Yield Of Okra Research Articles

Refining trapping protocols for field management of Podagrica spp

Podagrica uniforma Jacoby and P. sjostedti Jac. are two of the most economically important flea beetles associated with okra plants in Africa. Field experiments were conducted in different okra fields (2018–2019) to examine the beetles’ response to colours [black, blue, brown, green, orange, pink, purple, red, white, yellow, and clear (control)] using traps coated with Temmen-Insektenleim adhesive. We also determined the effect of trap size, installation height, position in the field, and time of day on the number of Podagrica spp. captured. Both species of Podagrica exhibited distinct preferences for trap hue and value. Canary yellow [R (253 ± 2), G (249 ± 4) and B (157 ± 2)] attracted more beetles to traps than other colours. A higher number of Podagrica spp. was captured when traps were: placed within an okra field; 22 × 30 cm in size; and installed at 80 cm height relative to other trap attributes. More beetles were trapped between late afternoons to nightfall (14:00–18.00 h) than catches from other periods of the day. Additionally, canary yellow sticky trap reduced over 70% of adult Podagrica spp. infesting early-and late-plant okra relative to the control. Fresh fruit yields of okra from plots with the trap and those treated with cypermethrin (standard check) were not significantly different from each other. We conclude that colour plays an important role in the behavioural responses of Podagrica spp.; the use of canary yellow along with the best trap characteristics identified in this study was effective against the beetles and a safer alternative to synthetic insecticide.

Effect of Pruning on Growth, Fruit Yield, Nutritional Quality, and Nutrient Uptake of Two Okra Varieties (Abelmoschus esculentus)

A field study was conducted at the Research Farm of National Agricultural Extension Research and Liaison Service (NAERLS/ABU), Badeggi zone in Niger State in the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons, respectively, to evaluate the effect of pruning on the growth, fruit yield, nutritional quality and nutrient uptake of okra. The experiment had six treatment combinations: two okra varieties (Blondy and Zaria Local) and three pruning rates (0, 1 stem, two stems) replicated three times. The experiment was fitted into a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Data were collected on several leaves per plant, green fruit yield, nutritional quality, and nutrient uptake. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) using Genstat Discovery Statistical Package. The effective treatment means were separated using Fisher's least significant test (LSD) at a 5% probability level. Pruning is beneficial to the performance of okra. Plants with two-stem pruning produced the highest fruit yield (12.80 t/ha) in 2021, while the control plots had the least values (1.60 t/ha in 2020 and 2021, respectively). Therefore, it could be concluded that two-stem pruning can increase fruit yield, nutritional quality, and nutrient uptake of okra. Blondy performed better than the Zaria local variety and could be recommended for farmers within the study area. Keywords : Blondy okra variety, Fisher’s least significant test, Randomized Complete Block, Design, two-stem pruning, Zaria okra variety

Efficacy of Biochar and NPK Fertilizer on Soil Properties and Yield of Okra (Abelmeschus esculentus L.) in Guinea Savanna Region of Nigeria

The efficacy of biochar and NPK fertilizer on soil properties and yield of okra (Abelmeschus esculentus L.) is the central theme in this study. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used involving four (4) biochar rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 t/ha) and four (4) NPK (20:10:10) fertilizer rates (0, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) arranged factorially in 4 x 4 treatment combinations. Rice husk was used to make biochar since it was readily available and accessible in the study location. soil samples were collected at random locations on the field from two depths (0-15 cm and 15-30 cm) for analysis using standard procedure. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, stem girth, days to 50% flowering, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, the weight of fruits and total yield. The result shows that biochar application at 20t/ha produced the highest plant height (67.75 cm), number of leaves(31.42), number of branches (16.00), stem girth (2.44 cm), number of fruit/plant (72.00), fruit length (14.33 cm), fruit weight (770.17 g) and total yield (855.74 kg/ha). Similarly, NPK at 200 kg/ha gave higher plant height (61.08 cm), number of leaves(26.75), number of fruit/plant (57.00), fruit weight (560.50 g) and total yield (622.78 kg/ha). The combination of 150 kg/ha and 200 kg/ha NPK fertilizer with 20 kg/ha biochar produced the highest yield (938.89 and 934.45 kg/ha) of okra which was at par. It can therefore be recommended that farmers in the study area can use biochar at 20 t/ha and NPK fertilizer at 150 kg/ha for optimum production of the okra plant.

Comparative Assessment of Selected Fruit Peels on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)

This study was carried out to examine the effect of selected fruit peels on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). 10g of ground fruit peels of banana, watermelon, pawpaw, pineapple, plantain, orange was applied to 7 kg of soil and left for 7 days before planting of okra seed. NPK (15:15:15) serves as positive control while groups without fertilizer served as negative control for the study. Each treatment was replicated five times in polythene bags used as pots and watered every three days. The setup was arranged in Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD). Plant height and stem girth were measured while number of leaves were also counted from 1 to 8 Week After Planting. The numbers of days to 50% flowering, pod length and pod diameter were also recorded from 1 to 8 Week After Planting. Data pooled in this study were subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means with statistically significant difference at p<0.05 were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Generally, results across weeks showed statistically significant difference for plant height, number of leaves, stem girth, days to 50% flowering, number of fruit and pod length while only the diameters of fruits did not respond to different nutrient sources. Okra grown with banana and watermelon peels gave the best overall performance which indicates that they contained sufficient nutrients for optimum production of okra. This study clearly indicates that banana and watermelon fruit peels could be used singly or in combination to effectively boost yield of okra.

Estimation of productivity yield gap contributions of climate change variability in selected horticultural crops (fresh maize and okra) in Anambra State, Nigeria

Most horticultural crops are susceptible to climate extremes that affect vegetative growth and yield. Climate variability poses a great threat to food security and the sustainability of the agricultural sector in Nigeria. However, the study estimated the productivity yield gap contributions of climate variability among maize and okra farmers. Data was collected from a cross-section of 160 farmers. Statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, second-order quadratic and linear regression models and Chi-square were utilized to operationalize the study objectives. The study established that high temperature was the highest climate variability (okra - 80.0%, and maize - 78.7%); whereas fug was lowest with 38.3% (okra) and 30.4% (maize). Again, flood contributed to the highest (27.5% - okra, and 36.5% - maize) yield gap. All the climate variability cumulatively explained 6.49 ton/ha (maize) and 3.47 ton/ha (okra) yield gap. However, the farmers are producing 2.26 ton/ha (maize) and 1.70 ton/ha (okra) below their optimal level. For better management, the study revealed that sex, age, education, household size, and cooperative membership are responsible for okra farmers; while age, marital status, and farming experience are responsible for maize farmers’ managerial ability. The study, therefore, concludes that climate variability significantly reduced horticultural crop yield. Howbeit, the study recommends that farmers should be taught to adopt climate-smart agricultural practices.

Effect of Nano Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of nano fertilizer in the growth yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculenthus). The experiment was carried out at the instructional farm of ICAR- Krishi Vigyan Kerndra, Pathanamthitta, Kerala, during the year 2021. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications. Ten different treatments were carried out with different combinations of fertilizers. The result obtained with treatment T2 (Soil application of 50% recommended dose of fertilizers as conventional fertilizer + 50% recommended dose of nano N as foliar application, nano P&K as soil application) was recorded the best among in all combination of conventional fertilizer NPK and nano NPK in term of growth, yield attribute and quality parameters like plant height 120.21 cm, number of leaves per plant 83.99, number of branches per plant 3.62, days to first harvesting 46.97, pod length 12.72cm, pod width 1.65cm, number of pods per plant 29.23, average of pod weight 12.67g, pod yield per plant 370.39g, pod yield per plot 8.89kg, pod yield 131.69q ha-1and TSS 2.930Brix. The highest cost benefit ratio 3.59 was also observed in T2 (Soil application of 50% RDF as conventional fertilizer + 50% recommended dose of nano N as foliar application, nano P&K as soil application).

Seed Quality Parameters as Influenced by Plant Growth Regulators and Fresh Fruit Harvesting in Okra

The research work was conducted to find out the most suitable level of plant growth regulator (PGR) and stage of plant for spray as well as fresh fruit pickings to increase the seed yield of okra. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (factorial) with three replications to at the Vegetable seed production area BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur. Present investigation was framed with Sixty (60) treatments consisting of 10 PGR’s level, P0 (distilled water), GA3 (100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm), NAA (100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm), IAA (30 ppm, 60 ppm and 90 ppm), 2 Stage of plant for spraying of PGRs, S1 (4 leaf stage), S2 (4 leaf stage + Flower initiation) and 3 pickings of fruits, H1 (3 Pickings of fresh fruits + rest fruits left for seed production), H2 (6 Pickings of fresh fruits + rest fruits left for seed production), H3 (No pickings of fresh fruits + all fruits left for seed production. It was observed that the different levels of treatments affected the seed quality attributes of the crops. Among the treatments, P2S1H1 treatment was recorded maximum Germination % (86.36), Seedling length (31.04 cm), Vigour index-I (2787.73), Vigour index-II (5.27) and seed viability test (88.00). Thus, P2S1H1 was superior among all treatments.

Residual Soil Fertility, Nutrient Uptake, and Yield of Okra as Affected by Bioorganic Nutrient Sources

ABSTRACT A two-year experiment was undertaken during kharif seasons of the year 2019 and 2020 to investigate the effect of bioorganic nutrient sources (farmyard manure, vermicompost, jeevamrit, and ghanjeevamrit) and inorganic fertilizers on residual soil fertility, nutrient uptake, and fruit yield of okra in Entisols of Himachal Pradesh. The experiment consisted of nine treatments with varying combinations of nutrient sources. Treatment T3 [jeevamrit application (100% N equivalence) + farmyard manure @ 10 t ha−1] resulted in highest residual soil organic carbon (12.00 g kg−1), culturable microbial count (69.67 cfu g−1 soil × 105), microbial biomass carbon (67.43 mg kg−1) and nitrogen (37.40 mg kg−1) as well as maximum plant-available N (309.3 kg ha−1), P (23.2 kg ha−1), K (187.9 kg ha−1), S (60.3 kg ha−1), Fe (15.55 mg kg−1), Cu (1.92 mg kg−1), Mn (11.73 mg kg−1) and Zn (1.62 mg kg−1) contents. Further, the treatment T6 [jeevamrit application (100% N equivalence) + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1] obtained the greatest value for okra yield (11.95 t ha-1) along with more uptake of macro and micro nutrients by the plants. This superior combination (T6) recorded an increase of 21.3% in yield over T2 (RPMF) as well as the highest net returns (₹ 1,50,258/ha) and B:C ratio (2.69). Thus, it can be inferred that the conjoint use of jeevamrit (100% N equivalence) with farmyard manure or vermicompost is beneficial for improving residual soil fertility, nutrient uptake, and sustainable okra production with 100% net saving of fertilizers.

The Foraging Activity and Pollination Services of Three Stingless Bee Species to Enhance Fruit Quality and Quantity of Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.)

Insect pollination has been reported to have a better yield quality and quantity than artificial pollination. Wild bees, including stingless bees contribute to effective and efficient pollination on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.: Malvaceae). However, previously no report about okra pollination by native Indonesian stingless bees, which can be potential as pollinators. Therefore, this research aims to compare foraging activities of three species of stingless bees (Heterotrigona itama, Tetragonula laeviceps, and T. clypearis) on okra plants and fruits quality and quantity parameters among four pollination treatments (three stingless bee species and without pollinator). Four cages with 50 okra plants were used for pollination treatments. The foraging observation of different stingless bee species on okra was conducted in the cages, and the okra yield from each treatment was compared. Our results showed the foraging activities of three stingless bee species were higher in the morning than those in the afternoon. In the morning, the number of visits of T. clypearis and T. laeviceps were negatively correlated with visit duration. The current study also showed that size and weight of pod, the number of seeds, and the percentage of fruit set of okra were enhanced by pollination of three stingless bee species. Unfortunately, the pollination of stingless bee species did not affect the seed germination and flavonoid content of fruits. The native of Indonesian stingless bees are good pollinators to improve pod quality and quantity.

Effect of vermicompost and liquid bioenhancers on growth, yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculantus L.)

The study was carried out at the vegetable farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan City, Jhalawar during zaid season from March, 2022 to June, 2022 to investigate the “Effect of vermicompost and liquid bioenhancers on growth, yield and quality of okra (Abelmoschus esculantus L.)”. The experiment consisted of three level of vermicompost (0, 2.5 and 5 t/ha) and liquid bioenhancers (Panchagavya and Jeevamrut @ 0, 3, 6% including control) with total of 15 treatments. The experiment was laid out in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. Data were collected on different growth, yield and quality contributing characters of okra.The individual application of V2 (vermicompost @ 5 t/ha) significantly increased the plant height (51.88 cm and 67.59 cm), number of nodes (15.63 and 17.99), number of flower per plant (18.07 and 25.48) at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively, number of fruit per plant (20.12) and crude protein (2.27%), respectively, as compared to control.With the foliar application of B2 (Panchagavya 6%) significant increase in plant height (50.03 cm and 61.80 cm), number of nodes (13.85 and 15.58), number of flower per plant (17.38 and 24.91) at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively, number of fruit per plant (18.86) and crude protein (2.02%), as compared to control.The combined application of V2B2 (VC @ 5 t/ha + Panchagavya 6%) recorded the maximum growth parameters i.e., plant height (52.92 cm and 70.08 cm), number of nodes (17.64 and 19.30), number of flower per plant (18.37 and 25.67) at 60 and 90 DAS, respectively, number of fruit per plant (20.50) and crude protein content (2.57%), as compared to control (V0B0).

Response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) to cow dung compost in central Vietnam

Okra an important vegetable crop is fairly high in vitamins and minerals and is eaten raw and present in everyday dishes of Vietnam. Nowadays, organic farming is a trend which fetches higher value for farmers while is also safe from chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Organic cultivation of okra though cow dung is yet to be explored before adoption. The field experiment was conducted in the winter-spring season of 2020 at Huong An commune, Huong Tra town, Central Vietnam to investigate the effects of levels of compost made from cow dung on the growth, yield of okra plants and soil property. Five different doses of cow dung compost (0, 2, 4. 6, 8 tons/ha) were applied to the soil. Growth, yield components and yield were investigated. The results indicated that cow dung compost had a positive effect on the growth and yield of okra. The application of 6 and 8 tons of cow dung compost recorded the highest pod yields of 6.5 and 6.6 tons/ha, respectively. The soils decomposed with cow dung compost resulted in increased organic matter content thus improving the soil physical and chemical properties. Cow dung compost may be recommended to farmers for organic okra production.

Yield and intercropping indices of sweet corn and okra grown in young rubber plantation

Intercropping is a labor-intensive practice largely adopted by smallholder farmers to increase yield per unit area, cope with crop failures and market fluctuations, meet food preferences and increase farm income. A field experiment was conducted to examine the yield performances and intercropping efficiencies of sweet corn and okra planted in a young rubber plantation. The treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments ratios were 20% okra + 80% sweet corn (strip and strip relay intercropping) with sole okra and sweet corn as the control. This consists of strips intercropping (okra and sweet corn planted on the same date), strip relay intercropping (sweet corn planted 4 weeks after okra planting), sole okra and sole sweet corn. The highest yield of okra was obtained from strip relay intercropping while the highest yield of sweet corn was produced from the pattern of strip intercropping. However, the economic analysis showed that the strip intercropping recorded the maximum gross margin and costbenefit ratio of RM 17,733.20 ha-1 and 2.09, respectively. Immature rubber growth was unaffected by intercropping with sweet corn and okra crops. Strip intercropping not only resulted in the higher land equivalent ratio (1.29), but also area time equivalent ratio, % land saved and monetary advantage index of 1.14, 22.28% and RM 7,583.50 ha-1, respectively compared with strip relay intercropping. The highest assessment of intercropping based on relative crowding coefficient was recorded by strip intercropping with 4.56. With regard to competition between the intercrops, okra was a more dominant species as measured by the positive value of aggressivity. However, strip intercropping was indicated the lowest competitive ratio than the strip relay intercropping. Thus, this intercropping pattern could be recommended to the farmers for adoption.

EFFECT OF COW DUNG ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (Abilmuscus esculentus L.) IN GAYA, KANO STATE, NIGERIA

Field experiment was conducted in 2017 wet season at Kano State University of Science and Technology, Wudil (KUST) research farm at Gaya Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. It was to evaluate the effect of different levels of organic manure (cow dung) on Okra fruit varieties. The treatments consisted of two okra varieties (Clemson and local varieties) and three conducing levels of cow dung (0, 5, and 10 kg/ha). The treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Data were recorded on fruits yield, and growth parameters (Days at 50% flowering, plant height, number of fruits, numbers of leaves, branch numbers, leave area, fruits length, fruit-diameter, fruit-weight and plant leaves number). Results obtained indicated that growth showed that the organic manures influenced the growth performance and yield of okra in the study area. It was suggested that, the use of organic manure (Cow dung) in crop production is desirable as at it has variable impacts on the growth and yield of okra and will improve soil organic matter status in the study area.

Application Effect of Chicken Manure on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

The research of application of chicken manure to growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) was conducted in the experimental farm at the Faculty of Agriculture Andalas University, Limau Manis Padang, from June to September 2017. The location of the study is at an altitude of ± 256 meters above sea level (as this research aim was to find out the best chicken manure dose for the growth and yield of okra treatments. Treatment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. The treatment level is the dose of chicken manure A: 0.0 ton / ha, B: 10 ton / ha, C: 20 ton / ha and D: 30 ton / ha. The data were analyzed using the F test at 5% if of F Calculate > F table then followed by DNMRT test at 5%. The results showed that the application of chicken manure with the dosage of 20 tons/ha had an effect and gave the best result on the number of leaves, the number of branches, the number of fresh pods per plant, the number of fresh pods per plot, the fresh weight of pods per plant, the fresh weight of pods per plant and the fresh weight of pods per hectare.

Effect of foliar application of potassium with aquaculture wastewater on the growth of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in recirculating aquaponic system

A 90-day experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar potassium application with aquaculture wastewater on the growth performance of okra and Pangasianodon hypophthalmus in a media-based recirculating aquaponic system. A completely randomized design (CRD) in triplicates was followed with a fish to plant ratio of 4.7 kg/m3: 6 okra plants per tank. The potassium dosages of 0, 2, 3, 4, and 5 g/L were applied twice a month in control, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. The water quality parameters remained within the favorable limit for aquaponic production. The results showed that the overall growth of okra viz., plant height, leaf number, length, and width was significantly higher in the treatments, particularly in T3 and T4 compared to other treatments and the control. The treatment T4 showed the significantly highest yield (31.26±0.78 g/plant) compared to the control (7.25±1.30 g/plant). The okra yield, pod number per plant, and average weight per pod were significantly influenced by potassium dosage with the highest value observed in T3 (4 g/L) and T4 (5 g/L). The potassium dosage also impacted the branching pattern of okra with the highest number of branches observed in plants sprayed with 4 g/L (T3) and 5 g/L (T4) while control showed no branching. The proximate and mineral composition showed significantly higher crude protein (13.57±0.32%) and potassium content (2306.70±37.76 mg/100 g) in okra pods in T4; while potassium and sulfur content of leaves was found to increase with the increased dosage of potassium application. The fish growth, hematological and antioxidant enzymes parameters showed no significant difference in all the treatments and control. The present study recommends a 5 g/L foliar potassium dosage to enhance okra growth and yield without impairing fish growth performance in okra-P. hypophthalmus aquaponics.

Nutrient Availability and Nutrient Uptake by Crop and Weed as Influenced by Stale Seedbed, Mulching and Mechanical Weeding in Okra

Background: Weeds are the major biological constraint in okra due to its slow initial growth and wider row spacing. Due to severe crop weed competition, weeds removed considerable amount of nutrients from the soil. Competition exists between the crop and weed for nutrients results in nutrient deficiencies in crop. Hence the present experiment is formulated to assess the effect of stale seedbed, mulching and mechanical weeding on nutrient availability, nutrient uptake by crop and weed in okra. Methods: Experiment was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala during Rabi 2020-21. Design adopted for the study was RBD with two factors. The first factor was seedbed preparation (S) and the second factor was weed management (W). Stale seedbed (S1) and normal seedbed (S2) were the two different seedbed preparation methods and dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 alone (W1), dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 fb wheel hoe weeding at 30 and 45 DAS (W2), dried banana leaf mulch @10 t ha-1 fb hand weeding at 30 and 45 DAS (W3), wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W4), hand weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (W5) and weedy check (W6) were the six different weed management options tried. Soil samples were collected after the harvest of the crop to determine the nutrient availability. Weed samples at 30 and 60 DAS and plant samples at harvest were analyzed to determine the NPK content and respective uptake of nutrients were calculated by multiplying the nutrient content with DMP. Result: Stale seedbed significantly enhanced the dry matter production and nutrient uptake by okra at harvest and lowered the nutrient removal by weeds at 30 and 60 DAS. Compared to non-stale, stale seedbed recorded significantly higher fruit yield. Among the weed management, wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, recorded the lowest total weed dry weight at 30 and 60 DAS and resulted in the highest NPK uptake by crop and fruit yield. Uncontrolled weed growth resulted in a loss of 81.33, 18.16 and 50.84 kg N:P:K ha-1 at 30 DAS and 102.09, 57.90 and 55.31 kg N:P:K ha-1 at 60 DAS, respectively. Nutrient removal by weeds was the lowest in wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS and the highest in weedy check. It could be concluded that, wheel hoe weeding at 15, 30 and 45 DAS was the best option for the management of weeds, higher nutrient availability and uptake and yield in okra.

Estimation of crop evapotranspiration of Okra using drainage Lysimeters under dry season conditions

Water scarcity is a major constraint to dry season vegetable production in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and fresh pod weight (FPW) of okra were determined over two cropping seasons for water management in dry season irrigated farming. Two commonly grown okra varieties (NH47–4 and UI4–30) in Nigeria were investigated under three reference evapotranspiration (ETo) rates (High: ETo-H, Medium: ETo−M and Low: ETo-L) in a 2 × 3 factorial experiment using drainage lysimeters. The average ETc of UI4–30 (2.46 mm day−1) and NH47–4 (2.39 mm day−1) did not differ significantly and ranged from 1.00 mm day−1 (ETo-L) to 3.97 mm day−1 (ETo-H) and 1.04 mm day−1 (ETo−M) to 3.62 mm day−1 (ETo-H), respectively. Okra ETc was in the order: 2.89 mm day−1 (ETo-H) > 2.33 mm day−1 (ETo−M) > 2.04 mm day−1 (ETo-L). Average okra FPW over two cropping seasons was higher by 13.0% in UI4–30 than NH47–4, and had the largest strong positive correlation with ETc (r = 0.905*). UI4–30 appears superior to NH47–4 in efficient water use for high yield production, while high okra yield production during dry seasons might require a variety with high crop evapotranspiration.

PENGUJIAN AIR LINDI TPA SAMPAH KOTA PALANGKA RAYA SEBAGAI PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR PADA TANAMAN OKRA

Okra Plant (AbelmoschusesculentusL. Moench) is a type of vegetable that is in high demand in Indonesia. Okra Fruit is not only known as vegetable but also known as a functional food because it contains fiber and secondary metabolites in the form of phenolic compound and flavonoid which are antioxidants which are useful for health. Okra plants can grow in a variety of soil types. One type of soil that can be found in the city of PalangkaRaya is podzols. Podzols is less productive is poor in nutrients, low Ph and porous so is easy to lose moisture and nutrient, therefore, inputs are needed, including fertilization. Liquid Organic fertilizer is a type of fertilizer that is being developed nowadays. This study aims to examine the effect of giving liquid organic fertilizer leachate from Palangka Raya Landfill to okra plants on podzols. The study was conducted in a green house and was arranged according to completely randomized design with leachate treatment from landfill, namely L0 (without treatment), L1 (150 ml plant-1), L2 (300 ml plant-1) dan L3 (450 ml plant-1). All treatments were repeated 6 times so which there were 24 experimental units. The results showed the administration of 450 ml of leachate showed the highest growth and yield of okra compared to other treatment, with height to 103cm, number of leaves 31 pieces, dry weight of stoves 576.89 g, and fresh weight of fruit 159.98 g

Effect of zinc and boron foliar application on growth, biomass production and yields of spring-summer okra

Micronutrient study (Zn and B) in okra was carried out at Vegetable Farm of P.G. College, Ghazipur, Uttar Pradesh. Treatment comprised of two foliar spray of Zn (50 and 100 ppm) and Boron (25 and 50 ppm) solely or in their combinations. Thus, a total of 9 treatments including control (water spray) were replicated thrice. Micronutrient sprays were done twice at 30 and 45 days after sowing.The highest values for plant height (66.50cm),total drymatter production (51.30 g), root area (234.34 cm2) and root length density (1486.87 cm/cm3),fruits/plant (24.33), fruit yield (38.22 g/ plant or 102.56 q/ha) were recorded for combination spray of Zn(50ppm) + B(25ppm). This treatment registered 23.18% higher fruit yield over control.

Organic and Mineral Fertilization-Induced Yield and Seed Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

Organic and Mineral Fertilization-Induced Yield and Seed Quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)