Yoruba Children Research Articles

Ethnicity as a cultural factor influencing complete vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Achieving complete vaccination for children has been challenging in Nigeria. Yet, addressing Nigeria’s completeness of vaccination requires ethno-cultural diversity consideration rather than nationally population based. This study explored patterns and determinants of complete vaccination among children of Hausa/Fulani, Igbo and Yoruba, the predominant ethnicities in Nigeria. The study used a cross-sectional data involving 3980 children aged 12–23 months extracted from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey dataset. In this study, complete vaccination is defined as a child who received all recommended vaccinations. A generalized linear mixed model applied to clustered data was used for data analysis (α = 0.05). The prevalence of complete vaccinations was 56.3%, 40.8% and 18.2% among Igbo, Yoruba and Hausa/Fulani children, respectively. The likelihood of complete vaccination was higher among children who were of Igbo (aOR = 1.38; CI: 1.20–1.59) compared with Hausa/Fulani. Predictors of complete vaccination were maternal age-at-childbirth, education, prenatal-care attendant and place of delivery among Hausa/Fulani; place of residence and perceived access to self-medical help, among Igbo; while prenatal-care attendance, among Yoruba. The odds of complete vaccination were higher among Hausa/Fulani (aOR = 1.65; CI: 1.04–2.61), Igbo (aOR = 2.55; CI: 1.20–5.44) and Yoruba (aOR = 4.22; CI: 1.27–13.96) children from higher wealth-quintile households compared to those from poor households. There was evidence of variability in the likelihood of complete vaccination in all the ethnic groups. The Hausa/Fulani tribe had the lowest complete vaccination coverage for children aged 12–23 months. Context-specific program intervention to improve complete vaccination is needed to ensure that the SDG target for vaccination is met.

Assessment of mothers’ knowledge upon their children with enzyme deficiency (G6Pd) in pediatric teaching hospital at Al-Hilla City

Aims of the study to identify knowledge of mother's toward their children with G6pd. And to find out demographic characteristic of mother's children with G6pd like age level of education. Methodology: 1 .design of the study: descriptive study of mother and child. 2. Setting of the study: the study was carried out of maternal and child Babylon hospital. 3. Time of the study: the study period extended from 20 november2016 to 12 January 2017. Results: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) regulates production of the reduced form of Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) through the pentose phosphate pathway. G6PD may therefore affect superoxide anion production via vascular NADPH oxidase, which is key in mediating the vascular response to angiotensin II (Ang II). We determined the hypertensive and vascular hypertrophic response to Ang II in G6PD-deficient mice. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common human enzymopathy and in Babylon Iraq, is a significant cause of infection- and drug-induced hemolysis and neonatal jaundice. Our goals were to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among Babylon children of different ethnic backgrounds and to identify predictors of G6PD deficiency by analyzing vital signs and hematocrit and by asking screening questions about symptoms of hemolysis. We studied 200 children (100 males and 100 females) aged 1 month to 15 years. We found that the overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 15.3% (38.5% in males, 61.5% in females). Mean oxygen saturation, heart rate and hematocrit were not significantly different in G6PD deficient and G6PD sufficient children In conclusion; we determined the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Nigerian sub-populations. The odds of G6PD deficiency were decreased in Igbo children compared to Yoruba children. There was no association between vital parameters or hematocrit and G6PD deficiency. We found that a history of scleral icterus may increase the odds of G6PD deficiency, but we did not exclude other common causes of icterus such as sickle cell disease or malarial infection. Recommendations Molecular screening for all deficient patient admitted to pediatric hospitals due to hemolytic crises.so establishing and conducting educational awareness programs for G6PD deficiency especially among mother's .and specific clinical follow up program for the deficient children and their families and establishing nationwide program of newborn screening for G6PD deficiency. Keywords: Mother, Knowledge , Effect, Glucose 6 phosphate deficiencies, School age.

The Implications of Ethnicity, Gender, Urban–Rural Residence, and Socioeconomic Status for Progress Through School among Children in Nigeria

This study examines the role of ethnicity, gender, urban–rural residence, and socioeconomic status on children’s progress through school. It also investigates other correlates of progress through school within the categories of ethnicity, gender, urban–rural residence, and socioeconomic status. The study finds ethnic and income gaps in progress through school. In particular, the results show that Hausa–Fulani children and poor children are less likely on average to progress through school than Yoruba children and non-poor children. The preceding results have numerous policy implications. To address the lack of progress through school that arises from late entry, policies must implement early childhood nutrition and food programs. To reduce lack of progress through school among poor children, policy makers must focus on poverty eradication, learning enhancement, and remedial education programs. To address the problem of lack of progress through school among Hausa–Fulani children, it is vital for policies to establish mobile schools, visiting female teachers, and separate school facilities, especially for Hausa–Fulani girls. Results also indicate that work interferes with children’s progress through school; particularly among poor children, rural children, and Hausa–Fulani children. To address this problem, policies need to implement educational stipends that are given to the households in which these children belong on the condition that they are released from work-related distractions during school time.

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Nigerian Children

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common human enzymopathy and in Sub-Saharan Africa, is a significant cause of infection- and drug-induced hemolysis and neonatal jaundice. Our goals were to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among Nigerian children of different ethnic backgrounds and to identify predictors of G6PD deficiency by analyzing vital signs and hematocrit and by asking screening questions about symptoms of hemolysis. We studied 1,122 children (561 males and 561 females) aged 1 month to 15 years. The mean age was 7.4±3.2 years. Children of Yoruba ethnicity made up the largest group (77.5%) followed by those Igbo descent (10.6%) and those of Igede (10.2%) and Tiv (1.8%) ethnicity. G6PD status was determined using the fluorescent spot method. We found that the overall prevalence of G6PD deficiency was 15.3% (24.1% in males, 6.6% in females). Yoruba children had a higher prevalence (16.9%) than Igede (10.5%), Igbo (10.1%) and Tiv (5.0%) children. The odds of G6PD deficiency were 0.38 times as high in Igbo children compared to Yoruba children (p = 0.0500). The odds for Igede and Tiv children were not significantly different from Yoruba children (p = 0.7528 and 0.9789 respectively). Mean oxygen saturation, heart rate and hematocrit were not significantly different in G6PD deficient and G6PD sufficient children. The odds of being G6PD deficient were 2.1 times higher in children with scleral icterus than those without (p = 0.0351). In conclusion, we determined the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in Nigerian sub-populations. The odds of G6PD deficiency were decreased in Igbo children compared to Yoruba children. There was no association between vital parameters or hematocrit and G6PD deficiency. We found that a history of scleral icterus may increase the odds of G6PD deficiency, but we did not exclude other common causes of icterus such as sickle cell disease or malarial infection.

Metaphysics and learning

Is it possible to learn and simultaneously articulate the metaphysical basis of that learning? In my contribution to the forum I tell of how I came to recognise that bilingual Yoruba children could articulate the contrasting metaphysical fra- mings of Yoruba and English numbering. The story introduces an arena I call 'ontics' that recognises the contingencies of metaphysical commitments in the present. My claim is that learning to recognise and strategically articulate ontics as enacted metaphysical commitments in the present is useful in cross-cultural and transdisci- plinary learning and crucial in inquiring into learning.

Pattern of Congenital Heart Disease in the Southwestern Region of Saudi Arabia

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of various forms of congenital heart disease (CHD) among affected children in the Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. During the study period (July 1994 to June 1996), 608 children were referred to Asir Central Hospital as having CHD. All the children were evaluated by a pediatric cardiologist and had electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. Of the 608 patients, only 335, comprising 162 males and 173 females, had CHD. The male to female ratio was 0.9:1. The frequency of various forms of CHD was as follows: ventricular septal defect (VSD) 32.5%; patent ductus arteriosus 15.8%; atrial septal defect 10.4%; pulmonary stenosis 10.1%; atrioventricular septal defect and mitral valve prolapse, 3.6% each; aortic coarctation/interruption 3.3%; obstructive aortic valve lesions 2.7%; tetralogy of Fallot 4.5%; common ventricle 2.7%; pulmonary atresia (PA) with VSD 1.8%; D-transposition of the great arteries 1.5%; Ebstein anomaly 1.5%; and isolated PA 1.2%. Other lesions were extremely rare. The distribution in this study is similar to that reported in previous studies from other parts of the world, except for the lower incidence of obstructive aortic valve lesions.

Weight and Height of Saudi Children Six to 16 Years from the Eastern Province

Measurements of weight and height of 21,638 Saudi boys and girls ages six to 16 years from the Eastern Province were taken. It was observed that the occurrence age of children could only be made out in Hegira years, as age is recorded by parents and at schools by the Hegira calendar. Age is a crucial factor in studies such as this and for valid comparison with any international reference standard, the latter must be adapted to the Hegira calendar year. Curves for weight and height percentiles for age have been constructed and compared with the Hegira adaptation of the NCHS growth standard.

The Standard Physical Growth Chart for Saudi Arabian Preschool Children

This study presents growth charts of preschool based on cross-sectional data of the population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Charts on weights and heights per age were designed separately for boys and girls. Boys consistently weighed more than girls for this age group at every age. Also, the boys were taller than the girls after the age of one year. Since the growth deficits in children from Saudi Arabia compared with internationally recommended reference populations may be attributed to genetic and environmental factors, the charts presented will suffice as a standard in monitoring the growth of Saudi children in particular and those in the Gulf region in general.

Nutritional Profile of Saudi Primary Schoolgirls in an Urban Region

Two hundred eighty-five primary schoolgirls from the urban area of Thugba, Al-Khobar, in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia were examined anthropometrically. Hemoglobin estimations and laboratory...

Perceptions of Dress Style in Some Nigerian Children's Drawings

Abstract The study analyzed the human figure drawings of 125 Yoruba children, approximately 8 years of age and from two social settings (61 middle income and 64 low income). A highly significant difference was found between middle- and low-income children's drawings for both male and female figures. Low-income children were found to draw significantly more Nigerian dress than were middle-income children. No significant difference was found in style of dress between the male and female figures in the middle-income group. A significant difference was found, however, in the low-income group.

The Intellectual Development of Yoruba Children

In reexamining Yoruba children from educated (ELITE) and traditional (OJE) families after five years, we find that those growing up in a privileged environment showed increasingly superior mental age scores. A partial replication of the original study from Yoruba children of 31/z to 7 years confirmed the original findings of highly significant age and background effects. Analysis of the nine age groups in the second stage also yielded a significant age and family background interaction. The predictive power of the 1968 scores, transformed as intelligence quotients, was examined in a regression analysis. An unexpected result was the failure of the 1968 scores for boys to predict performance in 1973. The regression coefficients for both ELITE and OJE girls were significantly greater than zero. Although these findings might suggest biological determinants, these are difficult to specify-as are any aspects of socialization which would be similar in both ELITE and OJE families but which would differentiate the treatment of boys and girls.

Enteric fever in young Yoruba children.

Ninety-seven Nigerian children under 5 years of age had typhoid or paratyphoid fever proved by blood culture. The presented with fever, anaemia, gastrointestinal or neurological disturbances, and typhoid and paratyphoid appeared clinically indistinguishible. In this holoendemic malarial area, malaria was the most important differential diagnosis, and may have contributed to the concomitant anaemia seen in the majority of patients. Despite vigorous therapy with chloramphenicol or trimethoxazole, and blood transfusion where indicated, the mortality in both typhoid and paratyphoid was high (18% in both groups).

Studies of Conservation with Yoruba Children of Differing Ages and Experience

LLOYD, BARBARA B. Studies of Conservation with Yoruba Children of Differing Ages and Experience. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1971, 42, 415-428. Questions concerning the effect of familiar and alien materials, age and culture, and the etiology of conservation are examined in number and continuous quantity tasks assessing conservation in Yoruba Ss, 3.5-8 years, from traditional and educationally advantaged homes. Yoruba Ss evidenced conservation at the same age as American and other African Ss and performance was a linear function of CA. Performance was similar with familiar and with alien materials, although it improved with practice. There was evidence of differential facilitation resulting from sex typing in the advantaged group. Greenfield's hypothesis, that Wolof Ss achieve conservation via direct action, was questioned and reanalysis of the phenomenon suggested in terms of a competence-performance distinction.

The pattern of congenital heart disease in Yoruba children of Western Nigeria

The pattern of congenital heart disease in Yoruba children of Western Nigeria

The Moon Cannot Fight: Yoruba Children's Poems

The Moon Cannot Fight: Yoruba Children's Poems

The Moon Cannot Fight: Yoruba Children's Poems

The Moon Cannot Fight: Yoruba Children's Poems