Yield Parameters Research Articles

Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

The present investigation was carried out at Agricultural Research Farm, School of Agriculture, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur (Rajasthan) to study the Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) during kharif season of the year 2023-24. The experiment was laid down in RBD which consisted 9 treatment combinations viz; T1-Control (100%) (125:100:50), T2-100% N through FYM (25t/ha), T3-100% N through vermicompost (5t/ha), T4-100% N through poultry manure (5t/ha), T5-100% N through neem cake (2t/ha), T6-50% NPK + 50% N through FYM, T7-50% NPK + 50% N through vermicompost, T8-50% NPK + 50% N through poultry manure, T9-50% NPK + 50% N through neem cake and treatments were replicated three times. The treatment (T7) significantly affected various vegetative growth, yield and quality parameters. Results further indicated that the highest (3.27) benefit: cost ratio was observed in treatment (T7). Whereas, the lowest benefit: cost ratio (1.51) was recorded under control.

PIT1/HINFI POLYMORPHISM IN HOLSTEIN CATTLE IN AFYONKARAHISAR PROVINCE

Pit1 gene has been shown to be located on the centromeric region of chromosome 1 in cattle. This gene has responsible for development of pituitary gland and hormone expression in mammals. Pit1 deficiency causes a dwarfism phenotype in mice, dogs and fish. Previous studies has demonstrated to associated with polymorphisms of the Pit1 gene and growth and reproductive performance and milk, meat yield traits. In the cattle, a HinfI polymorphism on Pit1 gene (c.1178G>A ) have been reported that there is an association between milk and reproduction yield parameters. In this study, we aimed existence and distribution of Pit1/HinfI polymorphism in 81 head of Holstein cattle in Afyonkarahisar province. In our study, we found that there were 5 AA, 30 AG and 46 GG genotypes in our survey population. We also detected to frequency of A allele as 0.25 and the G allele as 0.75. We calculated to genetic index values such as PIC (0.3027418) and Heterozygosity (0.3742044) using by RStudio package. Chi-square value was found 0.049 and was exhibited to survey population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Considering of these findings, we denoted proper of Pit1/HinfI polymorphism using in marker assisted selection studies both of native and culture cattle breeds.

Evaluating Drought Tolerance and Yield Stability of Sorghum Genotypes for Sustainable Agriculture in Sohag, Egypt

ABSTRACTThe major problem in the cultivation of sorghum in the Egyptian agricultural system includes arid climate and water shortage. Thus, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of drought conditions on the productivity of 21 different sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) genotypes at Sohag, Egypt. A set of drought tolerance metrics employed in the present study were Tolerance Index (TOL); Mean Production (MP); Sensitivity to Drought Index (SSI); Stress Tolerance Index (STI); Geometric mean performance (GMP) and Harmonic mean of yield (HARM). A field‐controlled experiment was conducted on the two growth seasons (2021 and 2022) concerning the impact of different drought levels on (ET0 = 0.8, 0.6 and 0.4) Grain Yields (GY) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) for the various studied sorghum genotypes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also conducted on the obtained data of the different yield parameters with the aim of identifying the most effective tolerance indices related to the different genotypes of sorghum under both conditions, optimal and stressed. Drought tolerance varies among different sorghum varieties, which, by their genetic and physiological nature, possess efficient stomatal regulation and deep‐rooted systems, enhancing water conservation and physiological functions and hence higher WUE. These are mainly influenced by environmental conditions, such as soil type and moisture levels in the region of Sohag, where such genotypes may exhibit different performances regarding drought stress. It was observed that Giza‐15 and Hybrid Sh1 were among the high performers under well‐irrigated conditions, and L38 was outstanding during a severe drought in terms of WUE. Therefore, proper genotype selection depends on the irrigation strategy. Hence, the Sohag region presents a good opportunity for further improvement of drought tolerance through designed selection and hybridization activities in sorghum breeders, and this contributes to climate‐resilient cultivars by addressing the present agricultural challenges and food security for the present world. Emphasis will be placed by breeders on the development of arid‐condition‐adapted genotypes and the development of models that can be applied within comparable climates to boost productivity and sustainability for those farmers dependent on this vital crop.

Exploring the feasibility of using drones for seeding of rice (Oryza sativa. L.)

Rice planters worldwide face increasing challenges such as water scarcity, labor shortages and rising production costs. Traditional rice production techniques are time-consuming, labor-intensive, less economical, and more susceptible to the excessive use of farm inputs. These conditions necessitate an advanced crop establishment technique that offers higher returns with lower input and labor than traditional methods. A field study was performed to assess the viability of employing drones for rice planting compared to alternative establishment methods concerning rice productivity. The treatments consisted of four different seed rates (30, 40, 50, and 60 kg ha?¹) for drone seeding, compared with drum seeding, manual broadcasting, and transplanting. The performance of drone seeding was assessed using various growth and yield parameters. Transplanted rice exhibited significantly higher growth, yield parameters, and grain yield than other methods; however, it was economically inferior to direct seeding methods, either by drum seeder or drones. Direct seeding using a drum seeder at 30 kg ha?¹ and drone seeding at 40 kg ha?¹ produced comparable growth and yield. Notably, drone seeding with a 40 kg ha?¹ seed rate resulted in significantly higher growth, yield parameters, and overall yield than manual broadcasting. This method saved 20 kg ha?¹ of seeds and increased rice yield by 13% compared to manual broadcasting at 60 kg ha?¹. Considering the issues of labor scarcity, timeliness of operation, and cost of establishment, drone seeding at a rate of 40 kg ha?¹ is deemed a more sustainable and forward-looking technique for rice crop establishment.

The Timing of Phosphorus Availability to Corn: What Growth Stages Are Most Critical for Maximizing Yield?

Phosphorus (P) is critical for maximizing agricultural production and represents an appreciable input cost. Geologic sources of P that are most easily mined are a finite resource, while P transported from agricultural land to surface waters contributes to water quality degradation. Improved knowledge of P timing needs by corn (maize) can help inform management decisions that increase P use efficiency, which is beneficial to productivity, economics, and environmental quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate P application timing on the growth and yield components of corn. Corn was grown in a sand-culture hydroponics system that eliminated confounding plant–soil interactions and allowed for precise control of nutrient availability and timing. All nutrients were applied via drip irrigation and were therefore 100% bioavailable. Eight P timing treatments were tested using “low” (L) and “sufficient” (S) P concentrations. In each of the three growth phases, solution P application levels were changed or maintained, resulting in eight possible combinations, LLL, LLS, LSL, LSS, SLL, SSL, SLS, and SSS, where the first, second, and third letters indicate P solution application levels from planting to V6, V6 to R1, and R1 to R6, respectively. All other nutrients were applied at sufficient levels. Sacrificial samples were harvested at V6, R1, and R6 and evaluated for various yield parameters. Plants that received sufficient P between V6 and R1 produced a significantly higher grain yield than plants that received low P between V6 and R1 regardless of the level of P supply before V6 or after R1. The grain yield of plants that received sufficient P only between V6 and R1 did not differ significantly from plants that received only sufficient P (SSS), due to (1) a greater ear P concentration at R1; (2) an efficient remobilization of assimilates from the stem and leaf to grains between R1 and R6 (source–sink relationship); (3) a higher kernel/grain weight; and (4) less investment into root biomass.

Genetic variability appraisal: Identifying potential chilli Capsicum annuum genotypes through detailed phenotypic analysis for breeding under drought prone regions in Tamil Nadu

Genetic diversity provides a broader genetic pool from which a breeder can select varieties that are resistant to climate change-related challenges. Diverse chilli genotypes are more likely to possess genes that confer resistance to emerging diseases and pests, reducing the need for chemical interventions. This study focused on identifying elite chilli genotypes suitable for rainfed conditions in the North-Western zone of Tamil Nadu, an area prone to dry spells during the growing season. Forty-two chilli genotypes were evaluated for growth and yield parameters, revealing significant variability among them. Genotypes, such as Sidlagatta local (SDL local), Japoni Longi and S2 local, exhibited superior performance in terms of fresh fruit yield, number of fruits per plant, individual fruit weight, fruit length and dry fruit yield. Correlation analysis indicated strong relationships between yield and various fruit characteristics, validating their importance for crop improvement. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted key traits contributing to genetic variance, such as plant height, number of primary branches and fruit dimensions, aiding in genotype selection for future targeted breeding programs. Cluster analysis grouped the genotypes based on genetic similarity, suggesting potential strategies for hybridization to harness genetic diversity effectively. These findings emphasize the significance of genetic exploration and trait-based selection in enhancing chilli productivity under rainfed conditions amidst changing climatic scenarios.

Effect of Varying Irrigation Levels on Growth and Yield of Serengeti and Theresa French Bean Cultivars: A Case Study in Huye District, Rwanda

Effective irrigation management is essential for maximizing crop yield and quality while conserving water resources. This study evaluated the impact of varying irrigation levels on the growth and yield of two French bean cultivars, Serengeti and Theresa, conducted in 2024 at the Agricultural Research Center of Rwanda Polytechnic–Huye College. Key objectives included determining crop water requirements, establishing irrigation schedules based on daily soil water balance, and examining the effects of three irrigation regimes (Full irrigation (100% ETc), Deficit irrigation( 50% ETc), and Rainfed as Control on yield parameters across both cultivars. The experiment followed a split-plot design in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Soil moisture levels were monitored using PR2- Moisture Sensors. The results of conducted field experiments revealed that the seasonal irrigation water requirements for full irrigation, deficit irrigation, and rainfed treatments were 111.38 mm, 99.5 mm, and 24.5 mm, respectively. Seasonal evapotranspiration rates were measured at 160.4 mm for full irrigation, 143.9 mm for deficit, and 80.84 mm for rainfed. The fresh pod yield ranged between 5.9 – 11.7 tons ha⁻¹ for Serengeti and 5.3 – 20.3 tons ha⁻¹ for Theressa, while dry matter yields varied from 1.0 – 1.66 tons ha⁻¹ for Serengeti and 0.8 – 2.88 tons ha⁻¹ for Theressa. Plant height ranged from 22 cm to 40.1 cm, and pod lengths for Serengeti and Theressa were between 9.3 – 17.64 cm and 8.8 – 15.8 cm, respectively. The mean number of grains per pod was 7. Yield response factors (ky) for Serengeti and Theressa were 1.029 and 1.20, respectively. The highest crop evapotranspiration productivity (WPET) and water productivity (WP-irrigation) were recorded for Theressa at 127.2 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹ and 135.6 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹, respectively. Monitoring soil moisture balance highlights the economic advantages of efficient irrigation techniques tailored to local conditions.

Remote estimation of leaf nitrogen content, leaf area, and berry yield in wild blueberries

Nitrogen (N) fertilization is a major management requirement for wild blueberry fields. Its presence and estimation can be difficult given the perennial and heterogeneous nature of the plant, low N requirement, and residual N effects, resulting in the frequent over-application of N, excessive canopy growth, and resulting reduction in berry yields. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate nitrogen content and growth parameters using remote sensing approaches. Three trials were established in three commercial fields in Nova Scotia, Canada. An RCBD with 5 replicates and a plot size of 6 × 8 m with a 2 m buffer was used. Treatments consisted of 0, 20, 40, 60, and 100 kg N ha-1 of fertilizer. Using a DJI Matrice 300 UAV mounted with an RGB and a multispectral camera, aerial measurements were collected at 30 m altitude. Several field measurements including leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf area, floral bud numbers, stem height, and yield were conducted. Several vegetation indices (VIs) were computed for each plot, and correlation and regression analyses were conducted. Results indicated that treatments with high nitrogen rates had correspondingly high LAI measurements with the 60 kg ha-1 rate achieving the best growth parameters compared to the other treatments. LNC, LAI, and berry yield estimations using VIs [green leaf index (GLI), green red vegetation index (GRVI), and visible atmospheric red index (VARI)] produced significantly positive R2 values of 0.43, 0.48, and 0.30 respectively. Results from this study illustrated the potential of using VIs to estimate LNC, LAI, and berry yield parameters. It was established that the near-infrared VIs are the most effective in estimating differences in nitrogen rates, making them suitable for use in prescription maps for N fertilization applications.

Characteristics of [formula omitted]-gallium oxide sputtering etching by focused gallium ion beam in the micro-nano scale fabrication

β−Gallium oxide (β−Ga2O3) is an ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductor that is widely recognized as an ideal material for the fabrication of optoelectronic and high-voltage devices. As an advanced sputtering etching technology, focused ion beam (FIB) is increasingly used in the micron and nanoscale processing of semiconductor materials. In this paper, the influence of Ga FIB on β−Ga2O3 sputtering etching is systematically investigated from three parts, namely, the calibration of sputtering yield, the influence of process parameters on etched profiles and the effect of redeposition. Firstly, sputtering etching of β−Ga2O3 substrate was carried out under typical processing conditions with different incident angles, and the key parameter of sputtering yield was precisely calibrated. Further, Yamamura’s model is applied to fit the curve of sputtering yield as a function of incident angle. In addition, the sputtering yield of β−Ga2O3 is compared with those of GaNand Si under the same conditions, revealing the differences between them. Next, through line scan etching and trench structure etching experiments, this study analyzed the maximum etched depth, width, and etched volume variation with ion dose. The evolution of β−Ga2O3 trench structure is described and compared with GaN and GaAs, and from the perspective of redeposition effects, the reasons for the differences between the three in the sputtering etching process are analyzed. Lastly, the study investigated the impact of FIB process parameters on the redeposition effects of β−Ga2O3. Experimental results indicated that significant redeposition effect occurs when etching β−Ga2O3 with large single dwell time. Further analysis identified a specific range of single dwell times under different beam currents that reduce redeposition and prevents the formation of sidewall angles. These findings provide important data support for the high-resolution etching process of β−Ga2O3-based micro-nano devices using FIB technology, and also establish a reliable data foundation for related simulation studies.

Physiological and Biotechnological Approaches in Enhancing Quality Parameters of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)

Physiological approaches play a crucial role in optimizing the plant growth, yield and quality parameters in chilli cultivation. Some key physiological approaches and their influence on quality parameters are stress induction (water and salt stress), hormonal treatment and nutrient management (organic and inorganic fertilizers). These physiological approaches helps chilli growers to meet market demands and consumer preferences more effectively. Biotechnological approaches also can bring major improvements in the quality aspects of chilly. Also the optimization of yield and quality contributes to the economic success of chili cultivation, providing consumers with high-quality products and producers with sustainable production systems.

Processing Tomato and Potato Response to Biostimulant Application in Open Field: An Overview

Biostimulants include a wide array of microorganisms and substances that can exert beneficial effects on plant development and growth, often enhancing nutrient uptake and improving tolerance against abiotic and biotic stress. Depending on their composition and time of application, these products can influence plant physiology directly as growth regulators or indirectly through environmental condition changes in the rhizosphere, such as nutrient and water availability. This review evaluated 48 case studies from 39 papers to summarize the effects of biostimulant application on fruit and tuber yields and on the quality of processing tomato and potato in open field conditions. For potato, PGPR bacteria were the main studied biostimulant, whereas the low number of studies on processing tomato did not permit us to delineate a trend. The yield and quality were greatly influenced by cultivars and biostimulant composition, application method, period, and dose. For processing tomato, a positive effect of the biostimulant application on the marketable yield was reported in 79% of the case studies, whereas for potato, the effect was reported in only 47%. Few studies, on processing tomato and potato, also reported data for quality parameters with contrasting results. The variability of crop response to biostimulant application in open field conditions highlights the need for more comprehensive studies. Such studies should focus on diverse cultivars, deeply understand the interaction of biostimulant application with agronomic management (e.g., irrigation and fertilization), and evaluate yield and quality parameters. This approach is crucial to fully understand the potential and limitations of biostimulant applications in agriculture, particularly regarding their role in sustainable crop production.

Fluctuation in Yield Parameters of Wheat Genotypes under Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions

Fluctuation in Yield Parameters of Wheat Genotypes under Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions

Maximizing Productivity and Profitability of Rice through Crop Establishment Methods and Weed Management Practices in Winter Rice-Garden Pea Relay Cropping System

A field experiment was conducted at the farmer’s field at Pirakata Brahmin Gaon under the jurisdiction of Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Jorhat to study resource conservation through crop establishment methods and weed management practices in winter rice (Oryza sativa. L.) - garden pea (Pisum sativum var. hortense) relay cropping system during 2019-20 & 2020-21. The treatment consisted of four crop establishment methods of winter rice (T) viz., T1: WDSR (Broadcasting), T2: WDSR (Modified Drum Seeder with furrow opener), T3: PTR (Farmers’ Practice), T4: PTR (Mechanized Transplanting by paddy transplanter) where WDSR: Wet Direct Seeded Rice, PTR: Puddled Transplanted Rice along with three weed management practices of rice (W) viz., W0: Weedy check, W1: Pretilachlor 0.75 kg/ha as pre-emergence fb bispyribac-sodium 0.025 kg/ha (20 DAS/DAT) as post-emergence, W2: Pretilachlor 0.75 kg/ha as pre-emergence fb manual weeding (30 DAS/DAT). The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The soil of the experimental site was sandy clay loam in texture, medium acidic in reaction, medium in organic carbon and available N and low in available P2O5 and K2O. The study revealed that the establishment method that T2, T3 and T4 had higher growth and yield parameters of the crop as compared to T1: WDSR (B) which resulted in higher grain and straw yield of winter rice as well as uptake of nutrients. The highest grain yield of 49.79 and 50.13 q/ha of winter rice was recorded under T4: PTR (MTR) followed by 46.62 and 47.8 q/ha in T2: WDSR (Drum seeder) during 2019 and 2020, respectively. The percent increase in grain yield of winter rice in W1 and W2 as compared to W0 (control) was 82.97, 84.52 in 2019 and 81.62, 81.58, respectively in 2020. The treatment combination T4W2 recorded the highest grain and straw yield of winter rice which was statistically at par with T4W1, T2W1 and T2W2. The higher B:C of 2.27 and 2.14 was recorded in T2W1 with higher gross return and net return followed by T2W2 (2.18 and 2.08 during 2019 and 2020, respectively).

Optimizing Nutrient Management for Enhanced Performance in Kadiri Lepakshi Groundnut

The study was conducted to determine the optimal fertilizer levels for Kadiri Lepakshi groundnut. The experiment consists of eight treatments and was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The present investigation was conducted at Integrated Farming System demonstration plot, ZARS, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru Karnataka, during the summer of 2022 and Kharif 2023. Five plants from the sampling area were randomly selected and observations on growth and yield parameters were recorded at 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing (DAS) and at harvest. The results revealed that among the various nutrient levels, application of 100 % RDF combined with Phosphogypsum @ 750 kg ha-1 and Borax @ 10 kg ha-1 resulted in significantly higher values for plant height (32.95 cm), number of branches per plant (12.60) and dry matter production at harvest. This treatment also led to a substantial increase in the total number of pods per plant (59) and filled pods per plant (48) in groundnut, performing on par with the treatment that included 100% RDF, Gypsum @ 750 kg ha-1 and Borax @ 10 kg ha-1 (with 57 and 44 pods, respectively) when compared to other treatments. The similar trend was observed with respect to pod yield (2327 kg ha-1), kernel yield (1580 kg ha-1), and haulm yield (3594 kg ha-1). So, the application of 100% RDF with Phosphogypsum @ 750 kg ha-1 and Borax @ 10 kg ha-1 significantly enhanced growth attributes (plant height, branches per plant, and dry matter production) and yield parameters (pods per plant, filled pods, pod yield, kernel yield, and haulm yield) in groundnut. This indicates that Phosphogypsum is an effective source of calcium and sulfur for boosting groundnut yield.

Exploring the Correlation Between Salt Tolerance and Seed Nutritional Value of Different Quinoa Genotypes Grown Under Saharan Climatic Conditions.

Quinoa is an annual pseudocereal highly adapted to extreme environments and has become, at this point in time, an extremely popular food due to its exceptional and high nutritional quality. This study aims to investigate the association of quinoa salt tolerance at an early developmental stage with its grain nutritional value under the effect of severe climatic hurdles. The current findings revealed a significant variability between genotypes in salt response attributes at the first development stage, where genotypes Amarilla Sacaca (thereafter, A. Sacaca) and QQ57 exhibited high salt tolerance thresholds with a low salt sensitivity index (SI), and a high capacity for Na+ sequestration into vacuoles. A significant positive association was detected between salt tolerance degree and yield parameters, saponins (SAPs), and minerals contents, where genotype A. Sacaca exhibited the highest SAP content with 3.84 mg.g-1 and the highest amounts of K, Ca, P, and Fe. The analysis of fatty acid composition demonstrated a high significant negative correlation between crude fat content and salt SI, and between yield parameters. Despite its low harvest index (HI) and low seed oil content, the salt-tolerant genotype A. Sacaca showed a high nutritional quality for seed oil according to its lowest ω6/ω3 ratio (5.6/1) and lowest level of atherogenicity index (AI). The genotype 115R, defined as the most sensitive to salt stress, exhibited a high seed oil quality due to its low lipid peroxidation susceptibility as reflected by its oxidative susceptibility and peroxidizability indexes. The significance of this study includes the identification of valuable quinoa genotypes showing high efficiency in growth and yield under severe stress accompanied by a high nutritional value satisfying the market requirements for healthy, nutritious, and safe food products.

Evaluation and character association study for tuber yield, biochemical and antioxidant properties of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)

A study was carried out during 2022 and 2023 at ICAR-Research Complex for North-Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya to evaluate the yield, biochemical and antioxidant properties of 49 accessions of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] in mid hill condition of north-eastern region. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with 3 replications. Results indicate that Mynthlu Orange exhibited the highest tuber weight, length, diameter and yield. In terms of biochemical parameters, Meghalaya Local recorded the highest dry matter content; Col-6 recorded the highest starch content; and X-24 had the highest total sugar content. Among antioxidants, X-24 showed the highest total phenolic content, highest FRAP assay value and anthocyanin with lowest IC50 value which signified that X-24 had the highest antioxidant activity. Correlation study revealed significant positive correlation of tuber yield with tuber weight, diameter and total anthocyanin. Based on the mean performance, accessions Mynthlu Orange, X-24 and Col-6 were found promising for yield, biochemical and antioxidant parameters.

Determination of water-retention and physicochemical properties of selected media as related to tomato seedling quality parameters

In this study, it was aimed to determine the relationships between changes in water retention properties and some physicochemical properties of different growth media used in seedling cultivation and tomato (Solanum lycopersicon cv.) seedling quality parameters. Growing media were prepared from eight different mixtures of peat (P), diatomite (D), zeolite (Z) and vermicompost (V). KAYRA F1 tomato variety was used for the seedling. At the end of 45 days of incubation, the water retention characteristics of medias were determined at different matric potential (0, -2, -4, -5, -8, -10, -33 and -1500 kPa). The highest available water capacity was realized in M1 (100% peat) and the highest saturation value was realized in M5 (70% peat + 15% zeolite + 15% vermicompost). Nutrient content and chemical and physical properties of the media were important for tomato seedling yield and quality parameters. Especially the increase in the ratio of vermicompost with a high EC value in the mixture caused a decrease in the germination rate. In the mixtures with a vermicompost ratio not exceeding 15%, significant improvement was achieved in seedling quality parameters. The best medium for tomato seedling yield and the quality parameters were obtained in M8 (70% peat + 10% zeolite + 10% diatomite + 10% vermicompost), and it was also observed that favorable results may be obtained in terms of quality seedling cultivation in M6 (70% peat + 15% diatomite + 15% vermicompost), M5 (70% peat + 15% zeolite + 15% vermicompost) and M4 (80% peat + 20% vermicompost) mediums.

Enhancing Okra Growth and Yield Through Foliar Nutrient Application in Conjunction with Mulching and Drip Irrigation

Background: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is an important vegetable crop that belongs to family malvaceae and is grown both in tropical and subtropical regions of India. In north-coastal Andhra Pradesh, okra is cultivated frequently so, optimizing the nutrient management practice is an efficient method for increasing yield. Among those practices, foliar fertilizers, mulching and irrigation methods are essential in maximizing the yield and quality of okra. Therefore, the present investigation deals with the combined effects of foliar nutrients, mulching and irrigation methods, providing valuable data for sustainable okra production in a particular area. Methods: The present investigation was conducted during June to September 2023, with seven different treatments using randomized block design. This experiment mainly focuses on combinations of mulching and foliar sprays of 19:19:19 and 13:0:45 at different concentrations. Collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and fisher’s least significant difference test at a 5% significance level. Result: Among all the treatments, 100% RDF along with the foliar application of 19:19:19 @ 1.0% + 13:0:45 @ 2% at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing has proven the best treatment, where it recorded the highest yield of 101 q per hectare (Q/ha) due to the application of sufficient nutrients. Whereas, the lowest yield was recorded with control plot due to insufficient nutrient supply in relation to growth and yield parameters.

Enhancing Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) Productivity through Good Agricultural Practices in Tamil Nadu, India

Large scale pulse seed production demonstrations on black gram under the TN IAMP scheme conducted by Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Vazhavachanur, Tiruvannamalai district, Tamil Nadu, India in 2 cluster villages at 50 farmer’s holdings during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021, respectively. The result and data analysis show an extension gap of 0.09 q/ha over farmers' traditional practices. The results revealed that TNIAMP intervention demonstrated registered higher growth and yield parameters viz., no. of clusters per plant, no. of pods per plant, grain yield and benefit-cost ratio compared to farmer’s practice grain yield and benefit cost ratio. TNIAMP pulse seed production intervention has had a good impact on pulse growing farmers of the Aliyar sub-basin, as they were motivated by good agricultural practices in the TNIAMP intervention plots and yielded an increase of 15.8 % higher than farmer’s practices.

Genetic Variability in Fusarium Wilt Resistant BC2F1 Lines of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) Variety Githika for Yield and its Related Traits

Yardlong bean is a highly popular and profitable vegetable traditionally cultivated in the humid tropics of Kerala and is an inexpensive source of vegetable protein. Developing sustainable host plant resistance mechanisms, such as using the backcross method to introduce single-gene resistance into susceptible crop varieties, is crucial for reducing losses due to Fusarium wilt. In the present study Thirty-five resistant backcross progenies (BC2F1) of Yardlong Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis (L.) Verdcourt) variety Githika were evaluated for various genetic parameters for yield and its related traits using Completely Randomized Design at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Vellayani, Trivandrum. High phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) were observed for traits such as the number of pods per plant, pod weight, pod yield per plant, crude protein content. High Heritability(H) and High Genetic advance as percent mean (GAM) were observed for traits such as Number of pods per plant, Pod weight, Pod length, Number of seeds per pod, Pod Yield per plant, Crude fibre and Crude protein content. This significantly suggest that additive gene action is predominant in these traits and low reliance by environmental factors on these traits, making such character a good candidate for direct selection. The study helps in assessing genetic variability to identify traits as well as lines with maximum similarity with recurrent parent which could be used for further crop improvement program.