Yield Of Tomato Plants Research Articles

Effect of Combination of Media Cultivation and Varieties Against Against Plant Growth and Yield of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) By Hydroponic Substrates

Effect of Combination and Varieties Growing Media on the Growth and Crop Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) in hydroponic substrate. This study aims to determine the best combination and variety of growing media on growth and yield of tomato plants in hydroponic substrate. Research conducted at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Syiah Kuala, which lasted from January to May 2014. This study used a randomized block design 3 x 3 factorial design with three replications. This study consisted of two factors, the first factor is the combination of growing media consisting of a combination of sand + rice husk, sand + sawdust, sand + coconut coir. The second factor is composed of tomato varieties Hybrid varieties (Peto-seed), Superior (Ratna) and Local (Ground). Parameters measured were plant height and trunk diameter respectively at 15, 30, and 45 days after plant (HST), the number of flower planting age of 60, 67, 74, 81 and 88 days after planting, as well as the number of total fruit and total weight of the fruit planting. The results showed that growing media very significant effect on the diameter of the stem ages of 15 and 30 DAT, the number of flower planting age of 60, 67, 74, 81 and 88 days after planting, the number of total fruit crop and the weight of total fruit crop, significantly affected plant height age 15 and 30 DAT, and diameter at base age 45 HST. But no real effect on the plant height age of 45 HST. The growth and yield of tomato plants best seen in medium sand + husk. Varieties very significant effect on the amount of interest the age of 67 and 81 days after planting, the total number of fruit crops and fruit weight total crop. But no real effect on plant height and diameter at base age of 15, 30 and 45 days after planting. Growth and yield of tomato plants best seen in hybrid varieties (Peto-sedd). There is a very real interaction between the growing media and varieties of the total number of fruit crops and no real effect on other variables. Best interaction that combined treatment of the planting medium sand + rice husk and hybrid varieties (Peto-sedd).Keywords: tomatoes, Growing Media, varieties, hydroponic substrate.

Обґрунтування критичних періодів росту помідора за різних способів поливу на основі аналізу ростової функції

Specifying the degree of dependency of variability of growth plant indexes on crop productivity is an urgent task which enables to determine the optimum parameters of the regulatory factors that facilitate to increase the productivity when efficiently using resources. The aim of the study was to make a mathematical model that describes the growth for tomatoes, and based on its analysis, specify critical growth phases, duration of critical periods when using different irrigation methods, and determine the degree of impact of growth indexes varying in critical growth phases on the yield of tomato plants. The growth processes were simulated using the B. Gompertzian function based on the dynamics of leaf-area duration obtained during the study of different irrigation methods in the period of 1993-2010 years at the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS of Ukraine. The calculations of the duration of critical periods have shown that it is within the 31st day and doesn’t significantly differ by the irrigation methods. The maximum growth rates of leaf apparatus can be observed when using drip irrigation in 52 days starting from the beginning of vegetation, that is 8,7-19,1% higher than for the options with typical irrigation or micro irrigation. Accordingly, the yield when using drip irrigation is 12,8-17,9% higher when compared to the other irrigation methods. Based on the correlation and regression analysis it has been determined a close dependence between the growth rates of leaf apparatus in the critical phases of growth and productivity, which shows that in 92% of cases the variability of growth plant indexes of tomato plants in critical periods of growth is the reason of yield varying.

Effect of humic, fulvic acid and calcium foliar application on growth and yield of tomato plants

Effect of humic, fulvic acid and calcium foliar application on growth and yield of tomato plants

Effects of different levels of water stress on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities of greenhouse tomato

Two greenhouse experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effects of different levels of water stress on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, and yield of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Jinfen 2). Four levels of soil water content were used: control (75 to 80% of field water capacity), mild water stress (55 to 60%), moderate water stress (45 to 50%), and severe water stress (35 to 40%). The controlled irrigation was initiated from the third leaf stage until maturity. The results of two-year trials indicated that the stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate, light-saturated photosynthetic rate, and saturation radiation decreased generally under all levels of water stress during all developmental stages, while compensation radiation and dark respiration rate increased generally. Water stress also declined maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, electron transfer rate, and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, while nonphotochemical quenching increased in all developmental stages. All levels of water stress also caused a marked reduction of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content in all developmental stages, while activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, and lipid peroxidation increased.

Comparison of Vermicompost and Cow Manure Efficiency on the Growth and Yield of Tomato Plant

Results: The analysis of the variance results revealed that the effect of the type and amount of fertilizers on tomato yield was significant at 1% level. The results of this study showed that using the vermicompost dosage to cow manure of 500 g/m 2 could significantly increase the tomato yield. Conclusions: The vermicompost as a potential source of plant nutrients for sustainable tomato production can reduce health and environmental problems.

Biodegradation of Garden Waste, Market Waste Using Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugenia and Assessment of Manure Quality on Tomato

Comparative study was performed to evaluate the vermicomposting efficiency of two earthworm species Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus eugenia from the garden wastes, vegetable market wastes. Three different experimental works were conducted. For each experiment three plastic vermibins were used. Experiment (1) mentioned for control without earthworms. Experiment (2) bedded with Eudrilus eugenia, Experiment (3) comprised of bedding with Eisenia fetida. Pre composting was allowed for 10 days after that Eudrilus eugenia, Eisenia fetida were added in respective vermibins. The multiplication of earthworms in terms of number was calculated at the end of vermicomposting. The N, P, K value of the manure in each vermibin was estimated before and after the completion of the experiment. High N, P, K value was obtained in Experiment (2) and Experiment (3) compared to control. Among the solid wastes, the vegetable wastes were degraded quickly by Eudrilus eugenia and also it has the best quality of manure. Eudrilus eugenia was found to be efficient for quick degradation of both garden wastes and vegetable wastes. After manure production, field trials were conducted using different fertilizers to assess the manure quality in the growth and yield of tomato plants. Six types of experimental trial pots were prepared where one was kept as control and five others were treated with different category of fertilizers. The treatment pots (P3) showed better growth parameters (leaf numbers, stem diameter, plant height) than the rest of the trial.

Optimal design of flow rate in drip irrigation system to enhance the tomato cultivation

Tomato is the second most important vegetable crop next to potato. As far as conservation of soil and water is concerned, drip irrigation offers the most practical and effective alternative to regular surface irrigation among all the irrigation technique known today in the world. Researchers throughout the world are kin to obtain the optimal flow rate through drip irrigation for overall development of crop. In this study, attempt has been made to analysis the growth rate and yield of tomato plant at various flow rate of drip irrigation, and to determine the effect of fertigation through drip irrigation on growth and yield of tomato. In this study “Samartha F1 hybrid” variety of tomato seed was selected and cultivated over the farm size of 6×5 m2. The selected farm area was divided into two sections i.e. fertigation section and non-fertigation section. Three rows having ten plants in each row was transplanted in both sections. Growth of tomato plants in term of height and canopy was measured and compared with different flow rates. The average increment in the height of tomato plants at flow rate of 2 L/hr, 4 L/hr and 8 L/hr were estimated as 68%, 60% and 52% respectively. Yield of tomato in terms of fruits was estimated for three different flow rates of 2 L/hr, 4 L/hr and 8 L/hr. The yield of tomato is optimal when drip irrigation with 2 litres per second has been used for irrigating the farm land. Significant effect of fertigation through drip irrigation has been found on growth and yield of tomato plants.

Efficacy of Leaf Extract of Drumstick Tree (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) On The Growth of Local Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

A field study was conducted on the growth of tomato plants with leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera. Different concentrations of the crude extract measured for treatments: A 20%, B 40%, C 60%, D 80%, and E with 100%. In the treatments used, l00ml of distilled water was sprayed at the stem base of the plant labeled F which served as control. Four (4) parameters were determined at each week of the experiment i.e. plant height (PH), number of leaves (NL), number of branches (NB) and number of flowers (NF) at five (5) different times. A corresponding increase appeared in the study area. Treatments D (80g/20ml), C (60g/40m1) B (40g/60ml) and an average plant height, A (20g/80ml). Control was found to have the least of all the growth parameters with an average plant height, leaves number, number of branches and number of flowers of 18.8, 51.0, 9.1 and 1.6. This indicates that, the Moringa leaf extract used significantly increased the growth and yield of tomato plants in all the trials with erect stemming, fresh leaves, regular branching and healthy fruits and regular flowering.

Comparative efficacy of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in combination with bioformulated Paecilomyces lilacinus against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in two Ultisols of South-eastern Nigeria

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of five arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination with bioformulated Paecilomyces lilacinus (PL Gold™) against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato in two Ultisols in Nigeria. Root galling and egg production were higher in Calabar than Nsukka Ultisols. P. lilacinus application did not inhibit tomato root colonisation by any of the AMF. Double application of PL Gold™ in combination with Glomus etunicatum caused a significant change in the susceptibility of the tomato cultivar with a gall index (GI) =4.00 to (GI=2.00) in Nsukka Ultisol, while a similar result was obtained with Glomus mosseae, G. deserticola and G. etunicatum in Calabar Ultisols (GI=2.33). Application of both biocontrol agents significantly (P≤0.05) enhanced growth and yield of tomato plants. The highest fresh fruit yield was obtained in Calabar soil when Gi. gigantea was combined with double application of the bionematicide while the same result was obtained with G. deserticola in Nsukka soil.

Water use efficiency, biomass production, nitrogen and potassium uptake and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Ratan) Planta grown under surface drip and flood irrigation

An experiment was conducted in wooden boxes to evaluate water use efficiency, biomass production, nitrogen and potassium uptake and yield of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) grown under flood irrigation (FI) and surface drip irrigation (SDI). Leaf area, leaf area index, biomass production and yield of tomato plants were significantly (P<0.05) higher in SDI than FI treatment. Biomass production (g/plant) was 53.3 and 42.2 and yield of tomato (kg/plant) was 1.27 and 0.99 in SDI and FI treatments, respectively. Surface drip irrigation increased water use efficiency (Kgm-3) of tomato plants by two fold (37.88) compared to flood irrigation ( 19.88). Significantly (P<0.05) higher concentrations of nitrogen in leaf (3.22%) and stem (2.62 %) were measured for tomato plants grown under SDI than FI (2.63 and 2.19 %). Potassium concentrations on the other hand, showed no significant differences. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v38i2.15611 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 38(2): 207-215, December 2012

Effect of foliar application of different mixtures of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on growth and yield of tomato plant grown in desert region /Basrah

Effect of foliar application of different mixtures of chemical fertilizers and pesticides on growth and yield of tomato plant grown in desert region /Basrah

The Effect of Constraining the Intensity of Solar Radiation on the Photosynthesis, Growth, Yield and Product Quality of Tomato

AbstractRecent studies propose the combination of electrical energy and plant production, in which often only radiation peaks were used for energy production. Then, the effect on plant growth is assumed to be negligible. However, photosynthesis is known to be a monotonically increasing function of radiation. We studied the response of tomato to constraining the intensity of solar radiation. Tomato crops in greenhouse compartments were shaded when the outside photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) exceeded 640 and 1280 μmol m−2 s−1, resulting in a 57 % and 34 % reduction in the PPFD integral over the growing period compared to the non‐shaded control. Constraining the intensity of solar radiation significantly reduced photosynthesis, growth and yield of tomato plants. Model‐derived estimates of reduction in crop dry matter increment were 50 % and 28 % for the strongly and moderately PPFD constrained crops. However, measured plant dry matter increment decreased only by 31 % and 19 %, respectively, that is, light use efficiency increased markedly. This indicates a strong adaptation of the plant's metabolism to cope with the limitation in light availability such as increasing the specific leaf area and reducing respiration. Surprisingly, this was only of little concern to the fruit quality, because no effect of constraining PPFD on the concentration of total dry matter, sugars and lycopene in the fruits could be observed. The concentration of titratable acids was significantly increased, however, when constraining PPFD, while ß‐carotene was slightly decreased. When combining plant and energy production, yield reductions in systems that reduce the supply of solar radiation to crops only at high irradiances will be less considerable than in systems that permanently shade the crop. However, yield losses in tomato production remain significant in both system types.

Use of Organic Enrichment as Additives in Coconut Coir Dust on Development of Tomato in Soilless Culture

ABSTRACT Amendment of empty fruit bunch (EFB) and vermicompost (VC) in coconut coir dust (CD) has been promoted as a potential alternate media in soilless culture. However, in commercial overview, several problems can be seen in the use of amendment with coconut coir dust as a growth media. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EFB and VC as organic amendment (10%–40%; v/v) on the growth and yield of tomato plant in CD media. Six treatments were used with five replications. A 100% CD with nutrient solution (electrical conductivity [EC] = 2.5 mS · cm−1) was used as control treatment. The other treatments were 30 EFB, 10, 20, 30, and 40% VC, which were equivalent to half strength of the nutrients supplied in control. The results showed that plants grown in CD with 20% VC had higher vegetative growth and yield.

換気窓開放時の大規模温室でのCO<sub>2</sub>施用がトマトの成長および収量に及ぼす影響

換気窓開放時の大規模温室でのCO<sub>2</sub>施用がトマトの成長および収量に及ぼす影響

EFFECTIVENESS OF MULCHING PLASTIC FILM TO CONTROL CORKY ROT AND SOME VIRUSES OF TOMATO

We report the results obtained from an experimentation in open field to control both corky rot and some viruses of tomato by use of different mulching films. Experiments were carried out in agricultural areas of Cerignola (FG) using seven plastic films for mulching soil of 'Talent' tomato plants. The plastic films compared were the following: black film, black biodegradable film, silver film, fume film, green FSL film, green translucent film and reflecting with black layer film. During the vegetative cycle, the tomato plants received the ordinary agricultural cure. Visual surveys were carried out weekly in order to evidence plant tissues alterations. Foliar samples from each treatment were taken and subjected to analyses to ascertain viruses presence (CMV, TSWV, PZSV, EMDV and TYLCV). At the end of the agricultural cycle, all plants were pulled out, and in laboratory their roots subjected to visual and mycological analyses. Yield of tomato plants differently mulched was considered such as quality indicator. Results obtained from molecular analyses showed occurring TSWV and CMV infections on 30% plants mulched with green translucent film. While, TSWV infections were observed with percentages of plants from 20 to 15% from parcels mulched with white biodegradable film, Fume film, green FSL film, black biodegradable film and black film. Rare plants (lower 1%) infected by PZSW or EMDV were observed. Pyrenochaeta lycopersici was the fungal species more frequently isolated from roots showing necrotic symptoms and corky rot. Statistical analyses allowed to evidence significantly that silver and reflecting with black layer films are more efficacious than other mulching films used to control corky rot while, black, black biodegradable, fume, green FSL and green translucent films resulted more efficacious to repel vector of TSWV and CMV.

Effect of deficit irrigation on growth and development of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.)

Differing amounts of water were used to irrigate tomato in order to determine the effect of deficit irrigation on the growth, development and yield of tomato plants. A randomized complete block design with four (4) treatments and three (3) replications was adopted. Treatment one (T1), two (T2), three (T3), and four (T4) were the applications of 100%, 80%, 70%, and 60% of the calculated crop water requirement. Parameters such as leaf area, number of fruits, fruit size and fruit weight per plant, were measured. NPK levels at the start and end of the experiment were also determined. Decline in NPK levels from the start to the end of the experiment were in the order T2 > T1 > T3 > T4. Significant differences were observed in all the parameters determined during the mid season (flowering and fruiting) stages of the plants. In terms of all the parameters measured, at the end of the experiment, growth was in the order T2 > T1 > T3 > T4. This implies that a 20% reduction in the crop water requirement will enable tomato plants grow better. A water reduction of 30% or more will however have a negative effect on growth of tomato.

Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants as Influenced by Nutrient Application Rates with Quantitative Control in Closed Rockwool Cultivation

Growth and Yield of Tomato Plants as Influenced by Nutrient Application Rates with Quantitative Control in Closed Rockwool Cultivation

Kaolin-based particle film technology affects tomato physiology, yield and quality

Environmental stress can affect development and yield of tomato plants. This study was undertaken to investigate the underlying mechanism asserted by kaolin on tomato physiology by evaluating its effect on leaf, canopy and inner fruit temperatures, gas exchange at the leaf and canopy scales, above ground biomass, yield and fruit quality. The study was carried out under field conditions in Southern Italy. Treatments were plants treated with kaolin-based particle film (Surround ® WP) suspension and untreated plants (control). Kaolin application slightly increased leaf and canopy scale temperatures by 1.0 and 0.4 °C, respectively, transpiration rate decreased at both scales. On calm days (wind speed <0.5 m s −1) with a prevalently clear sky at midday, inner fruit temperature ( t f) of kaolin-treated plants was 4.4 °C lower than the t f of control plants, while in days with clear sky-windy, and cloudy-calm, the t f did not differ. At leaf scale, net assimilation was reduced by 26% in kaolin-coated treatments. Stomatal conductance decreased by 53%, resulting in reductions of 34 and 15% in transpiration and internal CO 2 concentration, respectively. Gas exchange parameters measured at canopy scale were similarly affected. In kaolin-treated plants, assimilation and evapotranspiration rates were reduced by 17 and 20%, respectively, while dark respiration was not affected. Above ground dry biomass decreased by 6.4%. Marketable yield in kaolin-treated plants was 21% higher than those measured in control plants; this is possibly related to the 96 and 79% reduction in sunburned fruit and those damaged by insects, respectively, and to the 9% increase in mean fruit weight. Kaolin treatment increased lycopene fruit content by 16%, but did not affect total soluble solids content, fruit dry matter, juice pH, titratable acidity or tomato fruit firmness. The use of kaolin-based particle film technology would be an effective tool to alleviate heat stress and to reduce water stress in tomato production under arid and semi-arid conditions.

Grafting tomato plant on tobacco plant and its effect on tomato plant yield and nicotine content

AbstractBACKGROUND:Two different tomato scions, cv. Elazig and cv. Sweet (cherry) (Solanum lycopersicumL.) were self‐grafted and grafted onto tobacco root stock (Nicotiana tobacumL.). Then, grafted tomato plants were evaluated in terms of flower and fruit yield. Tobacco‐grafted tomato plant fruits were also evaluated for nicotine content.RESULTS:Tobacco grafting had a positive effect on the tomato plant cultivation performance; the onset of flowering was almost 15 days earlier and the tomato flower and fruit yields increased in both tomato cultivars. Tobacco grafting resulted in 5.0% and 30.1% increase in total fruit weight for cv. Sweet and cv. Elazig, respectively. Because the level of nicotine was within acceptable ranges, tobacco‐grafted tomato fruits were considered to be safe for consumption. Self‐grafted tomato cultivars also had flowering time onsets almost 11 days earlier. However, self‐grafting caused 6.0% and 7.6% less total fruit yield per cv. Sweet and cv. Elazig, respectively.CONCLUSION:In conclusion, our results show that tomato–tobacco grafting is a novel and promising technique for improvement of not only tomato plant performance and yield, but also that it can be employed to various tomato varieties. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry

Effects of plastic mulches on root zone temperature and on the manifestation of tomato spotted wilt symptoms and yield of tomato

Tomato spotted wilt (TSW) disease is a serious constraint to tomato production in various regions of the world. The effect of TSW on tomato yield is largely influenced by time of infection. Early infection usually results in severe stunting of the seedling and even death of the plant. Plastic film mulches affect both the incidence of TSW, and plant growth and yield of tomato. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of root zone temperature (RZT) as affected by plastic film mulch on the manifestation of symptoms of TSW, and growth and yield of tomato plants either artificially inoculated with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) or under natural TSW infection. In artificially inoculated plants as well as in plants under natural TSW infection, vegetative top fresh weight (FW) and fruit FW both increased with the length of time after transplanting that the plants remained free from TSW symptoms. The root zone temperature was highest under black mulch (seasonal mean = 27.5 °C), followed by gray (27.0 °C), silver (25.8 °C), and white (24.8 °C) mulches. The plants grown on black mulch showed the earliest appearance of TSW symptoms, and had significantly reduced vegetative growth and fruit yields compared to plants on the other mulches. In conclusion, utilization of plastic mulches that created conditions of high RZT stress resulted in reduced plant growth and yield and predisposed the plants to earlier expression of TSW symptoms compared to plants grown at RZTs more favorable to tomato plant growth (optimal RZT = 26.1 °C [Díaz-Pérez, J.C., Batal, K.D., Granberry, D., Bertrand, D., Giddings, D., Pappu, H., 2003. Vegetative top growth and yield of tomato grown on plastic film mulches as affected by the appearance of symptoms of Tomato spotted wilt virus. HortScience 38, 395–399]). Since these plant responses to TSW under heat stress occurred in artificially inoculated plants as well as in plants under natural TSW infection, high RZTs probably affected the plants directly, independently of any possible effects on the thrips vectors.