Peanut Crop Yield Research Articles

Produtividade da cultura do amendoim sob irrigação plena e deficitária na fase reprodutiva

ABSTRACT Peanut cultivation has national and global significance in agriculture and industry. Under water-limited conditions, its yield decreases to the extent that it compromises the success of the exploitation. This study focused on evaluating peanut crop yield and production components under full and deficit irrigation applied in the reproductive phase, to determine the impact of water supply on the yield of peanuts grown in the off-season in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The experiment was conducted for two years and followed a randomized blocks design with five irrigation levels distributed in strips, with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of crop evapotranspiration replenishments from 100 to 10%. In the first year, under suitable temperatures, the maximum yield reached 3,922 kg ha-1 with the application of 277 mm of irrigation depth and decreased up to 35% with the lowest irrigation depth (48 mm). In the second year, suboptimal temperatures caused a delay in the growing cycle and caused a 33% reduction in crop yields. Despite the potential benefits of deficit irrigation in increasing water productivity, low temperatures pose a risk to peanut yield, especially during the off-season crop in the region.

The combined effect of biochar and organic fertilizer (goat manure) on the growth and yield of peanut crop (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Sandy soils suffer from many problems with physical and chemical properties as well as low productivity of cultivated crops. Biochar and organic fertilizer have been used in agriculture to improve soil fertility, enhance crop productivity, and sequester carbon in the soil. A study was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar (B) from woody materials and gout manure (GM) on the growth and yield of peanut crops (Arachis hypogaea L.) in sandy soil. The experiment was in a randomized complete block design RCBD with three replicates. The treatments were controlled, 10 t ha-1 GM, 2 % B + 10 t ha-1 GM, and 5 % B + 10 t ha-1 GM. The result showed that the addition of 2 % B + 10 t ha-1 GM increased peanut yield by 50 % while the addition of 5 % B + GM 10 t ha-1 increased peanut yield by 82 %. Without biochar, goat manure had yield increases by 25 % compared to a control. Overall, our findings demonstrate that biochar-goat manure combinations have a better performance than GM alone, in terms of yield and plant growth. For future research, we tend to determine the optimal combination of biochar and goat manure for peanut production.

Yield modeling with Aquacrop-FAO in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), Ecuador

The peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crop is a grain legume of great importance in arid and semi-arid regions, during the course of the years the increasing climatic variability has caused climatic variations that have affected agricultural performance, and the Aquacrop model emerges as one of the first options for the potential evaluation of crop yield, offering a relatively economical alternative to field trials which are time-consuming and often costly. Given the above, a field trial was carried out to evaluate and calibrate peanut crop yield using the Aquacrop software as the main tool in the decision-making process. The results showed that the performance of the model was good when simulating canopy cover (%) and biomass (t ha-1) (n RMSE= 1.10% and 4.41 t ha-1, respectively). On the other hand, the model did not overestimate the evapotranspiration values; in general, the model performed well for the CC and accumulated biomass simulations, thus showing a great potential to simulate these variables, however, it is necessary to continue testing the model's response to different climates and soils of the region.

EFFECT OF PLANTING DISTANCE AND PRODUCTION OF PEANUT (Arachis hypogea L) SUBJECTED WITH ORANGE PLANTS IN KEPPO VILLAGE,

This study aims to find out the influence of planting distance on the growth and yield of peanut crops and optimal planting distances that can increase peanut growth. This research was conducted in Keppo Village of Pamekasan District Galis District November 2021 - January 2022. The research design uses a RandomIzed Group Design (RAK) which consists of 5 types of planting systems with 4 repeats so that there are 20 plots of treatment. Data that has been obtained using diversity analysis (ujiF) with a 5%. If you get a real influence, then continue to use BNT (Small Difference) with a 5% The results showed that the influence of the planting distance of peanuts that are superimposed with citrus plants has a noticeable influence on variable number of pods, weight of land pods, weight of 100 pods and crop yield perhektar. The most optimal peanut planting distance of all treatments is JT 3 (40 x 20 cm).

The Effect of Top G2 Liquid Organic Fertilizer and SP-36 Fertilizer on Peanut Plant Growth and Yield

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of the administration of Top G2 liquid organic fertilizer and SP-36 fertilizer on peanut crop yields, to know the dose of SP-36 fertilizer and Top G2 liquid organic fertilizer that can produce the best peanut crop results and to know the interaction of liquid organic fertilizer Top G2 and SP-36 fertilizer in improving the yield of peanut crops. The design used in this study is a Randomized Group Design (RGD) factorial pattern. This treatment consists of two factors: First Factor: Concentration of POC Top G2 consisting of OC0: No POC Top G2, OC1: POC Top G2 4 cc ltr air-1petak-1 OC2: POC Top G2 8 cc ltr water-1Swath-1; The second factor: Fertilizer Dose P (SP36) consists of P0: Without SP36 fertilizer; P1: 300 kg ha-1; Q2: 400 kg ha-1. The results showed that the administration of g2 top liquid organic fertilizer with a concentration of 8 cc ltr water-1 produced the highest plant height of 20.75 cm tan-1, the number of leaves 27.36 strands of tan-1, the number of pods 39.89 tan-1 and the harvest index 0.326. The interaction of g2 top liquid organic fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer increases the weight of dried seeds harvesting crops, i.e. in the treatment of liquid fertilizer concentration top G2 8 cc ltr water-1 plot-1 with a seed weight of 235 g tan-1. Cultivation of peanut crops should use liquid organic fertilizer top G2 concentration eight cc tr water-1 tile-1 and need further research using higher concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer top G2 to see the optimum needs of peanut crops.

Analisis Laju Perkecambahan Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea (L.) Merr.) yang Diberikan Kombinasi Perlakuan Suhu dan Lama Perendaman Asap Cair (Liquid Smoke)

The research aims to get to analyze the effect of temperature and liquid smoke soaking combination on the velocity of peanut germination. Parameters measure were; Mean Germinatin Time (MGT), Mean Germinatin Rate (MGR), Final Germintaion Percentage (GT), Coefficient Velocity Of Germination (CVG), Germination Rate Index (GRI). The treatment combinations used were temperature 250C (1), 300C (2), 350C (3) dan 400C (4) and liquid smoke in which the seeds were soaked for 1 hour (a), 2 hours (b) and 3 hours (c). This resulted in 12 treatment combinations. Results showed that the best treatments were control 1 (K0 250C), control 4 (K0 400C) and 4a (K1 400C), with germination velocity as folows: 1.67 cm.day-1, 1.50 cm.day-1 and 2.00 cm.day-1 respectively . However, it is recommended to use soaking in liquid smoke for an hour (1a) in order to further initiate germination development that could hopefully lead to a much higher peanut crop yield during cultivation.

Effect of Tithonia Compost (Tithonia diversifolia) and Phosphorus On The Growth and Yield of Peanuts

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of phosphorus dosage and tithonia compost on the growth and of peanut.The research had been conducted fromNovember 2017 to March 2018atBentiring Permai Village, Muara Bangkahulu Sub-District, Bengkulu City, Indonesiaat ± 10 m above sea level using Completely Randomized Block Design, two factors. The experiment was replicated three times. The first factor was tithonia compost with 2 treatment levels namely 0 ton ha-1 (control)and 20 ton ha-1. The second factor was dosage of phosphorus(SP-36)with 4 treatment levels, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1.The results showed no interaction between compost and phosphorus dosage treatment on the growth and yield of peanut crops. Tithonia compost at 20 ton ha-1 increase the growth and yield of peanut crop. Application of tithonia compost paitanat 20 ton ha-1 resulted in higher increase plant height, crop dry weight, pod weightand yield of peanut53%, 58%, 67% and 71% respectively, compared to that of control plants (not compost). Phosphorus dosage had no significant effect on the growth and yield of peanut.Keywords: Peanut, Tithonia compost, Phosphorus

Plant density and peanut crop yield (Arachis hypogaea) in the peanut growing region of Córdoba (Argentina)

Plant density and peanut crop yield (Arachis hypogaea) in the peanut growing region of Córdoba (Argentina)

THE IMPACT OF ENDOPHYTE BACTERIA APPLICATIONS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEANUT (Arachis hypogeae L.)

The purpose of this research was to find out the impact of endophyte bacteria applications on the growth and yield of peanut crops. The research was conducted at Jl. Pahlawan No.55 C, Pasuruan with altitude of ± 14 m asl with an average temperature of 29oC - 34oC in April-July 2017. This research used Randomized Completely Block Design with the treatment of endophyte bacteria dose consists of four level that is: A 0 = without endophyte bacteria, A 1 = endophyte bacteria 10 ml, A 2 = endophyte bacteria 20 ml and A 3 = endophyte bacteria 30 ml. This research was conducted that the endophyte bacteria 20 ml in peanuts that is able to deliver growth and yield on all parameters of observation. The highest production was in endophyte bacteria 20 ml which 65,52 g plot -1 , followed by endophyte bacteria 10 ml which produce 35,93 g plot -1 , then 30 ml endophyte bacteria which produce 26,74 g plot -1 and without endophytic bacteria giving the lowest yield which produce 16,38 g plot -1 .

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kacang Tanah Pada Aplikasi Biochar Bambu

This study aims to determine the effect of bamboo biochar dose on the growth and yield of peanut crops. This study used a randomized block design with one factor. The tested treatments were dosage of biochar fertilizer with 4 dosage levels and one treatment without biochar dose (control), with the treatment arrangement as follows: without biochar, 4 ton ha-1, 8 ton ha-1, 12 ton ha-1, 16 ton ha-1. This treatment was repeated 3 times to obtain 15 plot experiments. The results showed that the biochar dose treatment had significant effect on all observed variables, except the variable of plant height and maximum number of leaves per plant had no significant effect. The highest yield of dry seed oven of seeds per plant was obtained in the dosage of 4 ton ha-1 biochar dose of 21.83 g, an increase of 111.81% compared with no biochar 10.33 g. Based on regression analysis, the optimum dosage of biochar is 7.50 ton ha-1, with dry weight of oven seed per plant maximum 19.03 g.

Comparative leaf proteomics of drought-tolerant and -susceptible peanut in response to water stress

Water stress (WS) predisposes peanut plants to fungal infection resulting in pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination. Major changes during water stress including oxidative stress, lead to destruction of photosynthetic apparatus and other macromolecules within cells. Two peanut cultivars with diverse drought tolerance characteristics were subjected to WS, and their leaf proteome was compared using two-dimensional electrophoresis complemented with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Ninety-six protein spots were differentially abundant to water stress in both cultivars that corresponded to 60 non-redundant proteins. Protein interaction prediction analysis suggests that 42 unique proteins showed interactions in tolerant cultivar while 20 showed interactions in the susceptible cultivar, activating other proteins in directed system response networks. Four proteins: glutamine ammonia ligase, chitin class II, actin isoform B, and beta tubulin, involved in metabolism, defense and cellular biogenesis, are unique in tolerant cultivar and showed positive interactions with other proteins. In addition, four proteins: serine/threonine protein phosphate PP1, choline monooxygenase, peroxidase 43, and SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit beta-2, that play a role as cryoprotectants through signal transduction, were induced in drought tolerant cultivar following WS. Eleven interologs of these proteins were found in Arabidopsis interacting with several proteins and it is believed that similar mechanisms/pathways exist in peanut. SignificancePeanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are a major source of plant protein grown in subtropical and tropical regions of the world. Pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination is a major problem that affects peanut crop yield and food safety. Poor understanding of molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with aflatoxin resistance is largely responsible for the lack of progress in elucidating a process/methodology for reducing aflatoxin contamination in peanuts. Drought perturbs the invasion of the aflatoxin producing fungus and thus affects the quality and yield of peanut. Therefore, more studies involving the effects of drought stress to determine the molecular changes will enhance our understanding of the key metabolic pathways involved in the combined stresses. The changes associated with the biotic and abiotic interactions within the peanut will be used to determine the metabolic pathways involved in the stress tolerance. This research would be beneficial in identifying the tolerant molecular signatures and promoting food safety and consumer health through breeding superior quality peanut cultivars.

Assessment of Different Irrigation Levels on Peanut Crop Yield and Quality Components under Mediterranean Conditions

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine the effect of regular deficit drip irrigation strategies on growth, yield, and yield components, as well as water use efficiency (WUE) under Mediterranean conditions. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea cv. NC-7) crops were grown in the seasons of 2013 and 2014. Irrigation water applications were 0 (I0), 25% (I25), 50% (I50), 75% (I75), 100% (I100), and 125% (I125) based on cumulative evaporation (Epan) measured in a Class A pan. Different irrigation levels applied have statistically significant effects on yield components such as plant height, primary branch length and number, dry shoot and root weight, number of pods, and 100-seed weight. In both years, water stress significantly decreased linoleic acid, protein, and oil content, although it increased oleic acid. The I100 irrigation treatment produced the highest protein value (32.5% in 2013 and 32.7% in 2014), whereas I0 yielded the lowest values (24.6% in 2013 and 25.9% in 2014). The maximum seed yield was obtained...

Promotion of Peanut Growth by Co-inoculation with Selected Strains of Bradyrhizobium and Azospirillum

The ability of inoculated rhizobial strains to increase root nodulation of host legumes often depends on their competitiveness with existing native soil strains. Results of studies to date on rhizobial inoculation for improvement of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production in Argentina have been inconsistent and controversial. In many cases, nodulation and yield of peanut crops have been increased by inoculation of specific rhizobial strains. Native peanut-nodulating strains are generally present in soils of agricultural areas, but their growth-promoting effect is often lower than that of inoculated strains. Many species of the genus Bradyrhizobium interact in a host-specific manner with legume species and form nitrogen-fixing root nodules. Other free-living rhizobacteria such as species of the genus Azospirillum are facultatively capable of interacting with legume roots and promoting plant growth. We evaluated and compared the effects of various single inoculation and co-inoculation treatments on peanut growth parameters in greenhouse and field experiments. In the greenhouse studies, co-inoculation with various Bradyrhizobium strains (native 15A and PC34, and recommended peanut inoculant C145), and Azospirillum brasilense strain Az39 generally resulted in increases in the measured parameters. The growth-promoting effect of 15A was similar to or higher than that of C145. In the field studies, 15A-Az39 co-inoculation had a greater promoting effect on measured growth parameters than did C145-Az39 co-inoculation. Our findings indicate that careful selection of native rhizobacterial strains adapted to peanut soils is useful in strategies for growth promotion, and that 15A in particular is a promising candidate for future inoculant formulation.

Adubação potássica aplicada por fertirrigação e pelo método convencional na cultura do amendoim

Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar doses de potássio aplicadas via fertirrigação por gotejamento e de forma convencional sobre a produtividade do amendoim. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo, em Fortaleza, Ceará. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial com tratamento adicional [(3 x 2) + 1] e quatro repetições, sendo estudados os fatores doses de K (D1 - 25, D2 - 50 e D3 - 100 kg ha-1) e duas formas de aplicação (F1 - Fertirrigada e F2 - Convencional) e um tratamento adicional (controle). Aos 90 dias após a semeadura foi realizada a colheita retirando-se, ao acaso, 5 plantas úteis da linha central de cada tratamento, em cada bloco. As plantas foram separadas por tratamento e acondicionadas em estufa telada por cinco dias para a secagem das vagens. As variáveis avaliadas foram: número de frutos por planta, massa de vagem, produtividade, massa de 100 sementes e tamanho de vargem. A dose de potássio aplicada de forma fertirrigada, que maximizou a produtividade (1.530,68 kg ha-1) da cultura do amendoim foi estimada em 69,39 kg ha-1 de K2O e, se aplicada pelo método convencional, em 65,80 kg de K2O, proporcionaria uma produtividade máxima estimada em 1.092,22 kg ha-1.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterizations of rhizobia isolated from root nodules of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown in Moroccan soils

The phenotypic and genotypic characterization of sixty-two rhizobial isolates obtained from nodules of Arachis hypogaea in north-western Morocco was performed. Their physiological and biochemical properties revealed a great deal of diversity among them. Isolates were classified into two major groups based on the numerical analysis of their phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Isolates in the first group were alkali- and salt-sensitive, slow or extra-slow growers; they did not use disaccharides as carbon source and varied in the use of amino acids. ARDRA analysis of the 16S rDNA region grouped them together with reference strains belonging to the genus Bradyrhizobium. In the second group, isolates were fast growers, acid-sensitive, and alkali- and salt-tolerant; they used both mono and disaccharides as carbon sources, and methionine was the only amino acid they could metabolize as a nitrogen source. ARDRA analysis grouped them with fast-growing reference strains. Both groups exhibited a range of variability in tolerance to heavy metals. The Intergenic Spacer (IGS)-PCR fingerprinting analysis confirmed a high genotypic diversity at the strain level. This characterization provides a basis for the selection of peanut-nodulating rhizobia which may have applications in formulating appropriate inocula for improving peanut crop yield on Moroccan soils, including saline and acidic marginal areas.

Response of Peanut to Fungicide and Phosphorus in On-station and On-farm Tests in Ghana

Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important component of cropping systems in West Africa. Identifying production constraints in farmers' fields and evaluating possible management strategies are of prime importance to improve peanut productivity and adoption of new technologies. The objective of our research was to study the influence of fungicides and phosphorus application on severity of leaf spot, dry matter production and pod yield of peanut crops grown in on-station and farmer participatory tests (on-farm conditions) in Northern Ghana. On-station tests to evaluate yield benefits of fungicide sprays and applications of phosphorus were conducted at Wa. On-station tests included two fungicide treatments (no-spray versus fungicide spray) at four P fertilizer levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P ha−1). On-farm tests were conducted in three villages Nakor, Piisi and Janguasi with participation of 6–11 farmers per village. On-farm tests included three treatments: (i) farmers' practice of no-fungicide and no-fertilizer (control), (ii) only fungicide, and (iii) combination of fungicide and phosphorus. The commonly grown Spanish type cultivar Chinese (90-d duration) was selected. Both leaf spot and lack of phosphorus nutrition were yield-limiting factors in on-farm tests. Applications of fungicide were effective in controlling leaf spot and improved peanut pod yield on average by 49% in the three tested field sites in on-farm tests and by 40% in on-station tests. Application of phosphorus to fungicide-treated plots further increased pod yield by 32% when compared to fungicide alone in on-farm tests. Combination of both fungicide and P fertilizer improved peanut pod yield by 95% (ranged from 75 to 120%), when compared to farmers' practice of no-fungicide and no-fertilizer.

Genetic diversity and symbiotic efficiency of rhizobial isolates obtained from nodules of Arachis hypogaea in northwestern Morocco

The molecular characterization of 62 rhizobial isolates obtained from root-nodules of Arachis hypogaea growing in north-western Morocco was performed. Bacteria were firstly characterized by restriction of the 16S-rDNA region, and phylogeny was inferred from 16S gene sequences. Phylogenetically, isolates were grouped with species belonging to the Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium genera. A high degree of variability was detected among isolates in terms of their nitrogen-fixing ability. This is, to our knowledge, the first study on genetic diversity and symbiotic effectiveness of rhizobia isolated from peanut nodules grown in Morocco. This characterization provides a basis for the selection of peanut-nodulating rhizobia which may have applications in the formulation of appropriate inocula to improve peanut crop yield on Moroccan soils.

Disease assessment methods and their use in simulating growth and yield of peanut crops affected by leafspot disease

SummaryPeanut (Arachis hypogaea) crops in Benin often experience late leafspot (Cercosporidium personatum), which causes severe yield losses associated with leaf defoliation and necrosis. The objective of this research was to determine the best method of disease assessment and to test its utility in the CROPGRO‐peanut model to simulate growth and yield as affected by late leafspot in early and late maturing peanut cultivars grown at different sowing dates under rain‐fed conditions (without irrigation) in northern Benin. Two peanut cultivars TS 32‐1 and 69–101 were sown on three dates between May and August during 1998 and 1999. In both years there was severe occurrence of late leafspot and the progression of disease was earlier and faster with later sowing dates. Overall, the long duration cultivar 69–101 produced greater yield than the short duration cultivar TS 32‐1. The CROPGRO‐peanut model was able to predict and simulate the observed crop and pod dry matter over time when input on percent diseased leaf area and percent defoliation were provided. Of several disease assessments, the best approach was to input measured percent main‐stem defoliation above the fourth node and percent diseased leaf area estimated from visual leafspot score.

Effects of sowing date and fungicide application on yield of early and late maturing peanut cultivars grown under rainfed conditions in Ghana

Late leaf spot is one of the important factors limiting peanut productivity in Ghana. It is essential to demonstrate the extent of yield losses caused by leaf spot and to develop suitable crop management practices. The objectives of this research were to study the effects of time of sowing, cultivar lifecycle, and fungicide sprays on disease incidence, biomass and pod yield of peanut crops grown under rainfed conditions in northern Ghana. Two peanut cultivars, Chinese (90 days duration) and F-mix (120 days duration) were grown for three seasons (1999–2001) at Nyankpala and for two seasons (2000, 2001) at Wa with three sowing dates (early, mid and late, relative to start of rainy season) with (+F) and without (−F) fungicide application. Disease rating, main-stem defoliation, total biomass, pod yield and seed yield were recorded at harvest maturity. Early sowings soon after onset of rains resulted in greater biomass and pod yields compared to late sowing for both cultivars. The long duration cultivar F-mix produced greater yields than short duration cultivar Chinese under both with and without fungicide treated environments. However, incidence and severity of disease, as measured by disease scores and main-stem defoliation at the end of season, were similar in both cultivars. This suggests that the greater yield obtained by the long duration cultivar was not due to disease tolerance or escape but due to its longer growing season. Application of foliar sprays of fungicide was effective in controlling leaf spot and improved peanut biomass and pod yields by 39% and 75%, respectively, when averaged across cultivars and years. Long duration cultivar F-mix, sown early and treated with fungicide under optimum and timely crop management practices, produced 4500–5000 kg ha −1 pod yield over five site years, i.e. more than three to four-fold increase over present average yields in Ghana.

A Computer Simulation Model for Peanut Machinery Management

A computer simulation model was developed to aid peanut producers in selecting machinery complements to achieve preferred operation schedules and increase profit margins. The model incorporates the PNUTGRO crop growth simulation model to determine crop maturity date, average yield on maturity date, and daily soil water content for user-supplied agronomic and weather conditions. The model simulates field operations from land preparation to combining using equipment capacities. Field operation delays due to high soil water conditions have been included in the model. A relationship was developed based on peanut crop yield data from field experiments to adjust the crop yield for early or late harvesting. Fixed costs of each machinery unit are calculated using the user-supplied purchase price and fractional use of the machinery unit for peanut production. The model also calculates operation hours of each machinery unit to determine variable costs. The model outputs include operation schedules, harvested yield, machinery costs, and net returns above machinery costs.