Young Adult Mental Health Research Articles

Emotional Intelligence and Quality of Life Among Substance Abuse Adults

bstract: Substance use among young people goes from experimentation to extreme substance use problems. All substance use, even test use, puts teenagers in danger of momentary issues, for example, mishaps, battles, undesirable sexual movement, and overdose. Substance use likewise meddles with young adult mental health. Teenagers are helpless against the impacts of substance use and are at expanded danger of growing long-haul outcomes, for example, emotional well-being messes, underachievement in school, a substance use issue, and higher paces of enslavement, if they routinely use liquor, cannabis, nicotine, or different medications during puberty. In present day Western culture, substance use is a simple path for young people to full-fill the typical formative need to face challenges and look for thrills. As anyone might expect, substance use is regular as young people get more seasoned, and about 70% of teenagers will attempt liquor before secondary school graduation. In any case, repeating or continuous substance utilize is considerably less normal. Indeed, even incidental substance use is dangerous and ought not be downplayed, overlooked, or permitted by grown-ups. Parental perspectives and the models that guardians set with respect to their own utilization of liquor, tobacco, professionally prescribed medications, and different substances are an incredible impact. As per public reviews, the extent of twelfth graders who report they have not utilized any substances during their life has been consistently expanding in the course of recent years. Be that as it may, simultaneously, an expansive scope of more strong and perilous items, (for example, solution narcotics, high-strength pot items, and fentanyl) has opened up. These items put youths who do begin utilizing substances at higher danger of creating both short-and long-haul results. The substances that are utilized most by youths are liquor, nicotine (in tobacco or vaping items), and pot. The aim was to study the effect substance abuse on the well- being of adolescence. Boles and miotto (2003) conducted a study on substance abuse and violence, studied that illegal medications are available in the two wrongdoers and casualties in numerous vicious occasions. The connections between psychoactive substances and savagery include expansive social and financial powers, the settings wherein individuals acquire and burn-through the substance, and the organic cycles that underlie all human conduct. On account of liquor, proof from lab and exact examinations uphold the chance of a causal part in fierce conduct. Additionally, the psychopharma-codynamics of energizers, for example, amphetamines and cocaine, likewise propose that these substances could assume a contributing part in vicious conduct. Overdose of liquor and different medications lead to extreme medical conditions and mental issues. Liquor utilizations are more pervasive in the present youth either to flaunt or to keep themselves standoffish from rest of the world. Individuals have issues identified with their work and expert life and even now and again face divisions from their friends and family. Substance misuse and substance reliance mess up mental, physical, mental, and enthusiastic prosperity of a person. The un-favourable impact of substance reliance drives Individual to carries out grievous wrongdoing, for example, assaults, murder, lewd behaviour, physical and aggressive behaviour at home, mishaps, battles and so on. Based on our findings, Emotional Intelligence was significantly correlated with Quality of Life in substance abusers. There was no major difference in the mean of the groups of Males and Females

The moderating role of mental health on the association between COVID-related stress, isolation, and economic hardship and using substances to cope

Since young adulthood is a vulnerable period for adverse mental health experiences and high-risk substance use, it is critical to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young adult mental health and substance use behaviors. Therefore, we determined whether the relationship between COVID-related stressors and using substances to cope with COVID-related social distancing and isolation was moderated by depression and anxiety among young adults. Data were from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) Vaping Supplement (total N = 1244). Logistic regressions assessed the relations between COVID-related stressors, depression, anxiety, demographic characteristics, and interactions between depression/anxiety and COVID-related stressors with vaping more, drinking more, and using marijuana to cope with COVID-related social distancing and isolation. Greater COVID-related stress due to social distancing was associated with vaping more to cope among those with more depression symptoms and drinking more to cope among those with more symptoms of anxiety. Similarly, COVID-related economic hardships were associated with using marijuana to cope among those with more symptoms of depression. However, feeling less COVID-related isolation and social distancing stress was linked to vaping and drinking more to cope, respectively, among those with more symptoms of depression. These findings suggest that the most vulnerable young adults are seeking substances to cope with the pandemic, while potentially experiencing co-occurring depression and anxiety along with COVID-related stressors. Therefore, intervention programs to support young adults who are struggling with their mental health in the aftermath of the pandemic as they transition into adulthood are critical.

Campus‐based pilot seeks to lift barriers to care for young adults

Operators of a young adult mental health pilot program in Texas are planning to deliver services in a fashion that too many traditional mental health systems nationally have not: early, low‐barrier, and age‐specific.

Young Adult Mental Health Beyond the COVID-19 Era: Can Enlightened Policy Promote Long-Term Change?

The status of mental health for adolescents and young adults has aptly been termed a "crisis" across research, clinical, and policy quarters. Arguably, the status quo provision of mental health services for adolescents and young adults is neither acceptable nor salvageable in its current form. Instead, only a wholesale policy transformation of mental health sciences can address crises of this scope. Pandemic-related impacts on mental health, particularly among young adults, have clearly exposed the need for the mental healthcare field to develop a set of transformative priorities to achieve long overdue, systemic changes: (1) frequent mental health tracking, (2) increased access to mental health care, (3) working with and within communities, (4) collaboration across disciplines and stakeholders, (5) prevention-focused emphasis, (6) use of dimensional descriptions over categorical pronouncements, and (7) addressing systemic inequities. The pandemic required changes in mental healthcare that can and should be the beginning of long-needed reform, calling upon all mental health care disciplines to embrace innovation and relinquish outdated traditions.

Text4Hope Effectiveness in Reducing Psychological Symptoms among Young Adults in Canada: Longitudinal and Naturalistic Controlled Program Evaluation

Chronic stress, anxiety, and depression are psychological problems that can hurt young adults, interfering with their everyday function, academic achievement, and interpersonal relationships. This study aimed to assess the impact of Text4Hope, an online mental health service, on the psychological well-being of young adults. This study adopted both longitudinal and naturalistic controlled trial designs. It examined clinical outcomes in young adult (≤26 years old) subscribers of Text4Hope who completed surveys at baseline and six weeks and compared clinical parameters in two groups of subscribers. The first group comprised the intervention group (IG) (young adult subscribers who received once-daily supportive text messages for six weeks and completed sixth-week evaluation measures between 26 April and 12 July 2020), and the second group was the control group (CG) (young adult subscribers who joined Text4Hope in the same time frame and completed a baseline survey and were yet to receive any text messages). The prevalence of moderate to high stress, anxiety, and depression was measured at baseline and six weeks in the longitudinal study and between the two groups for the naturalistic controlled study using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Inferential statistics, including the t-test, McNemar test, chi-square, and binary logistic regression analyses, were used to evaluate the differences in the prevalence and severity of the psychological symptoms. In the longitudinal study, of the 9214 subscribers to Text4Hope who completed the baseline survey, 1047 (11.4%) were identified as youth. For the young adult subscribers who completed both the baseline and sixth-week surveys (n = 114), a significant reduction in the prevalence of moderate to high stress (8%) and likely GAD (20%) from baseline to six weeks was reported. Similarly, there was a significant reduction in the mean scores on the PSS-10, GAD-7, and Composite Mental Health score but not the PHQ-9 from baseline to six weeks. The largest reduction in mean scores was for the GAD-7 scale (18.4%), with a small effect size overall. For the naturalistic study, the IG included 173 young adult subscribers of Text4Hope who completed the sixth-week survey compared to 92 subscribers in the CG who completed the baseline survey during the designated period. There was a significantly lower prevalence for likely Moderate Depressive Disorder (MDD) (25.2%) and suicidal thoughts/thoughts of self-harm (48.4%), with a small effect size in the IG compared to the CG. Similarly, lower mean scores were reported for all outcome variables in the IG compared to the CG, with a small to medium effect size. The receipt of daily supportive text messages for six weeks resulted in significantly lower odds of both likely GAD and experiencing thoughts of self-harm or death wish while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The Text4Hope service is an effective tool for mental health support for young adult subscribers. Young adults receiving the service exhibited a reduction in psychological symptoms, including thoughts of self-harm or death wish. This population-level intervention program can be used to effectively support young adult mental health and in suicide prevention programs.

Slackening of COVID-19 social isolation measures and resilience in young adults: a longitudinal study on medium-term effects on loneliness

Background Social isolation to contain the COVID-19 pandemic affected young adult mental health, partly through loneliness. Resilience is a protective factor for anxiety and depression after exposure to a stressor such as a pandemic. Medium-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on young adult mental health are yet to be defined. Aims This longitudinal study aimed to evaluate if slackening of social isolation reduced loneliness in young adult living in two European countries, and if this was positively related to their mental health care needs status. Methods A two-phase online survey was conducted from spring 2020 (T1) to summer 2020 (T2). The primary outcomes were the Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA) and the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale. Participants reported mental health care needs before and during lockdown: professional help-seeking, psychotropic drugs use, and admission to a psychiatric department. Results There were 88 participants at T2 (retention rate 35%), of whom 78.4% were female, with a mean age of 22±2.4 years. They were grouped according to mental health care needs change. UCLA scale score decreased in 51 (58.0%) participants from T1 to T2. The group who experienced an increase in mental health care needs displayed a more significant decrease in the UCLA scale compared to the other groups (adjusted p=0.02 and 0.01). The difference of UCLA scale scores from T1 to T2 was positively correlated with the RSA score at T1 (p=0.02). Limitations This longitudinal design provides robust evidence, but the drop-off (attrition 65%) is a significant limitation. Our research was explorative and the results need to be confirmed in future studies. Conclusions Loneliness decreased in line with the slackening of social isolation. Resilience predicts the positive medium-term outcome of loneliness. Thus, interpersonal social support and resilience seem particularly beneficial for young adult mental health. Early assessment of resilience in large-scale disasters could represent a powerful tool for identifying at-risk subjects. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on young adult mental health.

Grading bias and young adult mental health.

We study exposure to grading bias and provide novel evidence of its impact on mental health. Grading bias, which we interpret as over-grading, is constructed as the residual of final upper secondary school grades having controlled for results in a standardized test, itself not subject to grading leniency. Grading bias is further isolated by considering only within-school variation in over-grading and controlling for prior grades and school production. Using Swedish individual-level register data for individuals graduating from upper secondary school in the years 2001-2004, we show that over-grading has substantial significant protective impacts on the mental health of young adults, but only among female students. That grades themselves, independent of knowledge, substantially impact the production of health highlights an important health production mechanism, and implies that any changes to the design of grading systems must consider these wider health implications.

Trajectories of sickness absence among young people with prior depression/anxiety symptoms

Abstract Background Depression and anxiety are associated with elevated risks of sickness absence (SA), but less is known about the development of SA over time in young people experiencing these mental health conditions. This study aimed to identify latent trajectories of SA in young people with a history of depression and/or anxiety symptoms, while accounting for sociodemographic factors. Methods This was an observational cohort study of 1,445 twin individuals who had elevated depression/anxiety symptoms in late adolescence or young adulthood (age range: 19-30), as assessed in Swedish surveys completed in 2005. Through linkage to the national registries, the individuals were prospectively followed from 2006 to 2018. The outcome included consecutive annual net days of SA, which were analyzed using group-based trajectory modeling with zero-inflated Poisson regression. Multinomial logistic regression estimating odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used to examine the influence of age, sex, and educational level on the resulting trajectory groups. Results Four distinct trajectories of SA were identified: ‘high-increasing’ (6%), ‘low-increasing’ (12%), ‘high-decreasing’ (13%), and ‘constant-low’ (69%). The constant-low was used as the reference in all analyses. Increasing age was found to be associated with higher odds of belonging to the low-increasing trajectory (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.02-1.12). Women had higher odds of belonging to the low-increasing trajectory (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.10-2.53), compared to men. Higher education was associated with lower odds of belonging to the high-increasing (OR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.22-0.54) and high-decreasing (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.43-0.81) trajectories, compared to lower education. Conclusions Distinct group-based trajectories of SA were identified in young people with early depression/anxiety symptoms. Targeted and timely public health strategies aiming to improve adolescent and young adult mental health may help reduce SA in the long run. Key messages • We identified four trajectories of sickness absence in young people with common mental health problems. • Public health efforts to improve mental health may reduce sickness absence in vulnerable groups.

37.4 Substance-Use Pattern Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Clinical Professionals

37.4 Substance-Use Pattern Changes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Clinical Professionals

Social media-based interventions for adolescent and young adult mental health: A scoping review

BackgroundMental health conditions are common among adolescents and young adults, yet few receive adequate mental health treatment. Many young people seek support and information online through social media, and report preferences for digital interventions. Thus, digital interventions deployed through social media have promise to reach a population not yet engaged in treatment, and at risk of worsening symptoms. ObjectiveIn this scoping review, we aimed to identify and review empirical research on social media-based interventions aimed at improving adolescent and young adult mental health. A secondary objective was to identify the features and functionalities of platforms described as social media. MethodsAdhering to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews, the search was conducted in PubMed MEDLINE; Embase Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley); PsycINFO (Ebsco); Scopus; Web of Science; IEEE Xplore; ACM Digital Library; and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception until November 2021. Studies were included if they involved adolescents or young adults (10–26 years of age) that meet clinical, or subclinical, levels of a mental health condition and include a pre- and post-assessment of mental health outcomes. ResultsAmong the 18,380 references identified, 15 met full inclusion criteria and were published between 2017 and 2021–this included four randomized controlled trials, seven non-randomized pre-post trials, and four were experimental or quasi-experimental designs. Just five studies were delivered through an existing social media site (Facebook or Pixtori), with the remainder focused on purpose-built networks. Three studies involved adolescents or young adults who self-reported a mental health condition, seven involved young people diagnosed with a mental health condition by a clinician or who scored above a clinical threshold on valid clinical measure, three involved college students without a mental health inclusion criterion, and two studies focused on young people with a cancer diagnosis. ConclusionsThe review highlights innovations in the delivery of mental health interventions, provides preliminary evidence of the ability of social media interventions to improve mental health outcomes, and underscores the need for, and merit of, future work in this area. We discuss opportunities and challenges for future research, including the potential to leveragei existing peer networks, the use of just-in-time interventions, and scaling interventions to meet need.

College Students' Reduced Cognitive Empathy and Increased Anxiety and Depression before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study explored college students’ individual mental health (i.e., anxious and depressive symptoms, intrapersonal identity, and ethnic identity), as well as interpersonal mental health, as assessed by their affective connection to and care for others (i.e., cognitive empathy), exploring the role of culture and identity during the twin COVID-19 and racial justice pandemics of 2020. Comparing a longitudinal cohort of 147 undergraduate students’ experiences prior to the pandemic (Spring 2019) and after the onset of the pandemic (Spring 2021), the study examines students’ mental health changes amidst the multi-layered challenges of this time. A repeated measures Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed heightened anxiety and depression scores from pre-pandemic to during the pandemic and a reduction in cognitive empathy as expressed through perspective taking and empathic concern. The study begins to examine the implications of these findings in the COVID-19 era with a focus on young adult mental health, higher education, empathy, and community-mindedness.

Testing positive, losing a loved one, and financial hardship: Real-world impacts of COVID-19 on US college student distress

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has taken a particularly heavy toll on U.S. college students. In addition to facing academic-related stress and social pressures, these individuals are now increasingly susceptible to experiences such as contracting the virus, losing loved ones to COVID-19, or facing financial hardship due to the pandemic. The effects of such personal, pandemic-related experiences on young adult mental health — and the inherent racial disparities within these outcomes — remain largely understudied. MethodsWe analyzed 65,568 undergraduate students from the Spring 2021 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA). ResultsThe rates of the aforementioned COVID-19-related stressors were unevenly distributed across racial groups. A logistic regression analysis to identify predictors of moderate and serious psychological distress revealed that participants who had experienced the death of a loved one had 1.14 times greater odds of developing psychological distress (p < 0.0001). Those who experienced financial hardship had an odds ratio of 1.78 (p < 0.0001). Surprisingly, testing positive for COVID-19 was associated with an odds ratio of 0.82 of psychological distress (p < 0.0001). LimitationsSelf-reported measures are susceptible to recall bias and misinterpretation. Exposure and outcome variables were measured simultaneously in this cross-sectional study which limits inference on causality. ConclusionsFinancial burdens and bereavement are especially impactful stressors among college students during the pandemic, whereas contracting COVID-19 seemingly exhibits less impact on distress levels. When addressing student wellbeing, institutions should consider prioritizing the implementation of resources to support individuals affected by pandemic-related financial and familial losses.

Mental health in young adults born extremely preterm or extremely low birthweight with contemporary neonatal intensive care.

For infants born in the contemporary era of neonatal care, little is known about adult mental health outcomes of extremely preterm birth (EP; <28 weeks' gestation) or extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1000 g). This study aimed to compare attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, mood, and substance use disorder prevalence in young adults born EP/ELBW and normal birthweight (NBW; >2499 g) controls, and to compare change in prevalence of mental health symptoms and disorders from 18 to 25 years. Participants were a prospective geographical cohort of 297 consecutive survivors born EP/ELBW during 1991-1992 and 260 NBW controls. At age 25 years, 174 EP/ELBW and 139 NBW participants completed the Adult ADHD Rating Scale, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Disorders, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised. Data from follow-up at 18 years were also utilized. Multiple imputation was used to account for attrition. Mental health outcomes at 25 years were similar between groups: prevalence rates were ADHD 7% v. 5%; anxiety 32% v. 27%; mood 38% v. 35%; substance use 12% v. 14% in the EP/ELBW and NBW groups, respectively. In both groups, ADHD declined between 18 and 25 years [odds ratio (OR) per year = 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.79-0.95], and generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive episode became more common (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.35 per year; OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10-1.30 respectively). This contemporary EP/ELBW cohort has comparable young adult mental health outcomes to controls, and similar patterns of change in mental health from late adolescence.

Metabolic and clinical profiles of young people with mood or psychotic disorders who are prescribed metformin in an inpatient setting.

Youth with early-onset mood or psychotic disorders are occasionally prescribed metformin to manage cardiometabolic risk. This retrospective study explores the demographic, clinical and metabolic factors associated with metformin prescription youth with mood or psychotic disorders. Participants included 72 youth with mood or psychotic disorders from a young adult mental health inpatient unit, of which 18 (33%) were newly prescribed metformin, and 54 (66%) were not prescribed metformin. Demographic and clinical information were extracted from the patients' medical files along with body mass index (BMI), fasting serum bloods and calculated updated homeostatic model of insulin resistance assessment (HOMA2-IR) scores to compare profiles between groups. Of those prescribed metformin, 83% were overweight or obese and 72% had elevated HOMA2-IR scores. Of those not receiving metformin treatment, 41% were overweight or obese and 22% had elevated HOMA2-IR scores. Youth prescribed metformin had significantly higher BMI, and elevated markers of insulin resistance, but did not differ to those not prescribed metformin on other demographic, clinical or metabolic factors. While metformin is prescribed to some youth with mood or psychotic disorders displaying markers of cardiometabolic disturbance, there is a need to develop clearer treatment guidelines for metformin in these youth.

Investigating Asian American Adolescents’ Resiliency Factors and Young Adult Mental Health Outcomes at 14-year Follow-up: A Nationally Representative Prospective Cohort Study

There is scant research on how Asian American adolescents’ resiliency relates to mental well-being in adulthood. The objective of this study was to determine the prospective associations between resiliency factors (individual, family, and school community) in adolescence and mental health outcomes in adulthood, among a national sample of Asian Americans. We analyzed data from 1020 Asian American adolescents who were followed for 14 years in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. Of the resiliency factors, individual self-esteem (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 0.54, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.37–0.79) and family connectedness (AOR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65–0.93) in adolescence were found to be protective against adult mental health outcomes in logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic factors and baseline mental health. Our study identified individual and family resiliency factors which can be leveraged to help Asian American adolescents and families in cultivating better mental health.

Young Adult E-Cigarette and Combustible Tobacco Users Attitudes, Substance Use Behaviors, Mental Health, and Neurocognitive Performance.

Nicotine and tobacco product (NTP) use has escalated, largely due to the advent of e-cigarettes. The NTP administration method (i.e., combustible cigarette, e-cigarette) may be an important differentiator. We assessed young adult substance use history, nicotine attitudes, mental health, and neurocognition by the NTP use method. Emerging adults (16–22 year olds) were divided into combustible NTP users (Combustible+ = 79, had used any combustible NTP in the last 6 months), non-combustible users (E-Cig = 43, had used non-combustible NTP, in the past 6 months), and NTP Naïve (n = 79; had not used NTP in the past 6 months) based on past 6-month NTP use patterns. Participants completed self-report and objective neurocognition measures. Analysis of covariance assessed mental health and neurocognition by group, controlling for confounds and correcting for multiple comparisons. Nicotine groups reported more favorable attitudes toward combustible cigarette and e-cigarette use, with taste as the primary reason for e-cigarette use. Combustible+ reported more nicotine dependence and craving. Substance use differed by group, with Combustible+ using the most NTP, alcohol, and cannabis. Nicotine groups reported higher depression and stress symptoms; male Combustible+ reported higher depression symptoms than other same-gender groups. Groups did not differ on neurocognition, though cannabis use was associated with inaccurate emotional Stroop responses. Overall, research suggests that young adult combustible users are likely qualitatively different from non-combustible users. Understanding the unique characteristics related to NTP product use will help guide intervention and prevention development.

Developmental relationships between socio-economic disadvantage and mental health across the first 30 years of life.

Understanding of how socio-economic disadvantage experienced over the life course relates to mental health outcomes in young adulthood has been limited by a lack of long-term, prospective studies. Here we address this limitation by drawing on data from a large Australian population cohort study that has followed the development of more than 2,000 Australians (and their families) from infancy to young adulthood since 1983. Associations were examined between prospective assessments of socio-economic position (SEP) from 4-8 months to 27-28 years and mental health problems (depression, anxiety, stress) and competence (civic engagement, emotional maturity, secure intimate relationship) at 27-28 years. The odds of being socio-economically disadvantaged in young adulthood were elevated eight- to tenfold in those who had experienced disadvantage in the family of origin, compared with those who had not (OR 8.1, 95% CI 4.5-14.5 to 10.1, 95% CI 5.2-19.5). Only concurrent SEP was associated with young adult mental health problems, and this effect was limited to anxiety symptoms (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.9). In contrast, SEP had more pervasive impacts on young adult competence, particularly in the civic domain where effects were evident even from early infancy (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26-0.81). Findings suggest that one potentially important mechanism through which disadvantage compromises mental health is through limiting the development and consolidation of key psychosocial competencies needed for health and well-being in adulthood.

Do Social Media Impact Young Adult Mental Health and Well-Being? A Qualitative Study

Abstract The Social Work profession recognises the ethical and educational implications of social media usage but remains cautious in embracing the technology in the context of clinical practice. Social media platforms allow their users to share thoughts, opinions, experiences, information, develop online communities and access social and emotional support. Social media-focused research in the mental health context has described the risk of vulnerable populations using social media. However, there is a dearth of research examining the lived experiences of young adult social media users or addressing both the perceived risks and benefits. Social Work clinicians need to understand the experience of clients and be able to respond to questions or challenges that service users using social media experience. Deploying inductive thematic content analysis, this study presents the qualitative findings of an online survey eliciting the experience of young adult social media users. Young adults reported varying perspectives, including preferences for anonymity, how social media is employed and consideration that specific platforms are either helpful or harmful. Results are discussed with consideration given to existing literature. This article contributes to the evidence-base for social work and other disciplines, allowing for a greater phenomenological understanding of young adults’ use of social media.

Feasibility of Assessing Adolescent and Young Adult Heart Transplant Recipient Mental Health and Resilience Using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures.

Although adolescents and young adults may be particularly prone to mental health symptoms after heart transplant, screening practices are variable. To assess the feasibility of using patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures to assess mental health, functional status, and resiliency in posttransplant adolescents and young adult patients. Patients transplanted between ages 15 and 25 years at 3 centers completed 6 PRO instruments via web-based platforms: PROMIS instruments for anxiety, depression, satisfaction with social roles, and physical functioning; the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version 5; and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10. Feasibility (completion, time to completion, and measure missingness) and PRO results were described and compared between patients with congenital heart disease and cardiomyopathy. Nineteen patients (median age at transplant 17.7 y [interquartile range 16.3, 19.2 y], 84% male) were enrolled at an average of 3±1.8 years after transplant. Enrollment was 90% among eligible patients. Measure missingness was zero. The average completion time was 12±15 minutes for all instruments. Timely PRO completion was facilitated by in-clinic application. The PRO results indicated that 9 patients (47%) had at least mild posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (≥11 points on Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version 5). Among them, 4 patients had scores >28 suggestive of probable posttraumatic stress disorder. Two (11%) and 6 (32%) patients had anxious and depressive symptoms, respectively. The cardiomyopathy cohort had a higher median Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, version 5 score than that of the congenital heart disease subgroup (11.0 vs 6.0; P=0.015). Twelve (63%) had resiliency scores that were lower than the population average. No significant differences were found in PRO results between patients with cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease apart from the posttraumatic stress disorder assessment. This novel PRO-based approach to psychiatric screening of adolescents and young adult patients after transplant appears feasible for assessing mental health, functional status, and resiliency, with excellent enrollment and completion rates. These instruments characterized the burden of mental health symptoms within this adolescents and young adult heart transplant cohort, with a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Resiliency scores were lower than in a comparison population. Electronically-administered PRO administration could facilitate more consistent mental health screening in this at-risk group.

The impact of Instagram on young Adult's social comparison, colourism and mental health: Indian perspective

This paper explores persuasive issues such as Social Comparison, Colourism, and Mental Health and their relationship with Instagram use, focusing on young adults living in India. Participants (N = 726) were recruited to fill up a questionnaire, and the self-reported data was used to test our hypothesis. The study followed a correlational, non-experimental approach to investigate the mediation models as proposed. Structural Equational Modelling eluded a positive and significant relationship between age and the social issues with control variables as the frequency and time spent on Instagram. Moreover, it was found that social comparison can lead to colourism and mental health issues. Gender was, however, found to have insignificant relation with three parameters. Qualitative analysis was supported to find important implications for all Instagram stakeholders. Discussions were drawn indicating the need to raise awareness regarding these issues to enjoy social media while safeguarding the user's well-being. The paper provides critical key findings delving into the realms of these parameters, and such implications are further discussed to understand its reflection in online spaces.