Reviews reviewer at least, the lasting value of Warner’s argument comes not in his siing of such minutiae, but rather in the larger model he proposes and forcefully articulates for the production and circulation of vernacular literary texts. He urges us to envision scribes adopting more flexible, less centralized methods of book production than have come to dominate much thinking of late—which he usefully terms the ‘fluidity of these clerks’ associations’ (p. ). In doing so, he persuasively calls for us to return to the central insight of Mooney’s essay (which Warner rightly labels ‘brilliant’ (p. )), which argued that scribes worked in ad hoc ways throughout all pockets of London: ‘[F]rom the s to the s a wide variety of scribes and clerks in and around London got hold of a disparate body of exemplars of those and other works and, in differing circumstances, produced the literature we today research, study, teach, and love’ (pp. –; see Linne R. Mooney, ‘Locating Scribal Activity in Late Medieval London’, in Design and Distribution of Late Medieval Manuscripts in England, ed. by Margaret Connolly and Linne R. Mooney (York: York Medieval Press, ), pp. –). e best example of this comes from Chapter , where Warner has undertaken stellar detective work, unearthing a plethora of items copied by the scribe of HM . is chapter yields a remarkably thorough profile of the range of copying work this scribe regularly undertook. e notion that the scribes who le us much Middle English literature were busy copying documents throughout London, and that they worked on literary manuscripts in a set of shiing arrangements, as time allowed, is what I imagine the lasting contribution of this most exciting and provocative book will be. P U M J Ariosto, the ‘Orlando Furioso’ and English Culture. Ed. by J E, A H, and S J. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy. . xv+ pp. £. ISBN ––––. is collection emanates from a conference sponsored by the British Academy in , the quincentenary of the first publication of Ariosto’s poem. It attempts to trace the influence of Orlando furioso across the centuries in Great Britain. e essays mostly concern ‘adaptation and audience’ and the ‘English aerlives’ of Ariosto’s poem (p. xvi), and are organized chronologically and topically. e first three chapters are devoted to the early circulation of visual images illustrating episodes of the poem, and are only intermittently concerned with the reception of Orlando furioso in England. An essay by Luca degl’Innocenti, however, does contain interesting material on the illustrations to Sir John Harington’s important translation, and is one of three extended treatments of Harington in the volume . Sections and are arranged chronologically, and are the strongest part of the book: three essays on Ariosto ‘from the Elizabethans to the Enlightenment’ and four on ‘Gothic and Romantic Ariosto’. e final section includes an excellent, wide-ranging essay by Stefano Jossa on ‘modern and postmodern’ appropriations of Ariosto (p. ), as well as a chapter comparing two twentieth-century English MLR, ., translations. Another useful, informative essay by Mario Dorigatti brings out the significance of Antonio Panizzi’s nineteenth-century edition, the first to combine Boiardo’s Orlando innamorato and its sequel, Ariosto’s poem. Two outstanding essays, well argued, precisely focused, and fully in control of their materials, are Tobias Gregory’s ‘Milton and Ariosto’ and Tim Carter’s discussion of ‘Ariosto on the th-Century Opera Stage’, with particular attention to Handel. Carter’s ‘Lessons in Madness’ shows in consistently interesting detail ‘how the Orlando Furioso was read over three centuries’ as well as illustrating some of the problems of turning a poem into ‘mimetic drama’ (pp. , ). Gregory’s essay is one of the few in the volume that treats its materials analytically, giving a sense of what Ariosto is like as a poet and showing how Milton both resembles and differs from Ariosto in passages indebted to the earlier author. Two other valuable essays, Andrew Hiscock on Ariosto ‘among the Elizabethans’ (p. ) and Susan Oliver on Walter Scott and Orlando furioso, are stimulating and informative, without fully realizing the potential of their materials. Hiscock provides ample evidence to demonstrate how...