-like, with groups of long strands protruding from the tangled surface. On July 31, 1951, the mother gave this girl a shampoo using Young Lad Goes West Shampoo, a liquid lauryl sulfate preparation. During the course of the shampoo the hair of the occipital area became unmanageable and in spite of repeated rinsings, a matted and tangled mass proceeded to form spontaneously, which notwithstanding all efforts could not be untangled. The mother said there had been no previous use of wavesets or hair or scalp preparations. Normal-appearing hair of the other areas of the scalp failed to reproduce the phenomenon when again subjected to the shampoo material. Because of

Principal R. M. Burrows

KING'S COLLEGEand the whole University of London have suffered grievous loss by the death of Dr. Ronald Burrows. Born on August 16, 1867, Dr. Burrows went from Charterhouse to Christ Church, Oxford, Literae Humaniores. After five years as assistant to Prof. Gilbert Murray, who then held the Greek chair at Glasgow,he was appointed professor of Greek at Cardiff in 1898, and rejoined his Cardiff colleague, Dr. R. S. Conway, as Greek professor in Manchester in 1908. By travel, during these years, in the Medi-terranean, he had gained valuable experience of topography and excavation, and also that first hand knowledge of the modern politics of Greece and the Balkan States which served him so well in later years. His published work, mainly about Greek battlefields, ancient sites in Bceotia (where he conducted most instructive excavations at Rhitsona and the Delion), and the newly revealed Minoan civilisation, gained him the degree of D. Litt. in the University of Oxford in 1910, and his “Discoveries in Crete,” published in 1907,went into a third edition. An excellent scholar, a vigorous and fluent writer, and a teacher of untiring drive and wide humanity, Dr. Burrows contributed much to “save Greek “during a difficult period by the simple and characteristic method of making his pupils interested in it, and infecting them with his own keenness; and this did not stop “out of school.” His lifelong interest in young lads, and his strenuous and successful work for the Cardiff University Settlement and for the Ardwick Lads' Club at Manchester, were for him all of a piece with the “humanities “of which his Greek studies should be the crown. He enjoyed life and enjoyed people, and his sunny temper and good fellowship were the happy counterpart of his learning and judgment.

The Holme Riddles (Ms. Haul. 1960)

Ms. Harl. 1960 is thus described by Wanley (“Account of Harl. mss.,” Brit. Mus. Cat.):—“A thin paper book in 12mo. mostly written by one of the Holmes and containing a collection of Riddles with their Solutions; being such as young lads and lasses use to make sport with. At the end is a table to the same.” So closely indeed is the little volume associated with at least one member of the Holme family of Chester—the possessors of the ms. until the early 18th century, when it passed with other writings of that race of antiquaries into the keeping of Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford (mss. Harl. 1920–2177 and a few others)—that to understand its history we must first know a little of the lives of the four Holmes and chiefly of the third Randle.

Book Reviews

THIS volume is intended to form a sequel to the “Fairy-Land of Science,” and is written with the clearness and brightness which make that book so attractive. The power that Miss Buckley has of interesting young people in the more popular parts of the various sciences cannot be doubted, and is well shown in the present book. A magician is supposed to teach young lads; and the author is thus enabled to bring in different parts of the sciences, and to preserve a continuity throughout.

ANTIRABIC INOCULATIONS.SENSATIONS EXPERIENCED BY INOCULATED PERSONS. HOW IMMUNITY IS ATTAINED. Read by Title in the Section of Practice of Medicine, Materia Medica and Physiology, at the Forty-first Annual Meeting of the American Medical Association, at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1890.

More than ten thousand people have been inoculated during the five years in which the Pasteurian inoculations have been practiced. Among the number were a few doctors; nevertheless, there does not, as far as my knowledge goes, exist any detailed narrative of the phenomena noticed in those who have submitted to the preventive treatment for rabies after having been bitten. I have therefore thought that it would prove interesting for the study of immunity in general, and as a contribution to the history of this system of treatment in particular, to make known some of my observations. Following in the steps of several doctors, either directors or assistants in antirabic institutions, who did so to guard against a possible accidental inoculation during their daily manipulations of virulent matter, I inoculated myself as well as two of my assistants, Messrs. Roger and De Monchy. A young lad attached to

L. An account of the case of a boy, who had the malleus of each ear, and one of the incus's, dropt out

A Young lad, at Manningtree in Essex, " after about three or four weeks of a putrid, malignant, inflammatory fever, attended with a violent scarlet eruption on the skin, and swelling and soreness, and stuffage of the nose, had the malleus of each ear, and one of the incus's, dropt out.

V. The postscript of a letter from George Martin, M. D. to William Græme, M. D. F. R. S. giving an account of the operation of bronchotome, as it was performed at St. Andrews

I was called to a young lad, who being in such a good state of health, as to be then making a visit to some of his comrades in another street, was all of a sudden taken ill with a violent trouble in his throat; in which however, I could see nothing wrong, the amygdalæ, and other parts in view, being in all appearance sound enough, but only looking a little drier than ordinary; without any external tumour appearing about the larynx, and no considerable-frequency or strength in his pulse.

IV. Part of a letter, giving an account of a person who can neither read nor write, yet will reckon summs to great exactness. Communicated by Mr Locke

Yesterday I had here a young Lad of 17 years old, that can neither read nor write, that out of his head will reckon any the most difficult summs you can give him, even to the utmost fractions.

I. An account of one who had horny excrescencies or extraordinary large nails on his fingers and toes

At the Hospital in Paris , called la Charité , I saw a young Lad of between Nineteen and Twenty years old, who had upon the ends of all his Fingers, as it were Horns grew out.