Healthy Young Men Research Articles

Does an outdoor virtual environment projected in a head-mounted display affect balance in healthy young adults?

BackgroundVirtual reality head-mounted display (VR-HMD) is increasingly used for balance evaluation and rehabilitation. However, more studies must be conducted on virtual environments (VE) effects. This study aimed to assess the impact of an outdoor VE projected in a high-quality VR-HMD and of the VR-HMD mass on postural stability, postural control and leaning. MethodsThis study involved ten healthy young men who performed five 30-s stabilometric trials. Four experimental conditions were randomly performed: eyes open (EO) or eyes closed (EC), with (VR) or without (No VR) VR-HMD. Postural stability (antero-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) ranges of the center of pressure (CoP), 90% confidence ellipse area), postural control (CoP velocity (global, AP and ML)) and standard deviation of the CoP mean position), and postural leaning (AP/ML CoP mean position) were assessed. The comparisons between EO VR and EO No VR were used to analyze the VE effects and comparisons between EC VR and EC No VR for the VR-HMD mass effects. ResultsSpatiotemporal parameters that characterised postural stability and postural control, except ML velocity (p > 0.05), were significantly influenced by the simulated VE with higher values in EO VR than EO No VR (p < 0.05), but not by the VR-HMD mass. The mean position of the CoP showed no significant differences between conditions. SignificancePostural stability and postural control modification due to the VE used in this study revealed that this VE could be interesting for VR-HMD rehabilitation and assessment. VR-HMD is not a factor to be considered for stabilometric analysis.

Diurnal differences in urine flow in healthy young men in a light-controlled environment: a randomized crossover design

BackgroundOlder men often experience nocturnal urination difficulties, reflected by diurnal differences in maximum urine flow (Qmax). Since lower urinary tract symptoms and pathological comorbidities are frequent in older men, it remains unclear whether this diurnal variation is a physiological or pathological phenomenon. Our aim was to quantify the diurnal variability of Qmax in healthy young participants under varying daylight conditions in a stable environment to discern potential underlying causes of nocturnal urination difficulties.MethodsTwenty-one healthy young men were recruited in a 4-day study utilizing daytime (08:00–18:00) exposure with two light conditions in randomized order: dim (< 50 lx) or bright (~2500 lx). Day 1 was for acclimation, and urine flow was assessed from day 2. The participants urinated ad libitum during day 2 and then at fixed 3–4-h intervals thereafter (days 3–4). Regular urination Qmax at late night (04:00) on day 4 was compared with the nearest voided volume during daytime of day 3 (mDay).ResultsMorning Qmax scores (after bed—11:00) on day 2 were significantly lower than evening (17:00—before pre-sleep) in bright conditions and those of daytime (11:00–17:00), evening (17:00—before pre-sleep), and pre-sleep in dim conditions. Pre-sleep Qmax during the ad libitum period was significantly higher in dim than bright conditions. Late-night Qmax values (04:00) on day 4 were significantly lower than Qmax scores of mDay on day 3 in both light conditions.ConclusionsHealthy young men had a clear diurnal Qmax difference that decreased during late night and morning. In addition, the pre-sleep Qmax values in dim daylight were significantly higher than in bright daylight. Taken together, we conclude that late-night and morning decreases in Qmax are an instinctive physiological phenomenon in humans, and the diurnal difference of Qmax can be influenced by daylight conditions.

In otherwise healthy young men, Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) is significantly lower in case of insulin resistance: an analysis of the SIBLOS study

In otherwise healthy young men, Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) is significantly lower in case of insulin resistance: an analysis of the SIBLOS study

Demographic characteristics, laboratory features and complications in 346 cases of brucellosis: A retrospective study from Qatar

ObjectivesTo study the epidemiology and laboratory findings and outcomes of human brucellosis in the state of Qatar. MethodsA retrospective study involving adult patients with a definitive diagnosis of brucellosis was conducted. ResultsOf the 346 patients 299 were males. The mean age was 39.62 years. 120 patients had history of drinking raw milk and 116 had a history of contact with animals. Fever (89.9%) and myalgia (56.6%) were the most common presenting symptoms observed. Raised C-reactive protein level was the most frequent laboratory finding noted. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were raised to three times the normal in 39.6% and 37% of patients, respectively. Blood culture was positive in 72.8% whereas Brucella immunoglobulin G antibody and immunoglobulin M antibody titer was positive in 72.5% and 73.1% patients, respectively. Approximately 21.4% had focal involvement and osteoarticular (11.6%) involvement was the most frequently observed focal form. Doxycycline with rifampicin or gentamicin was the common regimen received. Relapse was seen in 7.2% patients. ConclusionHuman brucellosis continues to be a serious health issue in Qatar predominantly affecting healthy young adult men resulting in significant morbidity. Preventive measures and community awareness particularly among high-risk groups will help in decreasing the prevalence of the disease and its aftereffects.

Prediction of maximal oxygen uptake based on anthropometric indices in Iranian male adults.

Assessment of maximal oxygen consumption is important in both general community and occupational settings. Validity and reliability tests are needed to indicate the functionality of the cardiopulmonary system. This study aimed to establish a maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) prediction model using anthropometric and demographic variables for young adults in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 64 healthy young men aged 19-29 years. Oxygen consumption was measured directly and the prediction models to estimate VO2max were determined by multiple linear regression. The accuracy of the prediction models was considered using regression coefficient (R), coefficient of determination (R2), and standard error of estimate (SEE). The average VO2max was 44.02±4.31 ml/kg/min. Significant correlations were found between the measured VO2max and the anthropometric and demographic variables (r = 0.16-0.86, P < 0.05). Three significant regression models with acceptable accuracy were developed (R2 = 0.67-0.71, SEE = 3.19-3.21). The predictive models consisted of 3-5 variables as significant predictors of VO2max and had acceptable accuracy for Iranian young adults. The proposed models are a simple and valid tool that can be used to estimate the VO2max in the field and in laboratory settings.

The Effects of Bovine Colostrum on the Stress-Hyperglycemia Ratio and the Triglyceride-Glucose Index in Exercise-Trained Healthy Subjects: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study

Bovine colostrum (BC) is a natural substance that has been shown of benefits for exercising, and reducing the blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. Stress hyperglycemia is a brief rise in blood glucose levels caused by physiological stress. This placebo-controlled clinical study aimed to investigate the effects of BC on stress hyperglycemia and the triglyceride-glucose index in healthy subjects who trained in resistance exercise. This research was carried out at Al-Kut University College from April 30th to November 30th, 2022. Fifty healthy young men were randomly assigned: Group I (n = 24) received a placebo, whereas Group II (n = 26) received a 500mg single oral dosage of BC nutraceutical pill. During the treatment period, both groups of volunteers engaged in resistance exercise training. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), stress glucose ratio (SGR), triglyceride-glucose index (TyGI), and rate pressure product (as a hemodynamic response) were all measured at the start and end of the eight-week study.‎ Stress blood glucose levels were considerably higher in Group II following resistance training (89.0±6.5 vs 102.1±11.5mg/dL, p&lt;0.001), whereas stress HbA1c% did not alter (4.70±0.25 vs 4.66±0.29, p=0.608). Bovine colostrum significantly increases the SGR from 1.01±0.03 to 1.18±0.13, p&lt;0.001. The TyGI at the stress glucose level was increased by 2.7%. We conclude that bovine colostrum significantly elevates the stress hyperglycemic ratio without inducing significant changes in the TyGI following exercise. This impact is accompanied by a stabilizing hemodynamic response.&#x0D; &#x0D;

Load-Time and Load-Speed Relationship in the Resisted Sled Sprint Exercise: What Independent Variable Most Accurately Determines the Relative Load?

Jiménez-Lozano, M, Yáñez-García, JM, Mora-Custodio, R, Valle-Salguero, A, Díez-Fernández, DM, Franco-Márquez, F, González-Badillo, JJ, and Rodríguez-Rosell, D. Load-time and load-speed relationship in the resisted sled sprint exercise: what independent variable most accurately determines the relative load? J Strength Cond Res 37(11): 2167-2177, 2023-The aims of this study were to analyze the load-speed and load-time relationships in the resisted sled sprint exercise using different variables as relative load and to estimate the decrement of speed sprint and the increase of sprint time across different loads. Thirty young healthy men performed a progressive loading test in the countermovement jump (CMJ) exercise to determinate the load that elicited a 2 m·s-1 peak velocity (PV2-load) and in the full squat exercise to obtain the 1 repetition maximum (1RM) value and the load that elicited a 1 m·s-1 mean velocity (V1-load). In addition, subjects performed a progressive loading test in the resisted sled sprint exercise, whereas time and instantaneous speed at 10 (T10 and V10) and 20 m (T20 and V20) were measured. The independent variables used were body mass (BM), 1RM and V1-load in the squat exercise, the PV2-Load in the loaded CMJ exercise, 1RM + BM, V1-Load + BM, and PV2-Load + BM. To analyze whether relationships were dependent on individual performance obtained in unloaded sprint, the total sample was divided into 3 subgroups: high performance (T20 < 3.00 s), medium performance (T20:3.00-3.12 s), and low performance (T20 > 3.12 seconds) groups. The independent variables showing the highest relationships with time and speed in 10 and 20 m were %BM, %BM + V1-load, and %BM + PV2-load. Statistically significant differences between performance groups in %DSS (decrease of sprint speed) and %IST (increase sprint time) in 20 m were found when %BM was used as relative load, whereas there were no significant differences between groups for %BM + PV2-load or %BM + V1-load. In conclusion, the use of %BM + PV2-load and %BM + V1-load should be considered as variables for monitoring the relative load in the resisted sled sprint exercise.

The relationship between anthropometric and metabolic risk factors and testicular function in healthy young men.

This study investigated the relationship of anthropometric and metabolic risk factors with seminal and sex steroidal hormone parameters in a screened population of healthy males. The participants were healthy young men without chronic or congenital diseases. The body composition parameters that we investigated were measured weight, height, and waist circumference (WC), as well as bioelectrical impedance analysis. Semen samples were analyzed for semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility and morphology, seminal pH, and liquefaction time. Biochemistry analysis, including glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, was conducted on fasting blood samples. Testicular volume was calculated separately for each testis using ultrasonography. Body mass index exhibited an inverse association with total sperm count. WC showed negative correlations with numerous seminal parameters, including sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm morphology, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. The basal metabolic rate was associated with seminal pH, liquefaction time, and sperm motility. WC, fat mass percentage, and triglyceride levels exhibited negative correlations with sex hormone binding globulin. The measures of glucose metabolism were associated with a greater number of seminal parameters than the measures of cholesterol metabolism. C-reactive protein levels were inversely associated with sperm concentration and total sperm count. Anthropometric and metabolic risk factors were found to predict semen quality and alterations in sex steroidal hormone levels.

Effects of a 20-Week High-Intensity Strength Training Program on Muscle Strength Gain and Cardiac Adaptation in Untrained Men: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Longitudinal Study.

As strength sports gain popularity, there is a growing need to explore the impact of sustained strength training on cardiac biventricular structure and function, an area that has received less attention compared to the well-established physiological cardiac adaptation to endurance training. This study aims to implement a 20-week high-intensity strength training program to enhance maximal muscle strength and evaluate its impact on cardiac biventricular adaptation in healthy, untrained men. A total of 27 healthy and untrained young men (mean age 22.8, SD 3.2 years) participated in a strength training program designed to increase muscle strength. The training program involved concentric, eccentric, and isometric exercise phases, conducted over a consecutive 20-week time frame with a frequency of 3 weekly training sessions. Participants were evaluated before and after 12 and 20 weeks of training through body composition analysis (bioelectrical impedance), a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram, 3D transthoracic echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and muscle isokinetic dynamometry. The progression of strength training loads was guided by 1-repetition maximum (RM) testing during the training program. Of the initial cohort, 22 participants completed the study protocol. No injuries were reported. The BMI (mean 69.8, SD 10.8 kg/m² vs mean 72, SD 11 kg/m²; P=.72) and the fat mass (mean 15.3%, SD 7.5% vs mean 16.5%, SD 7%; P=.87) remained unchanged after training. The strength training program led to significant gains in 1-RM exercise testing as early as 4 weeks into training for leg extension (mean 69.6, SD 17.7 kg vs mean 96.5, SD 31 kg; P<.001), leg curl (mean 43.2, SD 9.7 kg vs mean 52.8, SD 13.4 kg; P<.001), inclined press (mean 174.1, SD 41.1 kg vs mean 229.2, SD 50.4 kg; P<.001), butterfly (mean 26.3, SD 6.2 kg vs mean 32.5, SD 6.6 kg; P<.001), and curl biceps on desk (mean 22.9, SD 5.2 kg vs mean 29.6, SD 5.2 kg; P<.001). After 20 weeks, the 1-RM leg curl, bench press, pullover, butterfly, leg extension, curl biceps on desk, and inclined press showed significant mean percentage gains of +40%, +41.1%, +50.3%, +63.5%, +80.1%, +105%, and +106%, respectively (P<.001). Additionally, the isokinetic evaluation confirmed increases in maximal strength for the biceps (+9.2 Nm), triceps (+11.6 Nm), quadriceps (+46.8 Nm), and hamstrings (+25.3 Nm). In this paper, only the training and muscular aspects are presented; the cardiac analysis will be addressed separately. This study demonstrated that a short-term high-intensity strength training program was successful in achieving significant gains in muscle strength among previously untrained young men. We intend to use this protocol to gain a better understanding of the impact of high-intensity strength training on cardiac physiological remodeling, thereby providing new insights into the cardiac global response in strength athletes. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04187170; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04187170.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Upper Respiratory Tract Viral Infections on Reproductive Parameters in Young Healthy Men with Mild Symptoms of Disease

Data regarding excretion of SARS-CoV-2 in semen are inconclusive and counseling regarding risk of sexual transmission is still challenging. Our knowledge on the effect of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) on male reproductive system is also scarce. Apart from negative effect of fever on spermatogenesis virtually no study has been able to compare reproductive parameters in men with COVID-19 or other URTI with predisease data. Eleven men who developed symptoms of URTI during the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic and who had preexistent fertility and hormonal data, participated in the study leaving sperm and blood samples. Three additional subjects were recruited among proven SARS-CoV-2 positive male hospital workers (without previous data). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present in the ejaculate from 2 of 5 (40%) young men with mild COVID-19. In one of them viral particles could be detected in the semen sample 2 weeks after the first sampling. Men with any URTI showed higher LH ( p = 0.02 ), lower sperm concentration ( p = 0.047 ), and free testosterone ( p = 0.008 ) when compared to their samples delivered 10 years earlier. When SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects were compared to subjects with other URTIs, no difference in levels of reproductive parameters or inflammatory markers was seen. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be present in the ejaculate but does not seem to affect reproductive parameters any more than other viruses. However, mild URTI was shown to affect the sperm concentration, LH, and free testosterone negatively.

Testosterone and the Amygdala's Functional Connectivity in Women and Men.

The amygdala contains androgen receptors and is involved in various affective and social functions. An interaction between testosterone and the amygdala's functioning is likely. We investigated the amygdala's resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) network in association with testosterone in 94 healthy young adult women and men (final data available for analysis from 42 women and 39 men). Across the whole sample, testosterone was positively associated with the rsFC between the right amygdala and the right middle occipital gyrus, and it further predicted lower agreeableness scores. Significant sex differences appeared for testosterone and the functional connectivity between the right amygdala and the right superior frontal gyrus (SFG), showing higher testosterone levels with lower connectivity in women. Sex further predicted the openness and agreeableness scores. Our results show that testosterone modulates the rsFC between brain areas involved in affective processing and executive functions. The data indicate that the cognitive control of the amygdala via the frontal cortex is dependent on the testosterone levels in a sex-specific manner. Testosterone seems to express sex-specific patterns (1) in networks processing affect and cognition, and (2) in the frontal down-regulation of the amygdala. The sex-specific coupling between the amygdala and the frontal cortex in interaction with the hormone levels may drive sex-specific differences in a variety of behavioral phenomena that are further associated with psychiatric illnesses that show sex-specific prevalence rates.

Changes in surrogate markers of intestinal epithelial injury and microbial translocation in young and older men during prolonged occupational heat stress in temperate and hot conditions.

Exertional heat stress can cause damage to the intestinal epithelium and disrupt gastrointestinal barrier integrity, leading to microbial translocation (MT) linked to the development of heat stroke. This study aimed to assess age-related differences in markers of intestinal epithelial injury and MT following non-heat stress and high-heat stress exercise in healthy young and older men. Markers of intestinal epithelial injury (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein-'IFABP') and MT (soluble cluster of differentiation 14-'sCD14'; and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein-'LBP') were assessed in healthy young (18-30 y, n = 13) and older (50-70 y) men (n = 12). Blood samples were collected before, after 180min of moderate-intensity (metabolic rate: 200 W/m2) walking and following 60min recovery in either a non-heat stress [temperate: 21.9°C, 35% relative humidity (RH)] or high-heat stress (hot: 41.4°C, 35% RH) environment. There were no differences in IFABP and sCD14 between the young and older groups in the temperate condition, while LBP was greater in the older group (+ 0.66 ug/mL; + 0.08 to + 1.24 ug/mL). In the hot condition, the older group experienced greater increases in IFABP compared to the young group (+ 712pg/mL/hr; + 269 to + 1154pg/mL/hr). However, there were no clear between-group differences for sCD14 (+ 0.24 ug/mL/hr, - 0.22 to + 0.70 ug/mL/hr) or LBP (+ 0.86 ug/mL/hr, - 0.73 to + 2.46 ug/mL/hr). While older men may experience greater intestinal epithelial injury following exercise in the heat; this did not lead to a greater magnitude of microbial translocation relative to their younger counterparts.

The Effect of Massage on the Exhausted Aerobic Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Indicators in Healthy Young Men

Background: Muscle damage and soreness caused by intense exercise are problems experienced by sedentary people whose suitable solution is an essential topic in research. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of massage on the response of recovery creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) following exhausted aerobic exercise. Methods: A total of 20 sedentary university male students (26.9 ± 2.7 y, BMI: 23.1 ± 1.6) participated voluntarily in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups of exercise with massage group (mas, n = 10) and a control group (con, n = 10). Subjects run on a treadmill to the point of exhaustion. After that, the group had effleurage and petrissage massage for 20 min. Then, serum CK and LDH were measured, and the results were extracted using analysis of variance with repeated measures and post hoc Bonferroni test at the P &lt; 0.05 level. Results: Both groups significantly increased CK and LDH levels after the exercise session. There was no significant difference between the two groups immediately after the massage intervention (P &gt; 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between the two groups 24 and 48 hours after massage in the control (P &gt; 0.05), while there was no significant change in the massage group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results, massage intervention prevented the increase of CK and LDH levels at 24 and 48 hours after the exhaustive exercise session, which indicates the beneficial effect of massage.

THU314 Diagnosis Performance Of Insulin Surrogate Indices For Predicting Insulin Resistance In Young Men Defining As Reference The Matsuda Index - An Exploratory Case-Control Study Conducted In Latin America Population

Abstract Disclosure: V.M. Soriano: None. C. Espinel Pachon: None. Diagnosis performance of insulin surrogate indices for predicting insulin resistance in young men defining as reference the Matsuda index – An exploratory case-control study conducted in Latin America population Víctor Antonio Malagón – Soriano1, Álvaro Javier Burgos – Cárdenas1, Maria Fernanda Garcés2, Cristian Felipe Espinel – Pachon1, Roberto Franco – Vega3, Jorge Andres Rubio – Romero4, Sofia Alexandra Caminos – Cepeda5, Ezequiel Lacunza6, Ariel Iván Ruiz – Parra4, Jorge Eduardo Caminos2 1Department of Internal Medicine, 2Department of Physiology, 3Endocrinology Unit - Department of Internal Medicine, 4Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, School of Medicine Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia. 5School of Medicine, Universidad Pompeu Fabra; Barcelona 08002, Spain.6Centro de Investigaciones Inmunológicas Básicas y Aplicadas (CINIBA), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina. Correspondence: Jorge Eduardo Caminos, MSc. PhD., Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, Edificio 471 Oficina 406, Bogotá, Colombia, E-mail: jecaminosp@unal.edu.coRunning title: Diagnosis performance of Insulin Surrogate Indices using as reference the Matsuda index. Key words: Insulin surrogate indices, diagnosis performance, Matsuda index, healthy and insulin resistant young men Abstract Insulin plays an essential role in glucose and lipid homeostasis. Changes in insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, liver and muscle occur in the course of different metabolic disorders, and have been proposed to be a potential contributor to obesity and type 2 diabetes. The euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique is the gold standard approach for assessing insulin sensitivity in humans, with the disadvantages of being expensive, labor intensive, and time consuming. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the diagnosis performance of insulin surrogate indices using as reference the Matsuda index, in healthy and insulin resistant young men in Latin America population. Thus, the current cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy (n=48) and insulin resistant (n=45) young adult men (18–31 year old) using the Matsuda index cut-off value as reference to determine insulin sensitivity/resistance. Receivers operating characteristic curves (ROC) were used to determine the cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity values for QUICKI, HOMA-IR, TG/HDL-C, TyG, TyG-WC, TyG-BMI, LAP and VAI. TyG-WC (AUC=1.0) and TyG-BMI (AUC=1.0) indices showed the highest diagnostic performance with high sensitivity and specificity to predict insulin resistance in young men. In addition, TyG-BMI index showed a statistically significant stronger correlation with waist circumference (WC), when compared with HOMA-IR, Matsuda and QUICKY indices. In conclusion, we were able to diagnose insulin resistance with high sensitivity and specificity in young individuals -supposedly metabolically healthy- who do not meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome diagnosis, using widely available, low-cost, and reliable surrogate indices. Additionally, the TyG-WC and TyG-BMI indices were the better predictors of insulin resistance. The cut-off values used to define insulin resistance in our Latin America population studied were similar to recent studies in the United States population, despite clinical and racial/ethnic differences. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

Comparable effects of interval and traditional resistance exercise on lipolysis and insulin concentration in healthy young men

Comparable effects of interval and traditional resistance exercise on lipolysis and insulin concentration in healthy young men

Body mass and V'O2 at rest affect gross efficiency during moderate-intensity cycling in untrained young healthy men: correlations with V'O2MAX.

Seventeen young healthy physically active males (age 23 ±3 years; body mass (BM) 72.5 ±7.9 kg; height 178 ±4 cm, (mean ±SD)), not specifically trained in cycling, participated in this study. The subjects performed two cycling incremental tests at the pedalling rate of 60 rev x min-1. The first test, with the power output (PO) increases of 30 W every 3 min, was to determine the maximal oxygen uptake (V'O2max) and the power output (PO) at V'O2max, while the second test (series of 6 minutes bouts of increasing intensity) was to determine energy expenditure (EE (V'O2)), gross efficiency (GE (V'O2/PO)) and delta efficiency (DE(ΔV'O2/DPO)) during sub-lactate threshold (LT) PO. V'O2max was 3.79 ±0.40 L x min-1 and the PO at V'O2max was 288 ±27 W. In order to calculate GE and DE the V'O2 was expressed in W, by standard calculations. GE measured at 30 W, 60 W, 90 W and 120 W was 11.6 ±1.4%, 17.0 ±1.4%, 19.6 ±1.2% and 21.4 ±1.1%, respectively. DE was 29.8 ±1.9%. The subjects' BM (range 59-87 kg) was positively correlated with V'O2 at rest (p<0.01) and with the intercept of the linear V'O2 vs. PO relationship (p<0.01), whereas no correlation was found between BM and the slope of V'O2 vs. PO. No correlation was found between BM and DE, whereas GE was negatively correlated with BM (p<0.01). GE was also negatively correlated with V'O2max and the PO at V'O2max (p<0.01). We conclude that: V'O2 at rest affects GE during moderate-intensity cycling and GE negatively corelates with V'O2max and the PO at V'O2max in young healthy men.

An Investigation of the Protein Quality and Temporal Pattern of Peripheral Blood Aminoacidemia following Ingestion of 0.33 g·kg-1 Body Mass Protein Isolates of Whey, Pea, and Fava Bean in Healthy, Young Adult Men.

An increase in the intake of legumes is recommended in the promotion of plant-sourced (PSP) rather than animal-sourced (ASP) protein intake to produce a more sustainable diet. This study evaluated the quality of novel PSP isolates from pea (PEA) and fava bean (FAVA) and an ASP isolate of whey (WHEY) and compared the magnitude and temporal pattern of peripheral arterial aminoacidemia following ingestion of 0.33 g·kg-1 body mass of protein isolate in healthy young adult men (n = 9). Total indispensable amino acids (IAA) comprised 58% (WHEY), 46% (PEA), and 42% (FAVA) of the total amino acid (AA) composition, with the ingested protein providing 108% (WHEY), 77% (PEA), and 67% (FAVA) of the recommended per diem requirement of IAA. Reflecting the AA composition, the area under the curve (∆AUC0-180), post-ingestion increase in total IAA for WHEY was 41% (p < 0.001) and 57% (p < 0.001) greater than PEA and FAVA, respectively, with PEA exceeding FAVA by 28% (p = 0.003). As a sole-source, single-dose meal-size serving, the lower total IAA for PEA and FAVA would likely evoke a reduced post-prandial anabolic capacity compared to WHEY. Incorporated into a food matrix, the promotion of PSP isolates contributes to a more sustainable diet.

Effects of high-intensity interval training on lean mass, strength, and power of the lower limbs in healthy old and young people.

Introduction: Whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can improve lean mass, strength, and power of the lower limbs in young and older people is still under discussion. This study aimed to determine the effect of HIIT on lean mass, maximal strength, rate of force development (RFD), and muscle power of both lower limbs in healthy young and older adults. Secondarily, to compare the effects of HIIT between dominant vs. non-dominant lower limbs of each group. Materials and methods: Healthy older (n = 9; 66 ± 6years; BMI 27.1 ± 3.1kgm-2) and young (n = 9; 21 ± 1years; BMI 26.2 ± 2.8kgm-2) men underwent 12weeks of HIIT (3x/week) on a stationary bicycle. The evaluations were made before and after the HIIT program by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), anthropometry, force transducer and, Sit-to-Stand test. The outcomes analyzed were limb lean mass, thigh circumference, maximal voluntary isometric strength, RFD (Time intervals: 0-50, 50-100, 100-200, and 0-200ms), and muscle power in both lower limbs. Results: After 12weeks of HIIT, non-dominant limb (NDL) showed increase in limb lean mass (p < 0.05) but without interaction (time*group). HIIT showed a gain in absolute maximal strength and also when adjusted for thigh circumference in the dominant lower limb (DL) in both groups. The RFD0-200ms showed differences between groups but without interaction. The RFD0-50ms of the NDL showed post-training improvements (p < 0.05) in both groups. Only the older group showed differences between DL vs. NDL in most of the RFD obtained post-intervention. In addition, post-HIIT muscle power gain was observed in both groups (p < 0.05), but mainly in older adults. Conclusion: HIIT promotes increases in lean mass, maximal strength, early RFD, and lower limb muscle power in healthy older and young individuals. The differences shown between the DL and the NDL must be analyzed in future studies.

Similar effects on exercise performance following different respiratory muscle training programs in healthy young men

Both respiratory muscle endurance training (RMET) and inspiratory resistive training (IMT) seem to increase whole-body exercise performance, but direct comparisons between the two are scarce. We hypothesized that the similarity of RMET to exercise-induced ventilation would induce larger improvements compared to IMT. Twenty-six moderately-trained men performed either 4 weeks of RMET, IMT or SHAM training. Before and after the interventions, respiratory muscle endurance, 3-km running time-trial performance and leg muscle fatigue after intense constant-load cycling (assessed with femoral nerve magnetic stimulation) were measured. Both RMET (+ 59%) and IMT (+ 38%) increased respiratory muscle endurance (both p < 0.01 vs. SHAM) but only IMT increased inspiratory strength (+ 32%, p < 0.001 vs. SHAM). 3-km time improved showing a main effect of training (p = 0.026), however with no differences between groups. Leg fatigue after cycling was not attenuated with training (p = 0.088 for group-training interaction). All groups showed a significant (~ 0.3 l) increase in average tidal volume during cycling exercise combined with a concomitant reduction in respiratory exertion. While RMET and IMT improved specific aspects of respiratory muscles performance, no benefits beyond SHAM were seen during whole-body exercise. Changes in respiratory sensations might be a result of altered breathing pattern.

Aerococcus urinae infective endocarditis in a healthy young man: a case report

BackgroundAerococcus urinae infection is a rare clinical condition that causes urinary tract infections in older individuals. Infective endocarditis (IE) caused by A. urinae in healthy young men is extremely rare; however, the mortality rates of IE caused by A.urinae are high if appropriate surgical treatment is not performed.Case presentationA 39-year-old healthy man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever, cough, and dyspnea. Blood cultures revealed gram-positive cocci, and echocardiography revealed a 20 × 12-mm vegetation on the aortic valve and perforation of the anterior mitral valve leaflet. He was diagnosed with IE and underwent aortic valve replacement and mitral valve repair after removal of the infective focus. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify A. urinae. The patient was discharged in good health after 6 weeks of ampicillin/sulbactam therapy.ConclusionPrompt diagnosis and surgical removal of infectious foci with optimal antibacterial therapy are critical to protect patients from rare and potentially fatal IE caused by A. urinae.