Yingkou Port Research Articles

Evaluation of the competitiveness of the container multimodal port hub

The research on the competitiveness of container multimodal transport port hub, comprehensively considering the software and hardware strength of port hub, is of great significance to analyze the specific source competitiveness of port hub, the optimal allocation of multimodal transport capacity resources and port operation management planning. Based on this, according to the principle of fuzzy set and membership function in fuzzy theory, this paper adopts the modeling method of multi-attribute decision-making to deeply analyze the key influencing factors of port hub competitiveness, extract the core indicators from the four aspects of business capacity, transport capacity resources, infrastructure and service quality, and then construct the fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making evaluation model of port hub competitiveness, and take the container transportation in Northeast China as an example. The research shows that the key influencing factors of multimodal transport port hub competitiveness have changed from traditional infrastructure factors to flexible influencing factors such as transportation service quality, transportation capacity and resource integration ability, transportation business efficiency, and port enterprises are in the critical period of industry transformation and upgrading. Strengthening inter industry integration, building industrial ecological alliance and building a multi-mode transportation integrated service chain with port as the core play an obvious role in promoting the formation of the core competitiveness of port hub. Among the ports along the coast of Liaoning, Yingkou Port has the strongest competitiveness against the supply of corn containers in Northeast China, and the competitiveness of other ports from strong to weak is Jinzhou port, Beiliang port, Panjin Port, Huludao port, Dandong port, Dalian port and Suizhong port. The research results enrich the theoretical system of multimodal transport port hub competitiveness research, and provide reference suggestions for port enterprises, transportation enterprises, government departments and other relevant subjects in strategy formulation, policy implementation, layout planning and so on.

Characteristics of PM2.5 and PM10 pollution in the urban agglomeration of Central Liaoning

Based on the concentration data, the pollution sources emission inventory of January 2019 to March 2020, and the source analysis data of 2018 in urban agglomeration of central Liaoning, HYSPLIT model, CWT (Concentration Weighted Trajectory) and SCWT (Source Concentration Weighted Trajectory) method were used to analyze the characteristics of particulate pollution. The results showed that seasonal concentration followed winter > spring > autumn > summer, and the primary pollution was the main source. Pollution in spring and winter were both mainly affected by Russia. In summer, there were few polluted air masses. In autumn, local emission was the main source of pollution. CWT showed that contribution of local emission was higher, with sporadic contributions from Russia, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area. SCWT showed that road mobile sources and dust sources were concentrated in the Shenhai Expressway, the densely populated and the main developed areas of Shenyang, Anshan and Tieling. Areas with high contribution of non-road mobile sources were located in Liaoyang, Anshan, and Yingkou port area. Industrial processing sources were concentrated in Anshan, Liaoyang, and Benxi. Fixed combustion sources were distributed in the main urbanized areas.

Study on the virtual reality evolution of modern settlements along Liaohe River

At the end of Qing Dynasty, with the opening of Yingkou port, the economic exchanges between Northeast China and foreign countries were exported. The transportation of goods was more convenient by water than by land. Liaohe river has become an important road of trade transportation, At the same time, it has also become an important way to culture introduction. Therefore, there are nearly three times more ports along the Liaohe river than before. With each port as the core, gathering the resources of the region becomes the core of transportation. The agglomeration of transportation promotes the emergence of corresponding service facilities and the rapid development of economy. Among them, Tianzhuangtai, located in the southern edge of Panjin City, bordering Liaohe river in the East and Bohai Sea in the west, is a typical representative of these traditional settlements. It has entered a period of rapid development from a military important town to a trade center since ancient times. The following changes in the settlement space have also shown a trend of development against the tradition, and the evolution of a series of patterns is also the materialization of the special political, economic and cultural influence of the Northeast in modern times.

Spatial distribution, control factors and sources of heavy metal in the surface sediments of Fudu Estuary waters, East Liaodong Bay, China

To investigate the sediment quality of Fudu Estuary waters in East Liaodong Bay, the grain size, concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) and heavy metal (Cr, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb) of 25 surface sediments were tested. The concentration of heavy metals was found to be higher in the Southwest of Yingkou Port and outside the Fudu Estuary. Cd is the principal contaminant with mild pollutant and moderate ecological risk. Cr may cause negative biological effects. The abnormal enrichment of Cu and TOC may respectively be caused by riverside industrial activities and mariculture. The abnormal enrichment of Pb in Moon Bay Beach and the Lagoon was suggested to be caused by the mooring of boats or excessive tourist activities. Grain size dominates the concentrations of heavy metals in the study area. The impact of coastal engineering on sediment quality through changing sedimentary dynamics should also be given particular attention.

Carbon Mitigation Strategies of Port Selection and Multimodal Transport Operations—A Case Study of Northeast China

In the last few decades, the progression of climate change has made people aware of the need to reduce CO2 emissions. In this study, the effect of this awareness on container transport in Northeast China is used as an empirical case study. Firstly, we propose that the freight demand index, calculated by the entropy weight TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) method, reflects the degree of container demand in destination cities. Then, we describe five scenarios against the background of China’s container development plan and use them to evaluate the cost and carbon emissions of container rerouting. The overall objective of the study is to assess the effects of changes in port selection on the formation of new routes and multimodal transport. The results show that carbon taxes do not significantly affect multimodal transport networks, and the impact of loading and unloading costs on the total cost is far greater than that of corresponding carbon emissions. Despite the railway transportation capacity of Dalian Port, the results show that Yingkou Port and Dandong Port will expand by 227.8% and 191.4% over 2017, respectively. Therefore, Liaoning Port Group needs to reposition its different ports.

Modelling port competition for intermodal network design with environmental concerns

In the fast-moving and competitive market conditions, port operators need to improve their competitiveness to attract more customers. With the rise of stakeholders' (e.g., shippers and port operators) environmental concerns, intermodal transport offers an opportunity to reduce environmental impacts and improves port competitiveness, due to the benefit on environmental protection. However, it is a challenge to understand how port operators make their plans for intermodal network design with consideration for port competition, shippers' route choice behaviors and environmental concerns of stakeholders. In this paper, we develop a game-theoretical model of port competition with environmental concerns. A logit model is used to formulate shippers' discrete choice behaviors. With respect to the probability of nonexistence of pure Nash equilibrium, we propose an approximate equilibrium and a corresponding solution algorithm. A case study on the competition between Dalian port and Yingkou port in the northeast of China is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm. Results show that, in competitive settings, the rise of stakeholders' environmental concerns will make the market less competitive and always be beneficial to the port closer to the market (here Yingkou port). Moreover, when shippers pay more attention to the environment, the total CO2e emissions will decrease. As the number of dry ports increases, the CO2e emissions will decrease. There are also some interesting findings of effects of environmental concerns on the intermodal network, profits, and CO2e emissions.

A game-theoretical model of port competition on intermodal network and pricing strategy

This paper develops a game-theoretical model of port competition for the intermodal network design and pricing strategy problem. In the model, port operators determine the dry port locations and pricing strategy to maximize profit considering the shipper’s route choice behavior. According to the characteristics of the Nash equilibrium solution for reduced strategy sets, a Nash equilibrium solution algorithm is adapted. We describe a case study involving the competition between Dalian port and Yingkou port in China. We find an obvious link between dry port location and geography. The modal split is related to the number and locations of dry ports.

An Optimization Approach to the Intermodal Transportation Network in Fruit Cold Chain, Considering Cost, Quality Degradation and Carbon Dioxide Footprint

Abstract This model optimizes port hinterland intermodal refrigerated container flows, considering both cost and quality degradation, which is distinctive from the previous literature content in a way that it quantifies the influence of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in different setting temperature on intermodal network planning. The primary contribution of this paper is that the model is beneficial not only to shippers and customers for the novel service design, but also offer, for policy-makers of the government, insights to develop inland transport infrastructures in consideration of intermodal transportation. The majority of models of multimodal system have been established with an objective of cost minimization for normal commodities. As the food quality is possible to be influenced by varying duration time required for the storage and transportation, and transportation accompanied with refrigeration producing more CO2 emission, this paper aims to address cost minimization and quality degradation minimization within the constraint of CO2 footprint. To achieve this aim, we put the quality degradation model in a mixed-integer linear programming model used for intermodal network planning for cold chain. The example of Dalian Port and Yingkou Port offer insight into trade-offs between transportation temperature and transport mode considering CO2 footprint. Furthermore, the model can offer a useful reference for other regions with the demand for different imported food, which requires an uninterrupted cold chain during the transportation and storage.

Building Yingkou Port into a Main Port in China

Building Yingkou Port into a Main Port in China

Research of Calculation Method for Final Soft Clay Ground Settlement by Preloading Method

Preloading method is a common way to dispose large-scale soft soil foundation, and its methods of calculating the settlement amount mainly include exponential curve method, hyperbolic method, and Asaoka method. This paper chose exponential curve method and hyperbolic method to conduct ultimate settlement calculation on some reclamation project of Yingkou Port against measured data of settlement in the project, and compared the result to that calculated by splitting summation method. The accuracy was also verified by measured data of settlement amount in later phase to reach the conclusion that hyperbolic method is more suitable for calculating the ultimate settlement amount considering the soft soil foundation of marine facies in Liaoning.

Peripheral challenge by Small and Medium Sized Ports (SMPs) in Multi-Port Gateway Regions: the case study of northeast of China

Abstract This paper focuses on the role of small and medium-sized ports (SMPs) in enhancing the competitiveness and logistics performance of multi-port gateway regions and associated inland logistics systems. The concepts developed will be applied to the ports in the northeast of China, a multi-port gateway region around the Bohai Sea Economic Rim (BER). Port competition is analyzed by multi-variable methodology and generalized common characteristics of SMPs compared to gateway ports, and the similarities of SMPs and SMEs are also compared. Later in this paper, we analyze the role of a SMP in such region in different variables: (a) cargo volume and market share; (b) international connectivity; (c) relative cluster position; (d) port city and hinterland connection; and (e) logistics and distribution function. The five-dimension analysis combined with in-depth cases study of typical Yingkou port describes a profile of SMPs in the BER and provides future study possibility for more SMPs cases worldwide.

A Study on Liaoning Ports Competition and Cooperation

Relationship of competition and cooperation among ports is a hot point in studying ports relationship. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the competition and cooperation relationship among Liaoning ports. This paper applies the Vector Auto-Regression Model for analyzing the relationship. According to the modeling, it is found that Dalian Port competes with Yingkou Port and Jinzhou Port, while cooperates with Dandong Ports. From the Granger Causality test, it shows that Dalian Port causes the other three ports.

IACEED2010 Research on Environmental Issues during Port-economy Development in Yingkou of Liaoning

Abstract Liaoning province developing strategy of “Five Area in a Line” and “Central Cities Group” have established the Yingkou important strategic position and promoted rapid development of Yingkou port- economy. On the basis of explaining current situation of port-economy development in Yingkou district, this article analyzes environmental pollution problems caused by port industry and brings out effective measures valuing economy and environment and appropriating port-economy development in Yingkou in order to achieve harmonious development of port-economy and environmental protection.

Building Yingkou port into a main port in China

Abstract: Harbor plays a pivotal role in the economic development of a country or an area.After the World War II, the recovery of Japan’s economy, the emergence of “the Four Asian Tigers” and rise of China’s coastal districts, including the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta fully demonstrated harbor’s strategic role in economic development. As the nearest port to ocean in northeastern area, port of Yingkou values a lot to the development of city groups in the central part of Liaoning province and economic districts in Shenyang province, as well, to the rejuvenation of old industrial bases in northeastern area. At present,port of Yingkou has achieved leapfrog development, becoming a big port of hub accommodating hundreds million tons of goods. And it also transforming its developing model----from a port of hub to a powerful international port which is modern service oriented. So, from new starting point, it is very timely and necessary to have a scientific and new outlook on and to carry out new research on its transformation  and  development of Yingkou port. This paper, by analyzing the back-land of Yingkou port, investigating its collecting and distributing system, as well as studying its informatization of the management of port and supports from government and politics, tries to make Yingkou port an important port of China