Abstract Dengue fever has emerged as a significant global health threat in recent decades, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Transmitted primarily by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, dengue spreads rapidly in densely populated areas, particularly where water stagnation and inadequate sanitation prevail. In many developing nations, dengue contributes to rising morbidity and mortality, especially among children and young adults, placing a heavy burden on healthcare systems and economies. The recurrent outbreaks and lack of specific antiviral treatment have driven substantial interest in the mathematical modelling and analysis of dengue dynamics and control strategies. To address this issue, our study presents a nonlinear dynamical system with two exponential time delays to examine dengue dynamics, with particular attention to its transmission behaviors, associated risk factors, and possible long-term impacts. This study presents a host-vector structure that includes time delay in human infection. The framework is then extended to account for delays in both human and mosquito dynamics. Mathematical analysis is conducted to derive the basic reproduction number and examine the stability of disease-free (DFE) and endemic equilibria (EE) for both cases. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to investigate how the model parameters with both time delays influence dengue disease transmission and spread in a population. Numerical simulations highlight the significant impact of delays on infection peaks and show that they reduce disease prevalence when implemented effectively. The results emphasize that combining time-delay intervention policies provides a more effective approach for dengue mitigation, offering valuable guidance for public health, specifically in the Malaysian sector and similar tropical and subtropical regions.

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder that can cause premature atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke in young adults. We report a 23-year-old man who had recurrent strokes even after patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure. Initial evaluation for his first cryptogenic stroke revealed a PFO with a high Risk of Paradoxical Embolism (RoPE) score, leading to closure. Three years later, he experienced a recurrent stroke with right M1 segment occlusion. High-resolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging demonstrated intracranial atherosclerotic plaque, prompting reconsideration of the etiology. Further history taking revealed chronic diarrhea since infancy and juvenile cataracts. Examination showed borderline intellectual functioning, bilateral ankle clonus, and Achilles tendon xanthomas. Brain MRI exhibited characteristic bilateral dentate nucleus hyperintensities. Genetic testing confirmed CYP27A1 pathogenic variants, consistent with a diagnosis of CTX. Through highlighting CTX underlying premature atherosclerosis and stroke in a young man, this case emphasizes the importance of rare metabolic disorders in stroke, even when a common cause such as PFO is identified. Early recognition enables targeted therapy and improves outcomes.

Sociodemographic, Financial, and Mental Health Predictors of Frequency of Dental Visits in Middle-Aged and Young Adults in the U.S.: Findings From the National Health Interview Survey 2023.

Clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and healthcare utilization among children, adolescents, and young adults with obesity in the United States.

Young adults' lived experiences of parental cancer: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Numerous episodic memory research studies have shown that young adults use self-initiated intentional strategies to encode verbal stimuli and that self-initiated intentional encoding strategy use plays a significant role in memory performance. However, the types, frequency, and effectiveness of self-initiated intentional memory retrieval strategies that young adults use during free recall of verbal stimuli from episodic memory have not been systematically investigated. The goals of this study were to (a) systematically examine the types and frequency of self-initiated intentional memory retrieval strategies that young adults use to recall individually presented unrelated words and to (b) investigate whether use of self-initiated intentional memory retrieval strategies during free recall could benefit memory for individually presented unrelated words in addition to use of self-initiated intentional memory strategies during encoding. Young adults intentionally encoded individually presented unrelated words, completed a free recall memory assessment, and made retrospective open-ended and frequency rating scale encoding and retrieval strategy reports. Several types of self-initiated intentional memory retrieval strategies were reported. Ninety-seven and one hundred percent of participants reported using at least one self-initiated systematic intentional memory retrieval strategy in their open-ended and frequency rating scale strategy reports, respectively. Participants reported using individual self-initiated intentional memory retrieval strategies to try to recall 10%-59% of words on average. Self-reported use of concept imagery and sentence generation retrieval strategies predicted free recall when controlling for self-reported use of concept imagery and sentence generation encoding strategies, suggesting that use of self-initiated intentional memory retrieval strategies could benefit verbal episodic memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

To understand the impact of and subsequent reactions to exposure to extreme violence in young adults in South Africa exposed during school years. In particular, to get an in-depth understanding of its immediate consequences and factors that ameliorate or exacerbate it. An exploratory qualitative research design was used, using purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews with 21 young South African adults aged 19-31 were conducted online. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Violence exposure was found to result in trauma reactions with themes of a continued sense of being unsafe, feeling damaged and defective because of having these reactions, and mistrust towards others. In terms of coping reactions, a theme of avoidance and/or reacting with aggressive behaviour was identified, which likely exacerbated the challenges they experienced. By contrast, a more positive theme was identified in some, focused on having a sense of community and connectedness, which was experienced as ameliorating these challenges. Exposure to community and school violence in childhood has a lasting impact on mental health and adjustment in later life. The impact is likely worsened by mistrust of others, a continued sense of feeling unsafe and counterproductive coping mechanisms, while connectedness and community seem to lessen the impact. Further research can refine these findings to build an understanding of these mechanisms to inform secondary prevention and treatment interventions in low- and middle-income countries.

Age-related differences in balance, gait, and dual-task costs: A cross-sectional study.

Removing Tobacco Price Discounts from the Retail Point-of-Sale Exterior Reduces Young Adults' Future Cigarette Smoking Susceptibility: an Experimental Investigation.

Racial and/or Ethnic, Sex, and Age Differences in Smoking Prevalences Among Youth and Young Adults.

Young adults aged 18 to 24 face increased risk for acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and reduced access to healthcare as they transition into adulthood and assume responsibility for their health. Furthermore, racial, ethnic, gender, and sexual minority young adults are at an increased risk for STIs and are less likely to have health insurance. This study evaluates the demographics of young adults undergoing STI and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing at a sexual health clinic, and the impact of healthcare access and insurance status on the likelihood of STI diagnosis and treatment. Data were collected between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2023, for all patients aged 18 to 24 presenting to a community-based clinic for youth ages 13 to 24 offering free STI and HIV testing and other low-cost sexual health services. Data analysis included test results for gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV. Demographics of patients testing positive for STIs were similar to those seen nationally in the United States for this age group, apart from syphilis; however, overall infection rates were higher. Those who receive healthcare outside of the clinic were less likely to test positive for gonorrhea and chlamydia. Patients who visited the clinic before were less likely to test positive for chlamydia, while those who had not been seen before were more likely to test positive. Access to care, either at our clinic or elsewhere, may be associated with better screening or proactive preventative care, which could reduce the likelihood of testing positive for STIs in young adult populations.

German Clinical Practice Guideline on Microhematuria in Children and Young Adults: Evaluating Early Detection of Kidney Disease.

Cross-sectional and within-person associations of chronic overlapping pain conditions and psychosocial functioning in young adults.

Promoting adherence to weight-related behaviors in young adults: Design of the Nudge microrandomized trial.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to vitamin D in young adults in rural Sri Lankan settings.

Amygdala reactivity to social stress in young adults: A scoping review of neuroimaging studies

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death, with elevated blood pressure (BP) in young adults being linked to CVD in adulthood. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a noninvasive measure of arterial stiffness, a predictor of CVD, and can be influenced by exercise. Exercise, like stair climbing, improves vascular health and reduces BP. The primary aims of this study were to examine whether the change in BP after a single stair climb is associated with PWV and whether it is associated with 24-h BP averages. Fifty-four young adults (23.8 ± 3.56 years) underwent back-to-back sessions of vascular health assessment, a 24-h ambulatory BP (ABP) monitoring, and a single stair climb exercise consisting of 42 steps. Pre- to post-climb BP response was calculated. Our population was normotensive (119.4/73.7 mmHg) and had an increase in SBP (126.4-138.5 mmHg, P < 0.05) and heart rate (HR) (85.6-94.2 bpm, P < 0.05) with climb. We found an inverse relationship between PWV (5.4 ± 0.85 m/s) and change in SBP with climb ( r = -0.340, P = 0.012). We found no relationship between 24-h BP averages and post-stair climb response. The first to report an inverse relationship between SBP response to exercise and PWV in young adults emphasizes subtle differences in vascular compliance. While the stair climb elicited a significant vascular response, there was no association with 24-h ABP averages. The potential of stair climbing as a practical exercise for assessing vascular health underscores the need for future research.

Disentangling race and ethnicity in predicting symptoms of depression among young adults: A machine learning approach.

The incidence of steatotic liver disease (SLD) among younger adults is increasing globally. While poor diet is a recognised risk factor, the impact of specific dietary components is unclear. We investigated associations between dietary patterns and SLD markers in younger adults. Analysis involved 887 members of the Raine Study Generation 2 cohort, assessed at age 27. SLD was defined using a validated MRI volumetric liver fat fraction equation. Dietary intake, assessed by food frequency questionnaires, was summarised using a modified Overall Diet Score (ODS) that classified foods as "healthy" or "unhealthy." Associations between diet and SLD were evaluated by logistic regression, adjusting for waist circumference, sex, alcohol intake and physical activity. SLD was identified in 142 participants (16 %). Higher consumption of vegetables, nuts, fish/seafood, coffee (all P < 0.001), tea (P = 0.003), and legumes (P = 0.024) was associated with reduced odds of SLD. Conversely, higher intake of fruit juice, processed animal products, processed meats (all P < 0.001), and sweets/desserts (P = 0.029) was associated with increased odds. Greater healthy food consumption (overall median [IQR] = 23 [19-27]) was inversely associated with SLD (adjusted OR = 0.949 per unit, 95 % CI 0.909-0.992; P = 0.021). This association remained statistically significant only in males after adjustment (P = 0.007). The ODS and unhealthy food intake were not significantly associated with SLD following adjustment. A higher intake of unprocessed or minimally processed plant-based foods is associated with a lower odds of SLD in younger adults, independent of central adiposity. These findings underscore the protective potential of plant-rich dietary patterns against SLD in early adulthood.

Parental miscarried helping, self-efficacy, and treatment adherence among adolescents and young adults with epilepsy: A mediation model.