Yorkshire Archaeological Society Research Articles

Fasti Parochiales, IV: being notes on the advowsons and pre-Reformation incumbents of the parishes in the Deanery of Craven. Edited by Norah K. M. Gurney and Sir Charles Clay. (Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, cxxxiii). Pp. xviii + 154 + map. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1971. £2.50.

Fasti Parochiales, IV: being notes on the advowsons and pre-Reformation incumbents of the parishes in the Deanery of Craven. Edited by Norah K. M. Gurney and Sir Charles Clay. (Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, cxxxiii). Pp. xviii + 154 + map. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1971. £2.50. - Volume 24 Issue 1

William Senior (1862–1937), Legal Historian

Upon receiving from Clare College, Cambridge, a William Senior scholarship to continue my studies in legal history, I enquired about the man whose generosity was being extended to me. No one knew anything about him. Therefore, I collected the information for this short piece as much out of curiosity as piety. Having done so, I discovered a legal historian and scholar of moderate proportions who does not deserve such complete neglect. Had he been a teacher or a politician, my efforts might have been rewarded by the discovery of more personal information about the man himself. As it is, very little beyond his vital statistics is known, and so we must concentrate upon his scholarly remains. The purpose of this article, therefore, is to rescue from oblivion the scholarship of William Senior for the benefit of modern legal historians and to further publicize the existence of this fund of money which he bequeathed for the encouragement of the study of legal history. William Senior was born in 1862 in Wakefield, Yorkshire, the son of Thomas Senior, a solicitor who practiced in Wakefield and Bradford.' He was admitted to Clare College, Cambridge, in 1879 and took his B.A. from the university three years later. In 1886 he was admitted to the Law Society as a solicitor. From 1888 to 1890 he practiced law alone in his native Wakefield, and for the next following five years he pursued his profession in partnership with his father and their next-door neighbor, Percival Barratt.2 In 1891 Senior published his first work: Tutor and Pupils: talks about twelve law maxims.3 However, he never restricted his interests to the field of law, and during the year 1893, at least, he was a member of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society.4 In the

Ministers’ Accounts of the Collegiate Church of St. Mary, Warwick, 1432–85. Edited by Dorothy Styles. (Publications of the Dugdale Society, xxvi). Pp. lvi + 198 + 3 illustrations. Stratford-upon-Avon: Dugdale Society, 1969. n.p. - Bolton Priory Rentals and Ministers’ Accounts, 1473–1539. Edited by Ian Kershaw. (Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, cxxxii). Pp. xxviii + 72. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1970.

Ministers’ Accounts of the Collegiate Church of St. Mary, Warwick, 1432–85. Edited by Dorothy Styles. (Publications of the Dugdale Society, xxvi). Pp. lvi + 198 + 3 illustrations. Stratford-upon-Avon: Dugdale Society, 1969. n.p. - Bolton Priory Rentals and Ministers’ Accounts, 1473–1539. Edited by Ian Kershaw. (Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, cxxxii). Pp. xxviii + 72. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1970.

SHORT REVIEWS

Book Review in this ArticlesAxel Steensberg. Bondehuse og Vandmeller—Farms and Watermills in Denmark during Two Thousand Years.Raphael Taubenschlag. The Law of Greco‐Roman Egypt in the Light of the Papyri (332 B.C.‐640 a.d.) Yorkshire Archaeological Society Record Series, vol. CXVIII. Miscellanea VI, ed. C. E. Whiting. The Book of William Morton, Almoner of Peterborough Monastery, 1448–1467, ed. W. T. Mellows, P. I. King and C. N. L. Brooke.M. B. Donald. Elizabethan Copper: The History of The Company of Mines Royal, 1568–1605. The Works and Corresponderne of David Ricardo. Ed. Piero Sraffa, with the collaboration of M. H. Dobb.Neil Adams McNall. An Agricultural History of the Genesee Valley, 1790–1860.Sigmund Diamond. The Reputation of the American Businessman.James C. Ingram. Economic Change in Thailand since 1850.A. E. Musson. The Congress of 1868: The Origins and Establishment of the T.U.C.R. Page Arnot. A HiSto?y of the Scottish Miners.Marguerite Perrot. La monnaie et l'opinion publique en France et en Angleterre, 1924–1936.Abram Bergson and Hans Heymann, Jr. Soviet National Income and Product, 1940–1948. Capitalism and The Historians. Ed. with an Introduction by F. A. Hayek. Economic Progress. Ed. L. H. Dupriez.K. B. Smellie. The British Way of Life.

The Romano-British Baths at Well. By R. Gilyard-Beer, M.A., F.S.A. (Yorkshire Roman Antiquities Committee Research Report No. 1.) 9¾ × 6¼. Pp. 76. Published by the above Committee, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 10 Park Place, Leeds, 1951. 10s. 6d.

The Romano-British Baths at Well. By R. Gilyard-Beer, M.A., F.S.A. (Yorkshire Roman Antiquities Committee Research Report No. 1.) 9¾ × 6¼. Pp. 76. Published by the above Committee, Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 10 Park Place, Leeds, 1951. 10s. 6d. - Volume 32 Issue 1-2

Quernhow: a Food-Vessel Barrow in Yorkshire

The excavation described in this paper was occasioned by the impending destruction of the Quernhow barrow in the course of construction of a new carriage-way on the Great North Road. Proposals for the preservation of the monument had been advanced prior to the last war, but these proving inexpedient, the complete investigation of the structure was requested by the Ancient Monuments Inspectorate of the Ministry of Works, at the instance of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, and the writer invited to supervise the excavation. A generous grant towards the cost of labour having been made by the Ministry and the Society undertaking to meet all other expenses involved, work commenced on 2nd May 1949, and continued for six weeks, four men being employed throughout this period. At no time was the weather ideal, alternating between an exceptionally long dry spell, which made the study of the barrow structure an extremely difficult task, and a period of continuous rain which unfortunately coincided with the investigation of the primary burial complex.

The Roman Pottery at Norton, East Yorkshire. Roman Malton and District Report No. 7. By Raymond H. Hayes and SirEdward Whitley, K.C.B., edited by Philip Corder, M.A. 10 × 6¼. Pp. 42. Leeds: Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1950. 7s. - A Romano-British Pottery Kiln on the Lincoln Racecourse. By Philip Corder, M.A. 8½ × 5½. Pp.

The Roman Pottery at Norton, East Yorkshire. Roman Malton and District Report No. 7. By Raymond H. Hayes and SirEdward Whitley, K.C.B., edited by Philip Corder, M.A. 10 × 6¼. Pp. 42. Leeds: Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1950. 7<i>s</i>. - A Romano-British Pottery Kiln on the Lincoln Racecourse. By Philip Corder, M.A. 8½ × 5½. Pp.

Roman Fortifications in Yorkshire

RECENT evidence of the varied methods of construction adopted by the builders of Hadrian’s Wall (see NATURE, March 19, p. 505) lent additional interest to the account of the defensive system of Roman Aldborough, near Boroughbridge, Yorkshire, which was presented to the Society of Antiquaries on March 24 by Mr. J. N. L. Myres and Miss Mary Kitson Clarke. This site, known to the Romans as Isurium Brigantium, was the capital city of the British tribe of the Brigantes, an important people, whose territory covered nearly the whole of the northern part of what is now England south of the Border. The excavation was carried out by Mr. Myres and Miss Clarke for the Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society. In the course of the excavation, it was found that the north-west wall did not run as shown in the Ordnance Survey map, but that its angle lay farther to the north-west. The main scheme of the defences, it was found, consisted of the wall itself, backed by a bank of clay and sand. This, however, was not constructed until the second century A.D. Previously there appears to have been no system of defence, and Roman occupation had been haphazard. Later, perhaps in the early part of the fourth century, a large bastion had been added to the angle, and at least one small bastion built on to the west wall, not far from the angle. Still preserved to a height of nine feet in parts is the lower story of an internal angle tower, which was a striking feature of the wall in its original form. This had supported some structure rising above the wall. Pottery indicates that a lean-to hut at the back of the tower was occupied in the third century. The excavations will be carried further in the coming season.

A Roman Villa at Langton, near Malton, E. Yorks. By Philip Corder, M.A., F.S.A., John L. Kirk, B.A., F.S.A., and others. 10 × 6¼. Pp. 99, 58 illustrations in line or half-tone. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society. 1932. 15s. 6d. - A Gazetteer of Roman Remains in East Yorkshire. By Mary Kitson Clark, M.A. 10 × 6¼ Pp. 144. Leeds: Yorkshire

A Roman Villa at Langton, near Malton, E. Yorks. By Philip Corder, M.A., F.S.A., John L. Kirk, B.A., F.S.A., and others. 10 × 6¼. Pp. 99, 58 illustrations in line or half-tone. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society. 1932. 15s. 6d. - A Gazetteer of Roman Remains in East Yorkshire. By Mary Kitson Clark, M.A. 10 × 6¼ Pp. 144. Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society. 1935. 21s. - Volume 16 Issue 3

M. Kitson Clark, A Gazetteer of Roman Remains in East Yorkshire. Roman Malton and District Report no. 5.Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1935. Pp. 142, with 1 map, and map in a holder. 21s.

M. Kitson Clark, A Gazetteer of Roman Remains in East Yorkshire. <i>Roman Malton and District Report no. 5.</i>Leeds: Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1935. Pp. 142, with 1 map, and map in a holder. 21s.

Roman Yorkshire

As progress is made in the excavation of the Roman villa at Rudston, six miles west of Bridlington in Yorkshire, it affords a more extended view of settled life under what has been termed the ‘signal-station’ system, which archaeological discovery in this area has revealed as a characteristic feature in the organisation of this section of Roman Britain. The site has now been under investigation for three seasons by a local committee in conjunction with the Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, the excavation being in charge of Messrs. A. M. Woodward and K. A. Steer. Both coins and types of pottery point to an occupation of considerable duration, the former ranging from Domitian to Valens, and the latter including late first century, Samian, third century types from the Yorkshire pottery at Throlam and ‘signal-station’ types of the end of the fourth century. A system of pre-Roman ditches below the foundations may go back so far as the Bronze Age. An interesting building to the west of the residential block, discovered in 1934, which measures not less than 50 ft. by 22 ft., is now seen, according to a report of the latest results of excavation (The Times, Oct. 22), to have been used for a variety of purposes connected with the needs of the villa. Tesserae of sandstone not of local origin, and many chippings of chalk and tile, confirm the view suggested by earlier discoveries of chalk tesserae and red and blue tiles that it was a workshop for making and repairing mosaic flooring. Further, remains of no less than six ovens point to other uses not yet completely apparent. An early suggestion that they were part of the equipment for the manufacture of wool or for tanning has now been abandoned in favour of the view that they were for drying or roasting grain preparatory to grinding.

A ROMAN VILLA AT LANGTON, NEAR MALTON, E. YORKSHIRE. By P. Corder, and John L. Kirk. Printed for the Yorkshire Archaeological Society by the Oxford University Press, 1932. pp. 99, with 30 photographs and 28 figures. 15s 6dpost free.

A ROMAN VILLA AT LANGTON, NEAR MALTON, E. YORKSHIRE. <i>By</i> P. Corder, <i>and</i> John L. Kirk. <i>Printed for the Yorkshire Archaeological Society by the</i> Oxford University Press, 1932. pp. 99, <i>with</i> 30 <i>photographs and</i> 28 <i>figures</i>. 15<i>s</i> 6<i>d</i><i>post free</i>.

THE DEFENCES OF THE ROMAN FORT AT MALTON (Roman Malton and District, report no. 2). By Philip Corder, M.A., with contributions by H. Mattingly, M.A., and M. R. Hull, M.A. Leeds: Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1930. pp. 116, 49 figs. in line and half-tone.

THE DEFENCES OF THE ROMAN FORT AT MALTON (Roman Malton and District, report no. 2). By Philip Corder, M.A., with contributions by H. Mattingly, M.A., and M. R. Hull, M.A. Leeds: Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1930. pp. 116, 49 figs. in line and half-tone. - Volume 5 Issue 18

Roman Malton and District—Report No. 1: The Roman Pottery at Crambeck, Castle Howard. By Philip Corder, M.A.; 9½ × 6. Pp. 45. 1928. Report No. 2: The Defences of the Roman Fort at Malton. By Philip Corder, M.A., with contributions by H. Mattingly, M.A., and M. R. Hull, M.A.; 9½ × 6. Pp. 116. No date. Both published by the

Roman Malton and District—Report No. 1: The Roman Pottery at Crambeck, Castle Howard. By Philip Corder, M.A.; 9½ × 6. Pp. 45. 1928. Report No. 2: The Defences of the Roman Fort at Malton. By Philip Corder, M.A., with contributions by H. Mattingly, M.A., and M. R. Hull, M.A.; 9½ × 6. Pp. 116. No date. Both published by the

Archbishop Herring's Visitation Returns, 1743. Vol. ii. Edited by S. L. Ollard, M.A., and P. C. Walker, M.A. 9 × 5¾. Pp. iv + 223. Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, vol. lxxii. Printed for the Society, 1929.

Archbishop Herring's Visitation Returns, 1743. Vol. ii. Edited by S. L. Ollard, M.A., and P. C. Walker, M.A. 9 × 5¾. Pp. iv + 223. Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, vol. lxxii. Printed for the Society, 1929.

THE ROMAN POTTERY AT CRAMBECK, CASTLE HOWARD. By Philip Corder. Roman Malton and district. Report no. I. Published by the Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society. York: the Ebor Press. 5s.

THE ROMAN POTTERY AT CRAMBECK, CASTLE HOWARD. By Philip Corder. Roman Malton and district. Report no. I. Published by the Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society. York: the Ebor Press. 5s. - Volume 3 Issue 10

The Roman Pottery at Crambeck, Castle Howard. By Philip Corder. Pp. 45, with map and 21 plates. Published by the Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1928. 5s. net.

The Roman Pottery at Crambeck, Castle Howard. By Philip Corder. Pp. 45, with map and 21 plates. Published by the Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1928. 5s. net.

The Roman fort at Ilkley. By A. M. Woodward. M.A. Reprinted from the Journal of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1925. Pp. 326 + 39 plates.

The Roman fort at Ilkley. By A. M. Woodward. M.A. Reprinted from the Journal of the Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1925. Pp. 326 + 39 plates.

Feet of Fines for the County of York, from 1218 to 1231. Edited by Colonel John Parker, C.B., F.S. A. 9 × 6. Pp. xii + 216. Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, vol. lxii. 1921.

Feet of Fines for the County of York, from 1218 to 1231. Edited by Colonel John Parker, C.B., F.S. A. 9 × 6. Pp. xii + 216. Yorkshire Archaeological Society, Record Series, vol. lxii. 1921.

Research Items

SOME ROMAN ANTIQUITIES.—Two articles in the Journal of Roman Studies (Part 1, vol. 10 for 1920) refer to antiquities in England. In the first, Mr. A. M. Woodward describes a decorative bronze Silenus mask found at Ilkley during excavations conducted by the Yorkshire Archaeological Society. This was probably used as a jug-handle, and that a bronze vessel so elaborate should be found at the quarters of an auxiliary cohort is at first surprising. But the site seems to have been long occupied, and the inhabitants included a civilian settlement. The vicinity of York, a great military station, may have led to the introduction of articles of luxury. In the second paper Mr. C. D. Chambers remarks that, although the Romans valued pigeon manure, it is strange that so few dovecots of that period have been discovered. Though octagonal foundations like those of medieval dovecots have been found at Great Witcombe and Stroud, rectangular dovecots, though probably numerous, cannot be identified with certainty, except where the pigeon-holes actually exist, as at Caerwent. If excavators were to look for dovecots rather than shrines, it is not unlikely that further evidence would be forthcoming.