Yin-Yang Research Articles

Exploring the prescription laws of bone flaccidity in ancient chinese medical texts based on association rules and latent structure model

Objective: To analyze the identification and typing of bone flaccidity and the law of medication in ancient books based on the Encyclopaedia of TCM (Traditional Chinese medicine) using the hidden structure model. Methods: The formulations for bone flaccidity were searched in the Chinese Medical Code (software), based on which an Excel sheet was created to conduct frequency analysis and construct a matrix of high-frequency medications. The high-frequency medications for bone flaccidity were then analyzed using the Latent 5.0 software and a latent structure model. With SPSS Modeler and Latent 5.0 as the main analysis methods, Chinese medications with a frequency >1.00% were investigated using the latent structure model and association rules, and the medication rules in treating bone flaccidity with TCM were dissected based on the data of frequency. Results: A total of 223 TCM prescriptions were included, with 270 extracted TCM and a total medication frequency of 2340 times. Among them, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, Poria, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Eucommiae Cortex, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma. They were the high-frequency medicines for treating bone flaccidity, and the efficacy of tonifying medicinal, heat-clearing medicinal, and blood activating and stasis-resolving medicinal were the high-frequency medicinal categories. Through the analysis of the evidence by formula, it was concluded that spleen-kidney yang deficiency, kidney deficiency and blood stasis, kidney yang deficiency, qi deficiency/qi stagnation and blood stasis, and liver and kidney yin deficiency were the 6 main types of bone flaccidity, which was generally in line with the etiology of bone flaccidity, which was caused by kidney yang deficiency and accompanied by malfunction of the liver and kidneys. In ancient books, the regulation of the kidney is put into an important position. In this study, 19 correlative principles for the treatment of bone flaccidity were derived, whose main combinations are Paeoniae Radix Alba - Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Eucommiae Cortex + Poria-Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Spongiosae Rhizoma + Cuscutae Semen-Eucommiae Cortex. Conclusion: The medication law of bone flaccidity in the Encyclopaedia of TCM mainly shows that it attaches importance to the regulation of tonifying the liver and kidney to strengthen the tendons and bones and emphasizes that the regulation of the three Zang–fu organs, namely the kidney, the liver and the spleen, can play an important role in the treatment of bone flaccidity.

Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis of mice after myocardial infarction affected by qiliqiangxin capsule

Qiliqiangxin (QLQX) capsule consists of 11 herbs, namely Huang qi (astragalus membranaceus), Ren shen (ginseng), Fu zi (radix aconiti carmichaeli), Dan shen (salvia miltiorrhiza), Ting li zi (lepidium seed), Ze xie (rhizoma alismatis), Yu zhu (radix polygonati officinalis), Gui zhi (cassia twig), Hong hua (carthamus tinctorious), Xiang jia Pi (cortex periplocae), Chen Pi (pericarpium citri reticulatae), and it is a standardized commercial formula designed to address yang deficiency and to restore the balance of qi in the heart. QLQX is also known to invigorate the blood and promote the circulation of the blood and to promote the use of fluids to relieve water retention and edema, and can be used in cardiovascular diseases such as mild to moderate congestive heart failure resulting from coronary artery disease and hypertension. The further research on the effect of QLQX on cardiac function in mice after myocardial infarction was manipulated. QLQX was given to mice in myocardial infarction model by gavage with appropriate dosage and the samples were analyzed at the end of the animal experiments through the UHPLC-Q-Exactive LC-MS. The liquid mass spectrometry was used to collect and followed by further analysis of the corresponding metabolites and metabolic pathways using metabolomics analysis. As a result, 9 differential metabolites were identified, with 15 being up-regulated and 4 down-regulated following intervention with QLQX. Then the metabolic pathways by KEGG enrichment pathway bubble diagram was analyzed, and 4 metabolic pathways were obtained, and combined with the metabolites that had been screened and analyzed together, finally the two differential metabolites, 2,5-Dihydroxybenzenesulfonic Acid and o-Cresol sulfate were found. The Glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway was closely related to the remaining seven differential metabolites, and the pathway might be an important pathway related to the effects of QLQX on cardiac function in mice.

Based on Serum Pharmacochemistryand MetabolomicsStudied the Pharmacodynamic Material Basis and Mechanism of Rubi Fructus(Fupenzi)in Improving the Symptom of Kidney-Yang Deficiency.

Rubi fructus (Fupenzi)is the Chinese medicine for both food and medicine, which canbe usedtotonify kidney yang, strengthen essence and shrink urine, but its effective components and mechanism are not clear.In this paper, the active components of Fupenziin vivo and in vitro were detected. Adenine was used to replicate the model of kidney yang deficiency, and organ index, biochemical index and histopathology were used to evaluate the effect of different doses of Fupenzion tonifying kidney yang. Metabonomics technique was used to analyze the metabolic regulation mechanism of Fupenziin improving kidney yang deficiency syndrome. The results showed that 61 chemical constituents of Fupenziwere identified in vitro. A total of 51 chemical components were identified, including 30 prototype components and 21 metabolic components, which may be theeffective components of Fupenzi. The results of pharmacodynamicsshowed that Fupenzican effectively improve the symptom of kidney-yang deficiency, which may be mainly through primary bile acid biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, β-alanine metabolism, glutathione metabolism, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism and other metabolic pathways to improve adenine-induced metabolic disorders in rats with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome.

Research Progress in the Treatment of IgG4-related Diseases in Chinese and Western Medicine

IgG4-related diseases (IgG4-RD) is a group of diseases characterized by abnormally elevated levels of IgG4 antibodies and infiltration of IgG4+ plasma cells. Currently, Western medicine mainly uses hormones, immunosuppressants, and biologically targeted therapies for treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine mainly uses dialectic therapy to treat the disease. The syndrome types are mostly Yin deficiency of the liver and kidney, phlegm and blood stasis, Yang deficiency of the spleen and kidney, and damp-heat of the liver and gallbladder. This article provides a review of the research progress in epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of IgG4-related diseases in Chinese and Western medicine.

The Influencing Factors and Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Characteristics of Depression/Anxiety in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the situation of depression/anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) at different stages of the disease and to analyze the influencing factors and the evolution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes. Materials and Methods: From October 2016 to April 2018, a cross-sectional survey was conducted at 48 clinical research centers in 23 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions across China. A total of 11383 cases were collected by outpatient or inpatient cases, including healthy individuals (n = 1754), low-risk individuals (n = 2339), metabolic syndrome (n = 1475), stable CHD (n = 3366), acute coronary syndrome (n = 704), perioperative intervention treatment (n = 753), and heart failure (n = 992). Survey demographic data, lifestyle habits, disease and health status, TCM symptoms and signs, and other information were collected. Results: The prevalence rates of depression/anxiety in surveyed patients with CHD were 35.7% and 21.0%, respectively, and were higher than those in patients with metabolic syndrome (18.8% and 10.3%, respectively), low-risk individuals (11.7% and 7.5%), and healthy individuals (9.7% and 5.7%, respectively). The significant risk factors for CHD combined with depression analyzed by the generalized linear mixed model included age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.019), gender (OR = 0.632), hypertension (OR = 0.306), course of CHD (OR = 0.022), stent placement (OR = −0.284), heart function level (OR = −4.151/−3.336/−2.118), and phlegm stasis syndrome score (OR = 0.129). The significant risk factors for CHD combined with anxiety included gender (OR = 0.581), heart function level (OR = −1.856), and phlegm stasis syndrome score (OR = 0.094). Factor analysis was conducted on the symptoms and signs of patients with CHD combined with depression/anxiety, and 16 common factors were obtained with cumulative contribution rates of 62.83% and 66.13%, respectively. Disease syndromes included liver and kidney deficiency syndrome, liver stagnation and discomfort syndrome, Qi deficiency syndrome, liver meridian fire heat syndrome, kidney deficiency syndrome, phlegm dampness syndrome, heart and gallbladder Qi deficiency syndrome, blood stasis syndrome, lung Qi inversion syndrome, Yang deficiency syndrome, and three symptoms named diseases, including chest tightness, chest pain, insomnia, and head discomfort. Conclusions: Through cross-sectional design, the data obtained in this study revealed the actual situation of CHD patients with anxiety or depression at different stages. The influencing factors of CHD patients with depression or anxiety were analyzed through the collected cross-sectional information and further revealed the syndromic characteristics of CHD patients with depression or anxiety at different stages from the perspective of TCM syndromes. The data obtained provide a practical basis for further understanding the clinical characteristics of bicardiac diseases and for proposing treatment strategies in stages.

Study on Shenbao Tablet in Treating Kidney-yang Deficiency Syndromebased on Metabolomics.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of action of Shenbao tablets using metabolomics approach. Kidney-Yang deficiency is a common syndrome type in traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome typology, closely related to disorders of multiple metabolic pathways and is the root cause and underlying syndrome type of many diseases. Shenbao tablets can significantly improve the main symptoms of kidney yang deficiency syndrome, but the mechanism of action of Shenbao tablets on kidney yang deficiency syndrome is still unknown. The rats were intraperitoneally injected with hydrocortisone once a day for 40 days to simulate the syndrome. Traditional pharmacodynamic indicators (body mass, biochemical indicators and pathology) were used to evaluate the efficacy of the medicine. Serum, urine and feces were collected from rats. UPLC/MS metabolomics method was used to study the overall metabolic profile of serum, while GC/MS metabolomics method was used to study the metabolic spectrum of urine and feces. Results showed that the syndrome was significantly improved in the treatment group, and obvious metabolic disorders were observed in rats with the syndrome, with 47 potential biomarkers identified. Pathway analysis showed that nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, glycine, serine and trione metabolism, aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis, glycoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were the major ways for Shenbao tablet to improve kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. The mechanism of action of Shenbao tablet in improving the syndrome involves the regulation of energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, bile acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and intestinal microorganisms. This work shows that metabolomics is a promising tool for studying the essence of syndrome theory in TCM and the mechanisms of TCM.

CHEN Rixin's academic view of "synergistic effect of moxibustion combined with medication" and its application in tumor rehabilitation

In clinical practice of moxibustion, Professor CHEN Rixin has found that many symptoms are related to yang deficiency, cold and dampness accumulation or yang deficiency, and the obstruction of qi and blood. The therapeutic effects on these symptoms are not satisfactory with either herbal medication or western drugs. But, the effects can be obviously improved by replenishing yang with heat-sensitive moxibustion and medication in combination. Hence, he has proposed the academic view, "synergistic effect of moxibustion combined with medication", based on which, the enhanced yang qi may accelerate the actions of medication. Guided by this academic view, the tumor rehabilitation is conducted. In clinic, the heat-sensitive moxibustion is combined with immune targeting therapy or chemotherapy, which obviously inhibits tumor, reduces the adverse reactions of drugs, improves the quality of life and extends the life span of tumor patients. It is anticipated to launch a new pattern of moxibustion-medication collaboration to improve the clinical therapeutic effect on tumor through the synergistic effect of the coordination of yang qi and medication.

A Study on the Theory of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements: Restoration of the Archetype of Eurasian Ancient Thought and Its Modern Succession

A Study on the Theory of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements: Restoration of the Archetype of Eurasian Ancient Thought and Its Modern Succession

Progress in Ulcerative Colitis with Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency Type

Progress in Ulcerative Colitis with Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency Type

East meets west: integrating Yin-Yang theory with immunology teaching.

This perspective article delves into a novel integration of Yin-Yang theory-an ancient Chinese philosophical cornerstone-with the sophisticated realm of immunology. Given the intricate concepts inherent in immunology, many students find it challenging to comprehend the delicate mechanisms governing immune equilibrium and regulation. Given the deep-rooted understanding of Yin-Yang theory among Chinese students, we advocate for an educational strategy that contextualizes the concept of immune equilibrium within the framework of Yin-Yang, thereby offering a more intuitive and engaging learning experience. This method not only capitalizes on the cultural significance of Yin-Yang, but also corresponds to its principles of equilibrium and harmony, thus mirroring the homeostatic essence of immune responses. This article critically assesses this technique's capacity to bolster immune comprehension amongst Chinese students, while also considering its limitations. Despite these limitations, the fusion of these seemingly divergent fields holds substantial promise for augmenting immunology education, promoting critical thinking, and advancing cross-cultural academic discourse. The amalgamation of age-old philosophical insights with modern scientific exploration prompts a reassessment of educational methodologies within immunology, underscoring a novel pedagogical approach that bridges traditional wisdom with contemporary scientific education.

Thinking on the application of reinforcing and reducing techniques of moxibustion in the staged differentiation and treatment of prostate cancer

The effect of reinforcing and reducing techniques of moxibustion depends on types of moxibustion, operation methods and characteristics of acupoints. According to the ups and downs of pathogenic factors and healthy qi during the occurrence and development of prostate cancer, three stages are divided, namely, the stage of initial accumulation of cancer toxicity, the stage of the deficiency of healthy qi and toxin retention, and the stage of yang deficiency and cold stagnation. In the stage of initial accumulation of cancer toxicity, zangfu function is impaired and the dampness, heat and stasis toxin are accumulated in the body; due to which, the reducing technique of moxibustion should be dominant and the healthy qi be supported in combination. In treatment, the wheat-grain sized cone moxibustion, suppurative moxibustion and garlic-isolated moxibustion are applicable. The reducing purpose of moxibustion is obtained by delivering an appropriate increased number of moxa cones, large dosage and strong stimulation at acupoints. In the stage of the deficiency of healthy qi and toxin retention, qi movement is weakened and cancer toxin consumes yin; the reinforcing healthy qi and removing pathogenic factors should be operated simultaneously. In treatment, mild moxibustion and suppurative moxibustion can be used. The reduced number of moxa cones, moderate dosage of moxibustion and mild stimulation at acupoints should be considered to gently adjust the conditions of deficiency and excess. In the stage of yang deficiency and cold stagnation, spleen and kidney yang is deficient, and the meridians are blocked by cold and damp pathogens. In treatment, the reinforcing technique of moxibustion should be used specially and eliminating pathogenic factors be combined. Monkshood cake-insulated moxibustion, salt-insulated moxibustion and wheat-grain sized cone moxibustion can be adopted. The less number of moxa cones, small dosage and appropriately increased frequency of treatment should be considered to produce the gentle and sustained stimulation at acupoints so as to excite the healthy qi and promote the transformation of qi and blood.

Fuzi lizhong pills alter microbial community compositions and metabolite profiles in ulcerative colitis rat with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome

Ethnopharmacological relevanceUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel condition that is frequently related with Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome (SKYD) in Chinese medicine. Fuzi Lizhong Pill (FLZP), a traditional medicine for SKYD, has been utilized in China for generations, although the exact mechanism by which it treats UC is unknown. Aim of the studyThe goal of this study is to further understand FLZP's therapeutic mechanism in SKYD-associated UC. Materials and methodsTo investigate the impact of FLZP on SKYD-associated UC, we used a comprehensive method that included serum metabolomics and gut microbiota profiling. The chemical composition of FLZP was determined using mass spectrometry. UC rats with SKYD were induced and treated with FLZP. Serum metabolomics and 16S rRNA microbial community analysis were used to evaluate FLZP's effects on endogenous metabolites and gut microbiota, respectively. Correlation analysis investigated the association between metabolites and intestinal flora. A metabolic pathway analysis was undertaken to discover putative FLZP action mechanisms. ResultsFLZP contains 109 components, including liquiritin (584.8176 μg/g), benzoylaconine (16.3087 μg/g), benzoylhypaconine (31.9583), and hypaconitine (8.1160 μg/g). FLZP predominantly regulated seven metabolites and eight metabolic pathways involved in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, with an emphasis on energy metabolism and gastrointestinal digestion. FLZP also influenced intestinal flora variety, increasing probiotic abundance while decreasing pathogenic bacteria prevalence. An integrated investigation identified associations between changes in certain gut flora and energy metabolism, specifically the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. ConclusionsFLZP successfully cures UC in SKYD rats by regulating amino acid and energy metabolism. Its positive effects may include altering microbiota composition and metabolite profiles in UC rats with SKYD. These findings shed light on FLZP's mode of action and its implications for UC management.

Clinical Nursing Intervention of Moxibustion on Abdominal Distension Symptoms in Heart Failure (Heart and Kidney Yang Deficiency and Blood Stasis Blocking Collaterals Syndrome)

Objective: To investigate the clinical nursing intervention effect of moxibustion on abdominal distension symptoms in heart failure (heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome). Methods: 62 patients with heart failure (heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome) admitted to our hospital from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected and divided into the observation group (n = 31) and the control group (n = 31) by using the random numerical table method. The control group adopted conventional nursing interventions, and the observation group received the nursing program of the control group with the addition of moxibustion nursing interventions. The nursing effectiveness, quality of life scores, and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results: The nursing effectiveness of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05); the quality of life score of the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05); the nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of moxibustion nursing intervention in patients with heart failure (heart and kidney yang deficiency and blood stasis blocking collaterals syndrome) can effectively relieve the symptoms of abdominal distension, improve patients’ quality of life, and increase nursing satisfaction, which has promotion and application values.

Role of macrophage polarization in heart failure and traditional Chinese medicine treatment.

Heart failure (HF) has a severe impact on public health development due to high morbidity and mortality and is associated with imbalances in cardiac immunoregulation. Macrophages, a major cell population involved in cardiac immune response and inflammation, are highly heterogeneous and polarized into M1 and M2 types depending on the microenvironment. M1 macrophage releases inflammatory factors and chemokines to activate the immune response and remove harmful substances, while M2 macrophage releases anti-inflammatory factors to inhibit the overactive immune response and promote tissue repair. M1 and M2 restrict each other to maintain cardiac homeostasis. The dynamic balance of M1 and M2 is closely related to the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) yin-yang theory, and the imbalance of yin and yang will result in a pathological state of the organism. Studies have confirmed that TCM produces positive effects on HF by regulating macrophage polarization. This review describes the critical role of macrophage polarization in inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis and electrophysiology in the course of HF, as well as the potential mechanism of TCM regulation of macrophage polarization in preventing and treating HF, thereby providing new ideas for clinical treatment and scientific research design of HF.

WenTongGanPi decoction alleviates diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by improving intestinal barrier

Ethnopharmacological relevanceWenTongGanPi Decoction (WTGPD) is a representative medical practice of the Fuyang School of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which originated from the classical Lu's Guizhi method. WTGPD places emphasis on the balance and functionality of yang qi, and is effective in treating TCM symptoms related to liver qi stagnation and spleen yang deficiency. In TCM, diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is often diagnosed as liver depression and spleen deficiency, and the use of WTGPD has shown significant therapeutic effect. However, the underlying mechanism of WTGPD treating IBS-D remains unclear. Aim of the studyTo explore the effect and mechanism of WTGPD in the treatment of IBS-D. Materials and methodsAn IBS-D model with liver depression and spleen deficiency was constructed by chronic immobilization stress stimulation and sennae folium aqueous gavage. The impact of WTGPD on IBS-D rats was evaluated through measurements of body weight, fecal water content, and abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR). Intestinal permeability was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin (HE), alcian blue-periodic acid schiff (AB-PAS), immunofluorescence (IF) staining, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The components of WTGPD were analyzed using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. The underlying mechanisms were investigated through network pharmacology, transcriptomics sequencing, western blot (WB), molecular docking, and 16S rRNA sequencing. ResultsWTGPD treatment effectively alleviated diarrhea and abnormal pain in IBS-D rats (P < 0.05). It enhanced the intestinal barrier function by improving colonic structure and increasing the expression of tight junction proteins (P < 0.05). A total of 155 components were identified in WTGPD. Both network pharmacology and transcriptomics sequencing analysis highlighted MAPK as the key signaling pathway in WTGPD's anti-IBS-D effect. The WB results showed a significant decrease in p-p38, p-ERK and p-JNK expression after WTGPD treatment (P < 0.0001). Guanosine, adenosine and hesperetin in WTGPD may be involved in regulating the phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK. Additionally, WTGPD significantly enhanced microbial diversity and increased the production of colonic valeric acid in IBS-D rats (P < 0.01). ConclusionIn conclusion, our findings suggest that WTGPD can effectively alleviate IBS-D and improve intestinal barrier likely via inhibiting MAPK signal pathway and improving micobial dysbiosis.

Effect of DU meridian long snake moxibustion on intestinal flora of people with yang deficiency

BackgroundThe changes of intestinal flora are closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. Long snake moxibustion has the functions of strengthening the body resistance, eliminating pathogenic factors and balancing yin and yang, and has been widely used in clinic. This study aimed to explore the effect of long snake moxibustion on intestinal flora in people with yang deficiency constitution. MethodsThe 60 subjects with yang deficiency constitution recruited in a tertiary A-level-integrated traditional Chinese medicine hospital were randomly divided into Du meridian group and non-Du meridian group between May 1, 2021, and July 31, 2021, which were treated once a week for 12 consecutive times. The scores of symptoms of yang deficiency were recorded before and after treatment, fresh stool samples were collected, and the distribution of intestinalflora was detected by 16 S rDNA sequencing technology. ResultsCompared with before treatment, the scores of symptoms of yang deficiency in both groups had a distinct decrease after treatment (P<0.05), and the effect of Du meridian group was better than that of non-Du meridian group. After treatment, the Du meridian group was superior to the non-Du meridian treatment group in the diversity of intestinal flora, the relative abundance of phylum and genus, and the dominant intestinal flora. ConclusionsLong snake moxibustion on Du meridian can improve the diversity of intestinal flora, promote the balance between beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria, enhance the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier and regulate intestinal immunity, thus improving Yang deficiency constitution.

Host cells reprogram lipid droplet synthesis through YY1 to resist PRRSV infection.

Metabolism in host cells can be modulated after viral infection, favoring viral survival or clearance. Here, we report that lipid droplet (LD) synthesis in host cells can be modulated by yin yang 1 (YY1) after porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection, resulting in active antiviral activity. As a ubiquitously distributed transcription factor, there was increased expression of YY1 upon PRRSV infection both in vitro and in vivo. YY1 silencing promoted the replication of PRRSV, whereas YY1 overexpression inhibited PRRSV replication. PRRSV infection led to a marked increase in LDs, while YY1 knockout inhibited LD synthesis, and YY1 overexpression enhanced LD accumulation, indicating that YY1 reprograms PRRSV infection-induced intracellular LD synthesis. We also showed that the viral components do not colocalize with LDs during PRRSV infection, and the effect of exogenously induced LD synthesis on PRRSV replication is nearly lethal. Moreover, we demonstrated that YY1 affects the synthesis of LDs by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism genes. YY1 negatively regulates the expression of fatty acid synthase (FASN) to weaken the fatty acid synthesis pathway and positively regulates the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) to promote the synthesis of LDs, thus inhibiting PRRSV replication. These novel findings indicate that YY1 plays a crucial role in regulating PRRSV replication by reprogramming LD synthesis. Therefore, our study provides a novel mechanism of host resistance to PRRSV and suggests potential new antiviral strategies against PRRSV infection.IMPORTANCEPorcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) has caused incalculable economic damage to the global pig industry since it was first discovered in the 1980s. However, conventional vaccines do not provide satisfactory protection. It is well known that viruses are parasitic pathogens, and the completion of their replication life cycle is highly dependent on host cells. A better understanding of host resistance to PRRSV infection is essential for developing safe and effective strategies to control PRRSV. Here, we report a crucial host antiviral molecule, yin yang 1 (YY1), which is induced to be expressed upon PRRSV infection and subsequently inhibits virus replication by reprogramming lipid droplet (LD) synthesis through transcriptional regulation. Our work provides a novel antiviral mechanism against PRRSV infection and suggests that targeting YY1 could be a new strategy for controlling PRRSV.

Coronary heart disease: innovative understanding from traditional Chinese medicine and treatment by classic formulas

Coronary heart disease is a common cardiovascular disease, attacking about 11.4 million patients in China. With increasing prevalence and mortality year by year, coronary heart disease has become a major factor threatening human health and public health. Although primary and secondary prevention, intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting and other interventions have reduced the death rate, there are drug(aspirin) resistance, secondary nitroglycerin failure, post-intervention fatigue, chest tightness, and an-xiety, and complication with a high risk of bleeding, which have become the key clinical and scientific issues needed to be resolved. Coronary heart disease belongs to the category of chest impediment and heart pain in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). The TCM etiology of this disease includes external contraction of cold, emotional disorders, constitutional insufficiency, physical weakness, and labor injury, which are closely related to sympathetic nerve activity, state of cardiac and psychological diseases, family history, and cardiovascular metabolic disorders in modern medicine. The TCM causes of coronary heart disease include Qi depression, phlegm turbidity, blood stasis, fire-heat, cold congealing, and healthy Qi deficiency, which are associated with emotional factors such as anxiety and depression, abnormal lipid metabolism, abnormalities in blood circulation and coagulation, inflammatory responses, hyperactive immune responses, and heart failure, chronic wasting disease, or aging, respectively. Accordingly, the patients with Qi depression should be treated with Chaihu Longgu Muli Decoction, and those with phlegm turbidity should be treated with Wendan Decoction and Gualou Xiebai Banxia Decoction. Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction and Guizhi Fuling Pills are recommended for blood stasis, Xiaoxianxiong Decoction and Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction for fire-heat, Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction for cold congealing, and Renshen Decoction for healthy Qi deficiency. Due to the changes in the spectrum of diseases from ancient to modern times as well as the differences in physical constitution, the key cause of coronary heart disease has evolved from the chest Yang deficiency and cold congealing to Qi depression, phlegm turbidity, phlegm combined with stasis, and fire-heat, showing a shift from cold to heat and from deficiency to excess. The combination of classic formulas presents a pattern. That is, the core formula-syndrome correspondence of a disease often fixedly appears with other formula-syndrome correspondence, which may be related to the development of the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease. In the clinical application of modern pharmacological results, the research team has formulated the clinical principle of pathogenesis corresponding to pathological changes and medicinal nature corresponding pharmacological effects. The modern pharmacological research on classic formulas is conducive to targeted treatment. Moreover, classic formulas help to ameliorate aspirin resistance, clopidogrel resistance, post-intervention anxiety, and high risk of bleeding and address the lack of effective blockade of critical lesions in the coronary artery and the progression of post-infarction heart failure. The innovative understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of co-ronary heart disease helps to improve the clinical efficacy of TCM and the clinical system for treating coronary heart disease with classic formulas.

WITHDRAWN: Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Animal Models and Multi-omics Biomarkers in Type II Diabetes: A Review

IntroductionDiabetes, a chronic metabolic disease marked by hyperglycemia, predominantly manifests as Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), representing over 90% of diabetes cases with intricate pathogenesis and varied pathological attributes. Drawing upon Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) principles, this article outlines the methodology and evaluation criteria for integrating TCM syndromes into animal models for T2DM while comprehensively examining T2DM pathogenic mechanisms and physiological characteristics from various omics perspectives to pinpoint essential biomarkers. MethodsResearchers conducted comprehensive searches using databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar and CNKI. Selection criteria were based on content relevance and publication date, resulting in the inclusion of 223 articles, including Chinese and English journal papers, master's and doctoral theses. This comprehensive review aims to highlight the importance of TCM in research related to T2DM, as well as its compatibility with modern technology, providing guidance for future development of targeted drugs and clinical treatment for T2DM. ResultsThis article, based on the fundamental theories of Traditional Chinese Medicine, summarized the methodology and evaluation criteria for constructing 6 types of T2DM animal models: Blood Stasis Syndrome, Kidney Yin Deficiency Syndrome, Spleen Deficiency Syndrome, Yang Deficiency Syndrome, Qi and Yin Deficiency Syndrome, and Yin and Yang Deficiency Syndrome. It comprehensively analyzed the latest research progress on the pathogenic mechanisms and physiological characteristics of T2DM from the perspectives of genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and gut microbiomics, providing crucial insights for the discovery of potential biomarkers for T2DM. DiscussionsThe broad use of multi-omics tech aids in T2DM pathogenesis understanding. For comprehensive insight, analyzing genes, proteins, metabolites and microbiota is vital. As a metabolic disorder, T2DM has a prolonged development process, necessitating the selection of different biomarkers for various stages of the disease progression and long-term monitoring of the overall changes in key biomarkers. The development of a “disease-syndrome” animal model is pivotal for the advancement of targeted drug therapies. The crux lies in the accuracy, repeatability, and stability of the model and its assessment criteria. Future investigations should focus on multi-omics analyses across diverse T2DM syndromes to facilitate personalized treatment strategies.

Distribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine syndromes in diabetic kidney disease chronic kidney disease 1-5: a correlation study.

To analyze the distribution of Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and its related factors. We enrolled 435 patients with DKD, who were not undergoing dialysis, admitted to the Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from April 2020 to August 2021. Analysis of their TCM syndromes and related factors was carried out. The 435 patients included 109, 117, 86, and 123 chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-2, CKD3, CKD4, and CKD5 cases, respectively. With the progression of CKD1-5, the proportion of Yin deficiency and dry heat syndrome, and that of Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome showed a downward trend, whereas the proportion of spleen-kidney Yang deficiency, blood deficiency, blood stasis, water stagnation, and phlegm turbidity syndromes showed an upward trend; the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Yin deficiency and dry heat syndrome was positively correlated with hemoglobin [odds ratio (OR) = 1.022, P = 0.005], albumin (OR = 1.058, P = 0.006), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (OR = 1.020, P < 0.001) but negatively correlated with male sex (OR = 0.277, P = 0.004). Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with albumin (OR = 1.056, P < 0.001) and eGFR (OR = 1.008, P = 0.022) but negatively correlated with age (OR = 0.977, P = 0.023). Liver-kidney Yin deficiency syndrome was positively correlated with age (OR = 1.028, P = 0.021) and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR = 1.223, P = 0.007) but negatively correlated with total cholesterol (OR = 0.792, P = 0.006). Spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndrome was negatively correlated with hemoglobin (OR = 0.977, P < 0.001), albumin (OR = 0.891, P < 0.001), and eGFR (OR = 0.978, P < 0.001) but positively correlated with high density lipoprotein (OR = 3.376, P = 0.001). With CKD1-5 progression, TCM syndromes changed from Yin deficiency and dry heat syndrome to syndrome of deficiency of both Qi and Yin, liver-kidney Yin, and spleen-kidney Yang deficiency syndromes. TCM syndromes were correlated with laboratory test results.