Yoga Teachers Research Articles

Yoga instructors’ reported benefits and disadvantages associated with functioning online: A convenience sampling survey

BackgroundAmong numerous changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most yoga classes have repositioned online. However benefits, difficulties and satisfaction of teaching yoga online remain to be studied. With this background the present survey aimed to determine: (i) benefits, disadvantages and satisfaction of teaching yoga online and (ii) their association with characteristics related to (a) socio-demographic, (b) online yoga teaching experience and (c) yoga practice. MethodsThree hundred and five yoga instructors were invited to take part in the online survey. Of these, 181 (m:f = 98:83) responded to the survey satisfactorily and were included. ResultsThe three most common benefits of teaching yoga online were: (i) a sense of safety from risk of COVID-19 (93.92%), (ii) cost saving (82.87%) and (iii) wider access to trainees within India (77.90%). The three most common disadvantages were: (i) technical difficulties (74.03%), (ii) missing in-person contact (63.90%) and (iii) concern that online instructions can lead to injury (59.16%). Around 66.30% respondents were satisfied with the monitoring of trainees during online yoga classes while 70.16% respondents were satisfied with the level of attention they could pay to the topic they were teaching during online yoga class. The benefits and disadvantages of teaching yoga online varied with the characteristics of yoga instructors (p < 0.05, χ2 test). ConclusionsThe benefits and disadvantages of teaching yoga online are of relevance during and beyond the pandemic. Characteristics related to (i) socio-demographics, (ii) online yoga teaching and (iii) yoga practice influence reported benefits and disadvantages of teaching yoga online.

Yoga as Ethics of Self-Transformation in the Sivagama Text

This paper attempts to reveal yoga as an ethics of self-transformation in the ?iv?gama text of Ida Pêdanda Madé Sidêmên (1858–1984). As yoga pervades Balinese textual tradition, adaptation and development of teachings in the Indonesian archipelago show the creativity of the indigenous people. The ?iv?gama was analyzed via textual studies with data categorized to foreground concepts of yoga. The s?rgah (canto) 15, in particular, introduces various forms of yoga and sam?dhi for purifying body and mind. Each section describes how to perform a specific yoga, the attributes of the associated deity, and the benefit that can be reaped by the practice. One finding is that the cosmic function from a yogic perspective in the ?iv?gama text differs from the views of Upani?adic texts. The summaries from this study hope to contribute to efforts to understand the teachings of yoga that are available in Sanskrit-Old Javanese literature.

Greater Sun Salutation Frequency and Standing Time Predict Increased Rate of Perceived Exertion across Multiple Yoga Styles: A Cross-sectional Yoga Instructor Survey

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To investigate the relationship between yoga elements and characteristics across multiple yoga styles, including mixed yoga styles, and exertion levels estimated by yoga instructors (YIs) using the 10-point OMNI perceived exertion scale (RPE). <h3>Design</h3> We used a cross-sectional design. <h3>Setting</h3> YIs completed this web-based questionnaire on personal computers. <h3>Participants</h3> 375 YIs from the Northeastern US completed this study. <h3>Interventions</h3> Participants completed a customized, 57-item web-based survey that included questions regarding client exertion levels, yoga styles, practice elements, and other characteristics when teaching yoga. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> The independent variable was the average exertion level that YIs felt their participants experienced in a typical yoga class using a RPE scale. In our analyses this variable was collapsed into three categories: low intensity (1- 4), moderate intensity (5-7), and high intensity (8-9). <h3>Results</h3> Our response rate was 46%. YIs identified greater than eight different styles of yoga that they used in classes with 87% of them using more than one style of yoga/class. Elements of yoga were directly related to exertion level estimated by YIs: time spent in standing/class (rspearman = 0.36, p < 0.001), the frequency of sun salutations performed/class (rspearman = 0.27, p < 0.001) and time performing vinyasa/class (rspearman = 0.22, p = 0.001). We found that estimated RPE reported by YIs was inversely related (rspearman = -0.16, p = 0.004) to the non-performance of sun salutation. An ordinal logistic regression model that included the above variables revealed statistical significance: Χ-squared (4) = 29.411, p = 0.001. Only time spent in standing (p = 0.007) and frequency of performing sun salutation (p = 0.006) during a yoga class were significant predictors of estimated RPE. <h3>Conclusions</h3> If improved cardiorespiratory fitness is the client's goal and yoga is their exercise preference, our findings suggest that health care providers and clients should seek yoga classes, regardless of yoga style, where YIs spend greater time standing and perform a higher frequency of sun salutation sequences. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> There are no known conflicts of interest to declare by the authors.

Returning to Yoga Practice and Teaching After Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Patients who practice yoga are motivated to return to practice after total hip arthroplasty (THA). With case reports of dislocations during yoga, the safety of such a return is unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine the timing and feasibility of a return in a subset of highly experienced and motivated patients. Between 2010 and 2019, a total of 19 THA’s performed in 14 patients who self-identified as yoga instructors were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who practiced yoga but were not teachers were excluded from this series. The primary outcome measures were the ability to return to yoga, to resume teaching, and fluency with 14 classic poses. Secondary outcomes measured were patient-reported Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS, Jr.), complications, and radiographic position of the implants. After surgery, all patients returned to practicing and teaching yoga, and the mean time to each was 2 months. All patients were able to perform all 14 classic poses. At a mean follow-up of 5 years (SD ± 4), there were no complications, and the mean HOOS, JR score was 92 points (SD ± 15). This study demonstrates that a return to yoga in an experienced population is not only possible but also safe after a direct anterior THA. Limitations in performing the poses should be understood, and appropriate modifications should be incorporated when needed.

Training Benefits and Injury Risks of Standing Yoga Applied in Musculoskeletal Problems: Lower Limb Biomechanical Analysis.

Standing yoga poses strengthen a person’s legs and helps to achieve the goal of musculoskeletal rehabilitation, but inadequate exercise planning can cause injuries. This study investigated changes in the electromyogram and joint moments of force (JMOFs) of lower extremities during common standing yoga poses in order to explore the feasibility and possible injury risk in dealing with musculoskeletal problems. Eleven yoga instructors were recruited to execute five yoga poses (Chair, Tree, Warrior 1, 2, and 3). The results revealed significant differences in hip, knee, and ankle JMOFs and varying degrees of muscle activation among the poses. Among these poses, rectus femoris muscle activation during the Chair pose was the highest, Warrior 2 produced the highest muscle activation in the vastus lateralis of the front limb, while Warrior 1 had the highest muscle activation in the vastus medialis of the back limb. Therefore, all three poses can possibly be suggested as a therapeutic intervention for quadriceps strengthening. Warrior 1 was possibly suggested as a therapeutic intervention in order to reduce excessive lateral overload of the patella, but the possible adverse effects of Warrior 2 with the highest knee adductor JMOF in the back limb could raise joint reaction forces across the medial condyles. In single-leg balance postures, Warrior 3 had unique training effects on the hamstring, and is therefore suggested as a part of hamstring rehabilitation exercises. The Tree pose induced low lower-extremity JMOFs and a low level of thigh muscle activations when it was performed by senior instructors with excellent balance control; however, for yoga beginners with insufficient stability, it will be a useful training mode for strengthening the muscles that help to keep one upright. This study quantified the physical demands of yoga poses using biomechanical data and elucidated the structures and principles underlying each yoga movement. This is crucial for yoga practitioners.

Examining Women’s Entrepreneurial Careers as Yoga Teachers

In this qualitative, interview-based study, we explore 49 North American women’s entrepreneurial career experiences in their efforts to teach yoga, a ‘slow fitness’ activity. We draw on contemporary theories of sport entrepreneurship and lifestyle entrepreneurship to illustrate the critical role that context plays in facilitating and limiting their career experiences. We illustrate how lifestyle entrepreneurial careers are a contextualized, relational, and embodied process using three distinct, yet interconnected processual dimensions: self-discovery, quest for legitimacy, and balancing tensions. We relate these results to a broader discussion about the challenges of using entrepreneurial careers to make a difference in one’s life, and in the world more broadly, while surfacing some of the discursive gendered politics that shape the economic realities of their self-employment.

Implementasi Ajaran Yoga Kapamangkuan Di Pasraman Mulat Sarira Desa Adat Duda Desa Duda Timur Kecamatan Selat Kabupaten Karangasem

Kapamankuan yoga teachings are part of the implementation of tantric yoga teachings for Pamangku, namely an implementation of yoga teachings that are closely related to sādhāna. My uncle does not only need to be physically fit or physically fit but also mentally and spiritually healthy. Pamangku in his duties nganteb upakara there are steps that are carried out both physically and mentally. Parts of body posture such as the masila den apened sitting position, ngunda bayu or prānāyāma techniques, hand movements (mudras) and mantras or seha are part of the yoga attitude, namely the Kapamangkuan yoga teachings. The Mulat Sarira Pasraman, which is located in the Duda Traditional Village, is a place for deepening the teachings of Hinduism, one of which is the study of Kapamankuan teachings. Departing from this, it is necessary to conduct research, namely: Implementation of Kapamankuan Yoga Teachings, at the Mulat Sarira Pasraman, Duda Traditional Village, East Duda Village, Selat District, Karangasem Regency. Based on this, the problem formulated as follows: The teachings of Kapamangkuan Yoga, what is taught at the Mulat Sarira Pasraman? This study uses a qualitative method with the aim of analyzing the implementation of Kapamankuan yoga teachings at the Mulat Sarira Pasraman. The data from this study were obtained through observation, interviews and document studies. The collected data was verified and then analyzed by Structural Functional theory. The results of the research are the Kapamangkuan Yoga Teachings taught in the activities at the Mulat Sarira Pasraman, namely the Kapamangkuan sesana, the postures of the sitting asana masila pened, the ngunda bayu or prānāyāma breathing arrangements, and the hand gestures or mudras and mantras. As for the findings of this study is the connection between the physical and social body with mental and spiritual awareness. The existence of a social conception of "Kalingsiran" and Pamangku is referred to as a functional position "Jero Mangku," which has dimensions of kapamankuan status. The award given by the community to the title "Jero Mangku" is a specific profession as a liaison that bridges public awareness / Hindus with the abstract realm

Profile of Claude Desplan

“I have been in science for four decades and my enthusiasm is still as fresh as on the first day,” says Claude Desplan, the New York University (NYU) biology and neural science Silver professor, who in 2018 was elected as a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Focusing on Drosophila , among other model organisms, Desplan and his team have made significant contributions to the fields of molecular biology, genetics, developmental neurobiology, and electrophysiology. They have provided insights on body axis formation, the generation of neural diversity, the molecular mechanisms involved in retinal and optic lobe development, and the neural circuits underlying motion detection. Using evolutionary developmental biology, or “evo-devo,” approaches, they have elucidated how sensory systems in various organisms adapt to different ecological conditions. Desplan’s Inaugural Article (1) reviews his laboratory’s work on Drosophila over the past decade and describes neural development principles predicted to apply to most organisms, including mammals. Claude Desplan. Image credit: Danielle Desplan (photographer). Born in Algeria in 1953, Desplan was raised with an appreciation of multiple cultures. His mother's family settled in Algeria in the 19th century. Desplan says his mother, age 91, is one of the world’s oldest yoga instructors. Desplan’s father worked in law, as did many of his relatives, yet Desplan forged his own career path. He says, “I wanted to be a surgeon, but there was no good rationale for it.” When Desplan was 9 years old his family moved to France. There, he drew inspiration from his ninth-grade science teacher, whom he knew as Ms. Joschau. Desplan says, “Even though she was teaching geology at the time, I became interested in the natural sciences and decided to pursue a career in research.” At age 15 he met another woman who influenced his life. “I met Danielle,” says Desplan, …

Study on the Value of Yoga in the View of College Students' Health

Fitness Yoga is the product of traditional yoga and modern fitness, which has unique aesthetic characteristics of sports: stretching flexibility, balance of strength, fluency and artistic conception. The value of yoga teaching in Colleges and universities is mainly reflected in its fitness, mental health, concentration, stress relief, perseverance, self-confidence and team spirit. It has positive significance for improving the quality and spiritual level of college students. Based on the experience of yoga teaching for many years, this paper has read the Yoga monographs and literature at home and abroad, expounds the history of yoga, discusses the fitness value, heart value and social value of yoga, analyzes the problems existing in yoga practice and puts forward corresponding countermeasures, in order to improve the understanding of yoga and promote the development of Yoga health, Improve the physical, psychological and social health of college students.

Study on Yoga Practices and Biochemical, Physical and Physiological Alterations

Background: During the COVID pandemic period, our home-restricted life led to many undesirable physical, physiological, and mental alterations. Yoga a traditional system of medicines by virtue of its holistic approach toward health and disease and also due to reasonable cost, the technique has an edge in dealing with health problems and with primary prevention of disease. Aim: The current study has been designed to assess the effect of short-term (for 3 months for 5 days in a week or 40 days) yoga practice on lipid profile, and blood glucose level, C-reactive protein (CRP), and other physical and physiological parameters among healthy controls. Materials and Methods: Students went for yoga practice for 3 months (90 days) for 5 days in a week under the supervision of trained yoga instructor. Yoga activity was conducted via Google Meet app through broadband connectivity. The procedure began with Surya Namaskar (Sun Saluation) with a session of 12 asanas (fixed postures) for 20 min, followed by 15 min Pranayam (breathing exercise including anulome-vilome, surya bandana, sheetali, and bhramari). The session ended with 10 min meditation. Yoga program was started on September 27, 2020, and ended on December 27, 2020, after the completion of 3 months. Biochemical investigation (lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, CRP) and physiological parameters (blood pressure [BP], pulse), and other anthropometric parameters including weight, height body mass index reports were collected before September 27 and after December 27 in 5 days after the completion of 3 months tenure. Results: Results of the study clearly indicate fasting sugar, systolic BP, and low-density lipoprotein were significantly decreased (with value &lt;0.02, 0.007, and 0.001, respectively) in the postyoga phase as compared to preyoga baseline investigation. Conclusion: The The present study substantiates some good results of the yoga training. Although all the tested parameters could not show desired changes and they were statistically insignificant.

Imagery underlying metaphors: A cognitive study of a multimodal discourse of yoga classes

ABSTRACT The article presents an analysis of metaphorical names for yoga postures (called asanas) as well as other verbal and verbo-gestural means of communication used by yoga teachers to describe these complex bodily postures. The difficulty of describing the intricacies of subjective bodily experience has been noted in the previous studies which, for example, deal with the metaphorical language, who analyze the metaphorical language and metaphorical gestures used by dance teachers to convey information about the subjective experience of bodily balance while dancing tango and ballet. A common feature of all the metaphors discussed in the present paper is mental imagery, which is mapped from source to target. The study shows firstly that metaphor is an important didactic tool used by yoga teachers to instruct practitioners about complicated postures; secondly, that the images permeating verbal and verbo-gestural metaphors used for didactic purposes during a yoga class are a mixture of static, dynamic and image-schematic elements. It is assumed that these are mainly image schemas underlying source and target domains of metaphors used in yoga discourse that allow for the conveyance of information on the intricacies and logic of asanas.

“One’s Own Body of Pure Channels and Elements”: The Teaching and Practice of Tibetan Yoga at Namdroling

The Tibetan yoga practice known as “winds, channels, and inner heat” (rtsa rlung gtum mo) is physically challenging, and yet is intentionally designed to transform the mind. This chapter explores the relationship between Buddhist doctrine and this physical practice aimed at enlightenment through the teachings of a contemporary yoga master at Namdroling Tibetan Buddhist Monastery and Nunnery in Bylakuppe, Karnataka, South India. This ethnographic profile exemplifies the role of a modern Tibetan lama who teaches a postural yoga practice and interprets the text and techniques for practitioners. While many modern postural yoga systems are divorced from religious doctrine, Tibetan Buddhist yoga is not. This essay highlights three key areas of Buddhist doctrine support the practice of Sky Dharma (gNam chos) yoga at Namdroling: (1) The history and legacy that accompany the practice, which identify the deity of Tibetan yoga as a wrathful form of Avalokiteśvara, the Buddha of compassion; (2) The role of deity yoga in the practice of Tibetan yoga, where the practitioner arises as the deity during yoga practice, an all-consuming inner contemplation; and (3) The framing of Tibetan yoga within the wider philosophy of karma theory and its relationship to Buddhist cosmology. Practitioners of Tibetan yoga endeavor to burn up karmic seeds that fuel the cycle of rebirth in the six realms of saṃsāra. In Tibetan yoga, the body acts in service of the text, the philosophy, and the mind to increasingly link the logic of texts to experience in meaningful ways.

Improving Diabetes Outcomes with a Multimodal Intervention for Less Advantaged Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

If proper self-management behaviors are not maintained, diabetes may lead to reduced quality of life (QoL), decreased engagement in everyday activities, disabling health complications, and even death. Less advantaged adults with limited income, lower education, and fewer resources find diabetes self-management (DSM) particularly challenging due to healthcare and social inequalities. DSM education is important to understanding diabetes-related behaviors and improving QoL. There are few evidence informed DSM education programs directed specifically at less advantaged adults. The purpose of this study was to develop and test feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a novel virtual intervention that merged prior evidence-informed yoga, occupational therapy, and nutrition education (MY-OT-ED) practices. Five participants were recruited throughout communities near the research university for a nine-week DSM education program that was held twice a week. DSM-related health and QoL measures were tested at baseline, immediately after MY-OT-ED, and six to eight weeks following the intervention. Primary outcomes studied included QoL, DSM, diabetes distress, and diabetes self-efficacy. Percent change was calculated to assess if any significant DSM-related changes occurred. Positive changes were found in all outcomes following the nine-week intervention and were maintained at follow-up. While limitations of the study were noted, results provide preliminary evidence that MY-OT-ED was feasible, acceptable, and has the potential to improve diabetic outcomes for less advantaged adults.

A Study on the Attitude of the Hindu and Christian Secondary School Teachers of Malda and Murshidabad Districts, West Bengal, India towards Yoga Education in Schools in Relation to their Mental Health

This is a study on the attitude of the secondary school teachers towards yoga education in schools in relation to their religious belief and mental health. Stratified purposeful sampling method was used. A significant difference in attitude towards yoga education was observed at 0.01 level between Hindu and Christian secondary school teachers of Malda and Murshidabad districts, West Bengal, India. The Hindu teachers possessing better mental health show better attitude towards yoga education in comparison to their Christian counterpart. The male teachers of government schools from Hindu vs. Christian religious faith show significant difference in attitude towards yoga education than their female counterpart. No significant difference in attitude towards yoga education in schools was observed between the male and female private school teachers of Malda district. However, the reverse is true for Murshidabad district.

요가지도자의 직무착근도와 직무열의, 조직시민행동의 영향관계 분석

요가지도자의 직무착근도와 직무열의, 조직시민행동의 영향관계 분석

Breaking the Cycle of Overwork and Recuperation: Altering Somatic Engagement Across Boundaries

Past research often relegates the management of the ideal worker’s overworking body to the nonwork environment. Reflecting a segmentation approach to managing the boundary between work and nonwork, the nonwork setting is treated as a context for recuperation. Yet, segmentation may, ironically, support the ideal worker image and reinforce the persistence of overwork. Drawing on two-year-long ethnographic studies of yoga teacher training, this paper considers how individuals shift how they manage the boundaries around their bodies. In doing so, we challenge the notion that segmentation of nonwork from work is an ideal boundary management strategy for addressing the negative impacts of overwork. Rather, we suggest that an integration strategy developed in a nonwork community may be productive for breaking the cycle of overwork and recuperation promoted by the ideal worker image and creating a virtuous cycle of activation and release. We bring forward the bodily basis to overwork and conceptualize somatic engagement as a form of engagement through which actors come to connect reflexively with their bodily experience across domains. Relatedly, in revealing how individuals come to connect reflexively with their bodily experience, we elaborate our understanding of the relational phenomena that enhance individuals’ somatic experiences across boundaries.

Yoga for older adults with multimorbidity (the Gentle Years Yoga Trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

BackgroundMultimorbidity is common in older adults and associated with high levels of illness burden and healthcare expenditure. The evidence base for how to manage older adults with multimorbidity is weak. Yoga might be a useful intervention because it has the potential to improve health-related quality of life, physical functioning, and several medical conditions. The British Wheel of Yoga’s Gentle Years Yoga© (GYY) programme was developed specifically for older adults, including those with chronic medical conditions. Data from a pilot trial suggested feasibility of using GYY in this population, but its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness remain uncertain.MethodsThis is a multi-site, individually randomised, superiority trial with an embedded process evaluation and an economic analysis of cost-effectiveness. The trial will compare an experimental strategy of offering a 12-week GYY programme against a control strategy of no offer in community-dwelling adults aged 65 or over who have multimorbidity, defined as having two or more chronic conditions from a predefined list. The primary outcome is health-related quality of life measured using the EQ-5D-5L, the primary endpoint being the overall difference over 12 months. Both groups will continue to be able to access their usual care from primary, secondary, community, and social services. Participants, care providers, and yoga teachers will not be blinded to the allocated intervention. Outcome measures are primarily self-reported. The analysis will follow intention-to-treat principles.DiscussionThis pragmatic randomised controlled trial will demonstrate if the GYY programme is an effective, cost-effective, and viable addition to the management of older adults with multimorbidity.Trial registrationISRCTN ISRCTN13567538. Registered on 18 March 2019

Kajian Filosofi dan Aktualisasi Ajaran Bhakti Yoga

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The teaching of bhakti yoga is a teaching that examines how or how to connect and unite with God. Bhakti yoga emphasizes the path of developing deep compassion, reverence, service and devotion towards God in all His manifestations. The teaching of bhakti yoga is expressed in several ways, including: carrying out prayers / worship, having a heart full of gratitude, respecting anyone, and carrying out social activities.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Yoga Sebagai Sarana Menuju Tuhan Yang Advaita

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Yoga is becoming an increasingly global activity. This worldwide yoga is only for hatha yoga, not accompanied by the well-known advanced stages of hatha yoga, namely Raja yoga. The actually, Yoga teach to connect ātman and paramātman . This goal can be achieved if humans undergo the stages of yoga as a whole so that the atman who is affected by virtual nature can be purified again.Maha Rsi Pātañjali was the first people to give an explanation of the yoga system in the Yoga Sutras and there are eight stages which are called astangga yoga. Furthermore, yoga teachings are also contained in tattwa texts, including: Lontar Text of Tattwa Jñāna (prayogasaṅdhi);The lontar text of Wrhaspati Tattwa (ṣaḍanga yoga); Lontar text of Jñānasiddhânta (ṣaḍ-aṅga-yoga). Tattwa texts contain teachings about yoga because in the tattwa teachings there are the concepts of cetana and acetana. Putting off acetana leads to cetana with yoga as the path. The teachings of yoga whose aim is to connect and purify the ātman to paramātman are related to the advaita or monistic concept of divinity, because the paramātman that the ātman will aim at in yoga is of course the monistic paramātman which believes that everything is God and all the differences that exist are mere delusion.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Raja Yoga Sebagai Jalan Mencapai Pemahaman Akan Hakikat Brahman (Studi Kasus Pustaka Suci Bhagavad Gītā)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Catur Yoga are four ways that humans can take to unite themselves with Brahman. The four paths include Karma Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Raja Yoga, and Jnana Yoga. Of the four paths, this study will discuss Raja Yoga, which is the most difficult way or way for humans to do if it is done without the assistance of a spiritual teacher. Raja Yoga teachings emphasize the process of the self to be able to control all activities of the movement of the mind for the realization of a clear and good mind and always focus on Brahman. The state of the self that is able to control the movement of one's mind in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali is called Citta Vrtti Nirodha. Citta Vrtti Nirodha will lead human life to Moksartham Jagadhita Ya Ca Iti Dharma. The teachings of Raja Yoga will be studied in depth and comprehensively using the literature study of the sacred literature of Bhagavad Gītā as the main source.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;